1. Brahmajālasuttavaṇṇanā

Paribbājakakathāvaṇṇanā

ImissāP1.26V1.27M1.27 paṭhamamahāsaṅgītiyā vattamānāya vinayasaṅgahāvasāne suttantapiṭake ādinikāyassa ādisuttaṃ brahmajālaṃ pucchantena āyasmatā mahākassapena –

‘‘ brahmajālaṃ , āvuso ānanda , kattha bhāsitan ’’ ti , evamādivuttavacanapariyosāne yattha ca bhāsitaṃ , yañcārabbha bhāsitaṃ , taṃ sabbaṃ pakāsento āyasmā ānando evaṃ me sutantiādimāha .

Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ brahmajālassāpi evaṃ me sutantiādikaṃ āyasmatā ānandena paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle vuttaṃ nidānamādī ’’ ti .

1. Tattha evan ti nipātapadaṃ .

Metiādīni nāmapadāni .

Paṭipanno hotīti ettha paṭīti upasaggapadaṃ , hotīti ākhyātapadanti .

Iminā tāva nayena padavibhāgo veditabbo .

Atthato pana evaṃ -saddo tāva upamūpadesasampahaṃsanagarahaṇavacanasampaṭiggahākāranidassanāvadhāraṇādianekatthappabhedo .

Tathāhesa –

‘‘ evaṃ jātena maccena , kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ bahun ’’ ti ( dha . pa .53) evamādīsu upamāyaṃ āgato .

‘‘ Evaṃ te abhikkamitabbaṃ , evaṃ te paṭikkamitabban ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .4.122) upadese .

‘‘ Evametaṃ bhagavā , evametaṃ sugatā ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .3.66) sampahaṃsane .

‘‘ Evamevaṃ panāyaṃ vasalī yasmiṃ vā tasmiṃ vā tassa muṇḍakassaP1.27 samaṇakassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .1.187) garahaṇe .

‘‘ Evaṃ , bhanteti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosun ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.1) vacanasampaṭiggahe .

‘‘ Evaṃ byā kho ahaṃ , bhante , bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.398) ākāre .

‘‘ Ehi tvaṃ , māṇavaka , yena samaṇo ānando tenupasaṅkama , upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena samaṇaṃ ānandaṃ appābādhaṃV1.28 appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ puccha .

‘‘ Subho māṇavo todeyyaputto bhavantaṃ ānandaṃ appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ pucchatī ’’ ti .

‘‘ Evañca vadehi , sādhu kira bhavaṃ ānando yena subhassaM1.28 māṇavassa todeyyaputtassa nivesanaṃ , tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .1.445) nidassane .

‘‘ Taṃ kiṃ maññatha , kālāmā , ime dhammā kusalā vā akusalā vāti ?

Akusalā , bhante .

Sāvajjā vā anavajjā vāti ?

Sāvajjā , bhante .

Viññugarahitā vā viññuppasatthā vāti ?

Viññugarahitā , bhante .

Samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti no vā , kathaṃ vo ettha hotīti ?

Samattā , bhante , samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti , evaṃ no ettha hotī ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .3.66) avadhāraṇe .

Svāyamidha ākāranidassanāvadhāraṇesu daṭṭhabbo .

Tattha ākāratthena evaṃ -saddena etamatthaṃ dīpeti , nānānayanipuṇamanekajjhāsayasamuṭṭhānaṃ , atthabyañjanasampannaṃ , vividhapāṭihāriyaṃ , dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhagambhīraṃ , sabbasattānaṃ sakasakabhāsānurūpato sotapathamāgacchantaṃ tassa bhagavato vacanaṃ sabbappakārena ko samattho viññātuṃ , sabbathāmena pana sotukāmataṃ janetvāpi ‘ evaṃ me sutaṃ ’ mayāpi ekenākārena sutanti .

Nidassanatthena –

‘‘ nāhaṃ sayambhū , na mayā idaṃ sacchikatan ’’ ti attānaṃ parimocento –

‘ evaṃ me sutaṃ ’,‘ mayāpi evaṃ sutan ’ ti idāni vattabbaṃ sakalaṃ suttaṃ nidasseti .

Avadhāraṇatthena –

‘‘ etadaggaṃ , bhikkhave , mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahussutānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando , gatimantānaṃ , satimantānaṃ , dhitimantānaṃ , upaṭṭhākānaṃ yadidaṃP1.28 ānando ’’ ti ( a . ni .1.223).

Evaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘ āyasmā ānando atthakusalo , dhammakusalo , byañjanakusalo , niruttikusalo , pubbāparakusalo ’’ ti ( a . ni .5.169).

Evaṃ dhammasenāpatinā ca pasatthabhāvānurūpaṃ attano dhāraṇabalaṃ dassento sattānaṃ sotukāmataṃ janeti –

‘ evaṃ me sutaṃ ’, tañca kho atthato vā byañjanato vā anūnamanadhikaṃ , evameva na aññathā daṭṭhabban ’’ ti .

Me -saddo tīsu atthesu dissati .

Tathā hissa –

‘‘ gāthābhigītaṃ me abhojaneyyan ’’ tiādīsu ( su . ni .81) mayāti attho .

‘‘ Sādhu me , bhante , bhagavā saṅkhittena dhammaṃ desetū ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .4.88) mayhanti attho .

‘‘ Dhammadāyādā me , bhikkhaveV1.29M1.29 , bhavathā ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.29) mamāti attho .

Idha pana mayā sutanti ca , mama sutanti ca atthadvaye yujjati .

Sutan ti ayaṃ suta -saddo saupasaggo ca anupasaggo ca – gamanavissutakilinna-upacitānuyoga-sotaviññeyya-sotadvārānusāra-viññātādianekatthappabhedo , tathā hissa ‘‘ senāya pasuto ’’ tiādīsu gacchantoti attho .

‘‘ Sutadhammassa passato ’’ tiādīsu ( udā .11) vissutadhammassāti attho .

‘‘ Avassutā avassutassā ’’ tiādīsu ( pāci .657) kilinnākilinnassāti attho .

‘‘ Tumhehi puññaṃ pasutaṃ anappakan ’’ tiādīsu ( khu . pā .7.12) upacitanti attho .

‘‘ Ye jhānapasutā dhīrā ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . pa .181) jhānānuyuttāti attho .

‘ Diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutan ’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.241) sotaviññeyyanti attho .

‘‘ Sutadharo sutasannicayo ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.339) sotadvārānusāraviññātadharoti attho .

Idha panassa sotadvārānusārena upadhāritanti vā upadhāraṇanti vāti attho .

‘ Me ’ saddassa hi ‘ mayā ’ ti atthe sati ‘ evaṃ mayā sutaṃ ’ sotadvārānusārena upadhāritanti yujjati .

‘ Mamā ’ ti atthe sati evaṃ mama sutaṃ sotadvārānusārena upadhāraṇanti yujjati .

Evametesu tīsu padesu evan ti sotaviññāṇādiviññāṇakiccanidassanaṃ .

Meti vuttaviññāṇasamaṅgipuggalanidassanaṃ .

Sutan ti assavanabhāvapaṭikkhepato anūnādhikāviparītaggahaṇanidassanaṃ .

Tathā evan ti tassā sotadvārānusārena pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattibhāvappakāsanaṃ .

Meti attappakāsanaṃ .

Sutan ti dhammappakāsanaṃ .

Ayañhettha saṅkhepoP1.29 –

‘‘ nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā mayā na aññaṃ kataṃ , idaṃ pana kataṃ , ayaṃ dhammo suto ’’ ti .

Tathā evan ti niddisitabbadhammappakāsanaṃ .

Meti puggalappakāsanaṃ .

Sutan ti puggalakiccappakāsanaṃ .

Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti .

‘‘ Yaṃ suttaṃ niddisissāmi , taṃ mayā evaṃ sutan ’’ ti .

Tathā evan ti yassa cittasantānassa nānākārappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇaṃ hoti , tassa nānākāraniddeso .

Evan ti hi ayamākārapaññatti .

Meti kattuniddeso .

Sutan ti visayaniddeso .

Ettāvatā nānākārappavattenaM1.30 cittasantānena taṃ samaṅgino kattu visayaggahaṇasanniṭṭhānaṃ kataṃ hoti .

AthavāV1.30 evan ti puggalakiccaniddeso .

Sutan ti viññāṇakiccaniddeso .

Meti ubhayakiccayuttapuggalaniddeso .

Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepo ,‘‘ mayā savanakiccaviññāṇasamaṅginā puggalena viññāṇavasena laddhasavanakiccavohārena sutan ’’ ti .

Tattha evanti ca meti ca saccikaṭṭhaparamatthavasena avijjamānapaññatti .

Kiñhettha taṃ paramatthato atthi , yaṃ evan ti vā meti vā niddesaṃ labhetha ?

Sutanti vijjamānapaññatti .

Yañhi taṃ ettha sotena upaladdhaṃ , taṃ paramatthato vijjamānanti .

Tathā ‘ evan ’ ti ca , meti ca , taṃ taṃ upādāya vattabbato upādāpaññatti .

‘ Sutan ’ ti diṭṭhādīni upanidhāya vattabbato upanidhāpaññatti .

Ettha ca evanti vacanena asammohaṃ dīpeti .

Na hi sammūḷho nānappakārapaṭivedhasamattho hoti .

‘ Sutan ’ ti vacanena sutassa asammosaṃ dīpeti .

Yassa hi sutaṃ sammuṭṭhaṃ hoti , na so kālantarena mayā sutanti paṭijānāti .

Iccassa asammohena paññāsiddhi , asammosena pana satisiddhi .

Tattha paññāpubbaṅgamāya satiyā byañjanāvadhāraṇasamatthatā , satipubbaṅgamāya paññāya atthapaṭivedhasamatthatā .

Tadubhayasamatthatāyogena atthabyañjanasampannassa dhammakosassa anupālanasamatthato dhammabhaṇḍāgārikattasiddhi .

Aparo nayo , evanti vacanena yoniso manasikāraṃ dīpeti .

Ayoniso manasikaroto hi nānappakārapaṭivedhābhāvato .

Sutanti vacanena avikkhepaṃ dīpeti , vikkhittacittassa savanābhāvato .

Tathā hi vikkhittacitto puggalo sabbasampattiyā vuccamānopiP1.30 ‘‘ na mayā sutaṃ , puna bhaṇathā ’’ ti bhaṇati .

Yoniso manasikārena cettha attasammāpaṇidhiṃ pubbe ca katapuññataṃ sādheti , sammā appaṇihitattassa pubbe akatapuññassa vā tadabhāvato .

Avikkhepena saddhammassavanaṃ sappurisūpanissayañca sādheti .

Na hi vikkhittacitto sotuṃ sakkoti , na ca sappurise anupassayamānassa savanaṃ atthīti .

AparoM1.31 nayo , yasmā evanti yassa cittasantānassa nānākārappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇaṃ hoti , tassa nānākāraniddesoti vuttaṃ , so ca evaṃ bhaddako ākāro na sammāappaṇihitattano pubbe akatapuññassa vā hoti , tasmā evanti iminā bhaddakenākārena pacchimacakkadvayasampattimattano dīpeti .

Sutanti savanayogena purimacakkadvayasampattiṃ .

Na hi appatirūpadese vasato sappurisūpanissayavirahitassa vā savanaṃ atthi .

Iccassa pacchimacakkadvayasiddhiyā āsayasuddhisiddhā hoti , purimacakkadvayasiddhiyā payogasuddhi , tāya ca āsayasuddhiyā adhigamabyattisiddhi , payogasuddhiyā āgamabyattisiddhi .

ItiV1.31 payogāsayasuddhassa āgamādhigamasampannassa vacanaṃ aruṇuggaṃ viya sūriyassa udayato yoniso manasikāro viya ca kusalakammassa arahati bhagavato vacanassa pubbaṅgamaṃ bhavitunti ṭhāne nidānaṃ ṭhapento –

‘‘ evaṃ me sutan ’’ tiādimāha .

Aparo nayo ,‘ evan ’ ti iminā nānappakārapaṭivedhadīpakena vacanena attano atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvaṃ dīpeti .

‘ Sutan ’ ti iminā sotabbappabhedapaṭivedhadīpakena dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvaṃ .

‘ Evan ’ ti ca idaṃ yoniso manasikāradīpakaṃ vacanaṃ bhāsamāno –

‘‘ ete mayā dhammā manasānupekkhitā , diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā ’’ ti dīpeti .

‘ Sutan ’ ti idaṃ savanayogadīpakaṃ vacanaṃ bhāsamāno –

‘‘ bahū mayā dhammā sutā dhātā vacasā paricitā ’’ ti dīpeti .

Tadubhayenāpi atthabyañjanapāripūriṃ dīpento savane ādaraṃ janeti .

Atthabyañjanaparipuṇṇañhi dhammaṃ ādarena assuṇanto mahatā hitā paribāhiro hotīti , tasmā ādaraṃ janetvā sakkaccaṃ ayaṃ dhammo sotabboti .

‘‘ EvaṃP1.31 me sutan ’’ ti iminā pana sakalena vacanena āyasmā ānando tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammaṃ attano adahanto asappurisabhūmiṃ atikkamati .

Sāvakattaṃ paṭijānanto sappurisabhūmiṃ okkamati .

Tathā asaddhammā cittaṃ vuṭṭhāpeti , saddhamme cittaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti .

‘‘ Kevalaṃ sutamevetaṃ mayā , tasseva bhagavato vacanan ’’ ti dīpento attānaṃ parimoceti , satthāraṃ apadisati , jinavacanaṃ appeti , dhammanettiṃ patiṭṭhāpeti .

ApicaM1.32 ‘‘ evaṃ me sutan ’’ ti attanā uppāditabhāvaṃ appaṭijānanto purimavacanaṃ vivaranto –

‘‘ sammukhā paṭiggahitamidaṃ mayā tassa bhagavato catuvesārajjavisāradassa dasabaladharassa āsabhaṭṭhānaṭṭhāyino sīhanādanādino sabbasattuttamassa dhammissarassa dhammarājassa dhammādhipatino dhammadīpassa dhammasaraṇassa saddhammavaracakkavattino sammāsambuddhassa vacanaṃ , na ettha atthe vā dhamme vā pade vā byañjane vā kaṅkhā vā vimati vā kātabbā ’’ ti sabbesaṃ devamanussānaṃ imasmiṃ dhamme assaddhiyaṃ vināseti , saddhāsampadaṃ uppādeti .

Tenetaṃ vuccati –

‘‘ Vināsayati assaddhaṃ , saddhaṃ vaḍḍheti sāsane ;

Evaṃ me sutamiccevaṃ , vadaṃ gotamasāvako ’’ ti .

Ekan tiV1.32 gaṇanaparicchedaniddeso .

Samayan ti paricchinnaniddeso .

Ekaṃ samayan ti aniyamitaparidīpanaṃ .

Tattha samaya saddo –

‘‘ Samavāye khaṇe kāle , samūhe hetudiṭṭhisu ;

Paṭilābhe pahāne ca , paṭivedhe ca dissati ’’.

Tathā hissa –

‘‘ appevanāma svepi upasaṅkameyyāma kālañca samayañca upādāyā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( dī . ni .1.447) samavāyo attho .

‘‘ Ekova kho bhikkhave , khaṇo ca samayo ca brahmacariyavāsāyā ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .8.29) khaṇo .

‘‘ Uṇhasamayo pariḷāhasamayo ’’ tiādīsu ( pāci .358) kālo .

‘‘ Mahāsamayo pavanasmin ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .2.332) samūho .

‘‘ Samayopi kho te , bhaddāli , appaṭividdho ahosi , bhagavā khoP1.32 sāvatthiyaṃ viharati , bhagavāpi maṃ jānissati , bhaddāli nāma bhikkhu satthusāsane sikkhāya aparipūrakārī ’ ti .

Ayampi kho , te bhaddāli , samayo appaṭividdho ahosī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .2.135) hetu .

‘‘ Tena kho pana samayena uggahamāno paribbājako samaṇamuṇḍikāputto samayappavādake tindukācīre ekasālake mallikāya ārāme paṭivasatī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .2.260) diṭṭhi .

‘‘ Diṭṭhe dhamme ca yo attho , yo cattho samparāyiko ;

Atthābhisamayā dhīro , paṇḍitoti pavuccatī ’’ ti .( saṃ . ni .1.128)–

ĀdīsuM1.33 paṭilābho .

‘‘ Sammā mānābhisamayā antamakāsi dukkhassā ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .7.9) pahānaṃ .

‘‘ Dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho abhisamayaṭṭho ’’ tiādīsu ( paṭi .108) paṭivedho .

Idha panassa kālo attho .

Tena saṃvaccharautumāsaḍḍhamāsarattidivapubbaṇhamajjhanhikasāyanhapaṭhamamajjhi-mapacchimayāmamuhuttādīsu kālappabhedabhūtesu samayesu ekaṃ samayanti dīpeti .

Tattha kiñcāpi etesu saṃvaccharādīsu samayesu yaṃ yaṃ suttaṃ yasmiṃ yasmiṃ saṃvacchare utumhi māse pakkhe rattibhāge vā divasabhāge vā vuttaṃ , sabbaṃ taṃ therassa suviditaṃ suvavatthāpitaṃ paññāya .

Yasmā pana –

‘‘ evaṃ me sutaṃ ’’ asukasaṃvacchare asukautumhi asukamāse asukapakkhe asukarattibhāge asukadivasabhāge vāti evaṃ vutte na sakkā sukhenaV1.33 dhāretuṃ vā uddisituṃ vā uddisāpetuṃ vā , bahu ca vattabbaṃ hoti , tasmā ekeneva padena tamatthaṃ samodhānetvā ‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti āha .

Ye vā ime gabbhokkantisamayo , jātisamayo , saṃvegasamayo , abhinikkhamanasamayo , dukkarakārikasamayo , māravijayasamayo , abhisambodhisamayo diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasamayo , desanāsamayo , parinibbānasamayoti , evamādayo bhagavato devamanussesu ativiya pakāsā anekakālappabhedā eva samayā .

Tesu samayesu desanāsamayasaṅkhātaṃ ekaṃ samayanti dīpeti .

Yo cāyaṃ ñāṇakaruṇākiccasamayesu karuṇākiccasamayo , attahitaparahitapaṭipattisamayesu parahitapaṭipattisamayo , sannipatitānaṃ karaṇīyadvayasamayesu dhammikathāsamayo desanāpaṭipattisamayesuP1.33 desanāsamayo , tesupi samayesu aññataraṃ samayaṃ sandhāya ‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti āha .

Kasmā panettha yathā abhidhamme ‘‘ yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaran ’’ ti ( dha . sa .1) ca , ito aññesu ca suttapadesu –

‘‘ yasmiṃ samaye , bhikkhave , bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehī ’’ ti ca bhummavacananiddeso kato , vinaye ca –

‘‘ tena samayena buddho bhagavā ’’ ti karaṇavacanena , tathā akatvā ‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti upayogavacananiddeso katoti ?

Tattha tathā idha ca aññathā atthasambhavato .

Tattha hi abhidhamme ito aññesu suttapadesu ca adhikaraṇatthoM1.34 bhāvena bhāvalakkhaṇattho ca sambhavati .

Adhikaraṇañhi kālattho , samūhattho ca samayo , tattha tattha vuttānaṃ phassādidhammānaṃ khaṇasamavāyahetusaṅkhātassa ca samayassa bhāvena tesaṃ bhāvo lakkhīyati , tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha bhummavacananiddeso kato .

Vinaye ca hetuattho karaṇattho ca sambhavati .

Yo hi so sikkhāpadapaññattisamayo sāriputtādīhipi dubbiññeyyo , tena samayena hetubhūtena karaṇabhūtena ca sikkhāpadāni paññāpayanto sikkhāpadapaññattihetuñca apekkhamāno bhagavā tattha tattha vihāsi , tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha karaṇavacanena niddeso kato .

Idha pana aññasmiñca evaṃ jātike accantasaṃyogattho sambhavati .

Yañhi samayaṃ bhagavā imaṃ aññaṃ vā suttantaṃ desesi , accantameva taṃ samayaṃ karuṇāvihārena vihāsi , tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ idha upayogavacananiddeso katoti .

Tenetaṃ vuccati –

‘‘ TaṃV1.34 taṃ atthamapekkhitvā , bhummena karaṇena ca ;

Aññatra samayo vutto , upayogena so idhā ’’ ti .

Porāṇā pana vaṇṇayanti –

‘‘ tasmiṃ samaye ’’ ti vā ,‘‘ tena samayenā ’’ ti vā ,‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti vā , abhilāpamattabhedo esa , sabbattha bhummamevatthoti .

Tasmā ‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti vuttepi ‘‘ ekasmiṃ samaye ’’ ti attho veditabbo .

Bhagavāti garu .

Garuñhi loke bhagavāti vadanti .

AyañcaP1.34 sabbaguṇavisiṭṭhatāya sabbasattānaṃ garu , tasmā bhagavāti veditabbo .

Porāṇehipi vuttaṃ –

‘‘ Bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ , bhagavāti vacanamuttamaṃ ;

Garu gāravayutto so , bhagavā tena vuccatī ’’ ti .

Api ca –

‘‘ Bhāgyavā bhaggavā yutto , bhagehi ca vibhattavā ;

Bhattavā vantagamano , bhavesu bhagavā tato ’’ ti .

ImissāM1.35 gāthāya vasenassa padassa vitthāraattho veditabbo .

So ca visuddhimagge buddhānussatiniddese vuttoyeva .

Ettāvatā cettha evaṃ me sutan ti vacanena yathāsutaṃ dhammaṃ dassento bhagavato dhammakāyaṃ paccakkhaṃ karoti .

Tena ‘‘ nayidaṃ atikkantasatthukaṃ pāvacanaṃ , ayaṃ vo satthā ’’ ti satthu adassanena ukkaṇṭhitaṃ janaṃ samassāseti .

Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavāti vacanena tasmiṃ samaye bhagavato avijjamānabhāvaṃ dassento rūpakāyaparinibbānaṃ sādheti .

Tena ‘‘ evaṃvidhassa nāma ariyadhammassa desako dasabaladharo vajirasaṅghāta samānakāyo sopi bhagavā parinibbuto , kena aññena jīvite āsā janetabbā ’’ ti jīvitamadamattaṃ janaṃ saṃvejeti , saddhamme cassa ussāhaṃ janeti .

Evan tiV1.35 ca bhaṇanto desanāsampattiṃ niddisati .

Me sutan ti sāvakasampattiṃ .

Ekaṃ samayan ti kālasampattiṃ .

Bhagavāti desakasampattiṃ .

Antarā ca rājagahaṃ antarā ca nāḷandan ti antarā -saddo kāraṇakhaṇacittavemajjhavivarādīsu dissati .

‘‘ Tadantaraṃ ko jāneyya aññatra tathāgatā ’’ ti ( a . ni .6.44) ca ,‘‘ janā saṅgamma mantenti mañca tañca kimantaran ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .1.228) ca ādīsu hi kāraṇe antarā-saddo .

‘‘ Addasa maṃ , bhante , aññatarā itthī vijjantarikāya bhājanaṃ dhovantī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .2.149) khaṇe .

‘‘ Yassantarato na santi kopā ’’ tiādīsu ( udā .20) citte .

‘‘ Antarā vosānamāpādī ’’ tiādīsuP1.35 ( cūḷava .350) vemajjhe .

‘‘ Api cāyaṃ , bhikkhave , tapodā dvinnaṃ mahānirayānaṃ antarikāya āgacchatī ’’ tiādīsu ( pārā .231) vivare .

Svāyamidha vivare vattati , tasmā rājagahassa ca nāḷandāya ca vivareti evametthattho veditabbo .

Antarā-saddena pana yuttattā upayogavacanaṃ kataṃ .

Īdisesu ca ṭhānesu akkharacintakā ‘‘ antarā gāmañca nadiñca yātī ’’ ti evaṃ ekameva antarāsaddaṃ payujjanti , so dutiyapadenapi yojetabbo hoti , ayojiyamāne upayogavacanaṃ na pāpuṇāti .

Idha pana yojetvāyeva vuttoti .

AddhānamaggappaṭipannoM1.36 hotīti addhānasaṅkhātaṃ maggaṃ paṭipanno hoti ,‘‘ dīghamaggan ’’ ti attho .

Addhānagamanasamayassa hi vibhaṅge ‘‘ aḍḍhayojanaṃ gacchissāmīti bhuñjitabban ’’ tiādivacanato ( pāci .218) aḍḍhayojanampi addhānamaggo hoti .

Rājagahato pana nāḷandā yojanameva .

Mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhin ti ‘ mahatā ’ ti guṇamahattenapi mahatā , saṅkhyāmahattenapi mahatā .

So hi bhikkhusaṅgho guṇehipi mahā ahosi , appicchatādiguṇasamannāgatattā .

Saṅkhyāyapi mahā , pañcasatasaṅkhyattā .

Bhikkhūnaṃ saṅgho ‘ bhikkhusaṅgho ’, tena bhikkhusaṅghena .

Diṭṭhisīlasāmaññasaṅghātasaṅkhātena samaṇagaṇenāti attho .

Saddhin ti ekato .

Pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehīti pañcamattā etesanti pañcamattāni .

Mattāti pamāṇaṃ vuccati , tasmā yathā ‘‘ bhojane mattaññū ’’ ti vutte ‘‘ bhojane mattaṃ jānāti , pamāṇaṃ jānātī ’’ ti attho hoti , evamidhāpi –

‘‘ tesaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ pañcamattā pañcapamāṇan ’’ ti evamattho daṭṭhabbo .

Bhikkhūnaṃ satāni bhikkhusatāni , tehi pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi .

SuppiyopiV1.36 kho paribbājakoti suppiyoti tassa nāmaṃ .

Pi -kāro maggappaṭipannasabhāgatāya puggalasampiṇḍanattho .

Kho -kāro padasandhikaro , byañjanasiliṭṭhatāvasena vutto .

Paribbājakoti sañjayassa antevāsī channaparibbājako .

Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti –

‘‘ yadā bhagavā taṃ addhānamaggaṃP1.36 paṭipanno , tadā suppiyopi paribbājako paṭipanno ahosī ’’ ti .

Atītakālattho hettha hoti-saddo .

Saddhiṃ antevāsinā brahmadattena māṇavenāti – ettha ante vasatīti antevāsī .

Samīpacāro santikāvacaro sissoti attho .

Brahmadattoti tassa nāmaṃ .

Māṇavoti sattopi coropi taruṇopi vuccati .

‘‘ Coditā devadūtehi , ye pamajjanti māṇavā ;

Te dīgharattaṃ socanti , hīnakāyūpagā narā ’’ ti .( ma . ni .3.271)–

ĀdīsuM1.37 hi satto māṇavoti vutto .

‘‘ Māṇavehipi samāgacchanti katakammehipi akatakammehipī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .2.149) coro .

‘‘ Ambaṭṭho māṇavo , aṅgako māṇavo ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .1.316) taruṇo ‘ māṇavo ’ ti vutto .

Idhāpi ayamevattho .

Idañhi vuttaṃ hoti – brahmadattena nāma taruṇantevāsinā saddhinti .

Tatrāti tasmiṃ addhānamagge , tesu vā dvīsu janesu .

Sudan ti nipātamattaṃ .

Anekapariyāyenāti pariyāya-saddo tāva vāradesanākāraṇesu vattati .

‘‘ Kassa nu kho , ānanda , ajja pariyāyo bhikkhuniyo ovaditun ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .3.398) hi vāre pariyāyasaddo vattati .

‘‘ Madhupiṇḍikapariyāyotveva naṃ dhārehī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.205) desanāyaṃ .

‘‘ Imināpi kho , te rājañña , pariyāyena evaṃ hotū ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .2.411) kāraṇe .

Svāyamidhāpi kāraṇe vattati , tasmā ayamettha attho –

‘‘ anekavidhena kāraṇenā ’’ ti ,‘‘ bahūhi kāraṇehī ’’ ti vuttaṃ hoti .

Buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsatīti avaṇṇavirahitassa aparimāṇavaṇṇasamannāgatassāpi buddhassa bhagavato –

‘‘ yaṃ loke jātivuḍḍhesu kattabbaṃ abhivādanādisāmīcikammaṃ ‘ sāmaggiraso ’ ti vuccati , taṃ samaṇassa gotamassa natthi tasmā arasarūpo samaṇo gotamo , nibbhogo , akiriyavādo , ucchedavādo , jegucchī , venayiko , tapassī , apagabbho .

Natthi samaṇassa gotamassaV1.37 uttarimanussadhammo alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso .

Takkapariyāhataṃ samaṇo gotamo dhammaṃ deseti , vīmaṃsānucaritaṃ , sayaṃpaṭibhānaṃ .

Samaṇo gotamo na sabbaññū , na lokavidū , na anuttaro , na aggapuggalo ’’ ti .

Evaṃ taṃ taṃ akāraṇameva kāraṇanti vatvāP1.37 tathā tathā avaṇṇaṃ dosaṃ nindaṃ bhāsati .

Yathā ca buddhassa , evaṃ dhammassāpi taṃ taṃ akāraṇameva kāraṇato vatvā –

‘‘ samaṇassa gotamassa dhammo durakkhāto , duppaṭivedito , aniyyāniko , anupasamasaṃvattaniko ’’ ti tathā tathā avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati .

YathāM1.38 ca dhammassa , evaṃ saṅghassāpi yaṃ vā taṃ vā akāraṇameva kāraṇato vatvā –

‘‘ micchāpaṭipanno samaṇassa gotamassa sāvakasaṅgho , kuṭilapaṭipanno , paccanīkapaṭipadaṃ ananulomapaṭipadaṃ adhammānulomapaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno ’’ ti tathā tathā avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati .

Antevāsī panassa –

‘‘ amhākaṃ ācariyo aparāmasitabbaṃ parāmasati , anakkamitabbaṃ akkamati , svāyaṃ aggiṃ gilanto viya , hatthena asidhāraṃ parāmasanto viya , muṭṭhinā sineruṃ padāletukāmo viya , kakacadantapantiyaṃ kīḷamāno viya , pabhinnamadaṃ caṇḍahatthiṃ hatthena gaṇhanto viya ca vaṇṇārahasseva ratanattayassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsamāno anayabyasanaṃ pāpuṇissati .

Ācariye kho pana gūthaṃ vā aggiṃ vā kaṇṭakaṃ vā kaṇhasappaṃ vā akkamante , sūlaṃ vā abhirūhante , halāhalaṃ vā visaṃ khādante , khārodakaṃ vā pakkhalante , narakapapātaṃ vā papatante , na antevāsinā taṃ sabbamanukātabbaṃ hoti .

Kammassakā hi sattā attano kammānurūpameva gatiṃ gacchanti .

Neva pitā puttassa kammena gacchati , na putto pitu kammena , na mātā puttassa , na putto mātuyā , na bhātā bhaginiyā , na bhaginī bhātu , na ācariyo antevāsino , na antevāsī ācariyassa kammena gacchati .

Mayhañca ācariyo tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati , mahāsāvajjo kho panāriyūpavādoti .

Evaṃ yoniso ummujjitvā ācariyavādaṃ maddamāno sammākāraṇameva kāraṇato apadisanto anekapariyāyena tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ vaṇṇaṃ bhāsitumāraddho , yathā taṃ paṇḍitajātiko kulaputto ’’.

Tena vuttaṃ –

‘‘ suppiyassa pana paribbājakassa antevāsī brahmadatto māṇavo anekapariyāyena buddhassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati , dhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati , saṅghassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī ’’ ti .

Tattha vaṇṇan ti vaṇṇa-saddo saṇṭhāna-jāti-rūpāyatana-kāraṇa-pamāṇa-guṇa-pasaṃsādīsu dissatiV1.38 .

Tattha ‘‘ mahantaṃ sapparājavaṇṇaṃP1.38 abhinimminitvā ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .1.142) saṇṭhānaṃ vuccati .

‘‘ Brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo , hīno añño vaṇṇo ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .2.402) jāti .

‘‘ Paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .1.303) rūpāyatanaṃ .

‘‘ NaM1.39 harāmi na bhañjāmi , ārā siṅghāmi vārijaṃ ;

Atha kena nu vaṇṇena , gandhatthenoti vuccatī ’’ ti .( saṃ . ni .1.234)–

Ādīsu kāraṇaṃ .

‘‘ Tayo pattassa vaṇṇā ’’ tiādīsu ( pārā .602) pamāṇaṃ .

‘‘ Kadā saññūḷhā pana , te gahapati , ime samaṇassa gotamassa vaṇṇā ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .2.77) guṇo .

‘‘ Vaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .2.135) pasaṃsā .

Idha guṇopi pasaṃsāpi .

Ayaṃ kira taṃ taṃ bhūtameva kāraṇaṃ apadisanto anekapariyāyena ratanattayassa guṇūpasañhitaṃ pasaṃsaṃ abhāsi .

Tattha –

‘‘ itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho ’’ tiādinā ( pārā .1) nayena ,‘‘ ye bhikkhave , buddhe pasannā agge te pasannā ’’ tiādinā ‘‘ ekapuggalo , bhikkhave , loke uppajjamāno uppajjati … pe … asamo asamasamo ’’ tiādinā ( a . ni .1.174) ca nayena buddhassa vaṇṇo veditabbo .

‘‘ Svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo ’’ ti ( dī . ni .2.159) ca ‘‘ ālayasamugghāto vaṭṭupacchedo ’’ ti ( iti .90, a . ni .4.34) ca ,‘‘ ye bhikkhave , ariye aṭṭhaṅgike magge pasannā , agge te pasannā ’’ ti ca evamādīhi nayehi dhammassa vaṇṇo veditabbo .

‘‘ Suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho ’’ ti ( dī . ni .2.159) ca ,‘‘ ye , bhikkhave , saṅghe pasannā , agge te pasannā ’’ ti ( a . ni .4.34) ca evamādīhi pana nayehi saṅghassa vaṇṇo veditabbo .

Pahontena pana dhammakathikena pañcanikāye navaṅgaṃ satthusāsanaṃ caturāsītidhammakkhandhasahassāni ogāhitvā buddhādīnaṃ vaṇṇo pakāsetabbo .

Imasmiñhi ṭhāne buddhādīnaṃ guṇe pakāsento atitthena pakkhando dhammakathikoti na sakkā vattuṃ .

Īdisesu hi ṭhānesu dhammakathikassa thāmo veditabbo .

Brahmadatto pana māṇavo anussavādimattasambandhitena attano thāmena ratanattayassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati .

Itiha te ubho ācariyantevāsīti evaṃ te dve ācariyantevāsikā .

Aññamaññassāti añño aññassa .

Ujuvipaccanīkavādāti īsakampi apariharitvā ujumeva vividhapaccanīkavādā , anekavāraṃ viruddhavādā eva hutvātiP1.39 attho .

Ācariyena hi ratanattayassaV1.39 avaṇṇe bhāsite antevāsī vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati , puna itaro avaṇṇaṃ , itaro vaṇṇanti evaṃ ācariyo sāraphalake visarukkhaāṇiṃ ākoṭayamāno viyaM1.40 punappunaṃ ratanattayassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati .

Antevāsī pana suvaṇṇarajatamaṇimayāya āṇiyā taṃ āṇiṃ paṭibāhayamāno viya punappunaṃ ratanattayassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati .

Tena vuttaṃ –

‘‘ ujuvipaccanīkavādā ’’ ti .

Bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhā honti bhikkhusaṅghañcāti bhagavantañca bhikkhusaṅghañca pacchato pacchato dassanaṃ avijahantā iriyāpathānubandhanena anubandhā honti , sīsānulokino hutvā anugatā hontīti attho .

Kasmā pana bhagavā taṃ addhānaṃ paṭipanno ?

Kasmā ca suppiyo anubandho ?

Kasmā ca so ratanattayassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsatīti ?

Bhagavā tāva tasmiṃ kāle rājagahaparivattakesu aṭṭhārasasu mahāvihāresu aññatarasmiṃ vasitvā pātova sarīrappaṭijagganaṃ katvā bhikkhācāravelāyaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto rājagahe piṇḍāya carati .

So taṃ divasaṃ bhikkhusaṅghassa sulabhapiṇḍapātaṃ katvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto bhikkhusaṅghaṃ pattacīvaraṃ gāhāpetvā –

‘‘ nāḷandaṃ gamissāmī ’’ ti , rājagahato nikkhamitvā taṃ addhānaṃ paṭipanno .

Suppiyopi kho tasmiṃ kāle rājagahaparivattake aññatarasmiṃ paribbājakārāme vasitvā paribbājakaparivuto rājagahe bhikkhāya carati .

Sopi taṃ divasaṃ paribbājakaparisāya sulabhabhikkhaṃ katvā bhuttapātarāso paribbājake paribbājakaparikkhāraṃ gāhāpetvā – nāḷandaṃ gamissāmicceva bhagavato taṃ maggaṃ paṭipannabhāvaṃ ajānantova anubandho .

Sace pana jāneyya nānubandheyya .

So ajānitvāva gacchanto gīvaṃ ukkhipitvā olokayamāno bhagavantaṃ addasa buddhasiriyā sobhamānaṃ rattakambalaparikkhittamiva jaṅgamakanakagirisikharaṃ .

Tasmiṃ kira samaye dasabalassa sarīrato nikkhamitvā chabbaṇṇarasmiyo samantā asītihatthappamāṇe padese ādhāvanti vidhāvanti ratanāveḷaratanadāmaratanacuṇṇavippakiṇṇaṃP1.40 viya , pasāritaratanacittakañcanapaṭamiva , rattasuvaṇṇarasanisiñcamānamiva , ukkāsatanipātasamākulamiva , nirantaravippakiṇṇakaṇikārapupphamiva vāyuvegakkhittacīnapiṭṭhacuṇṇamiva , indadhanuvijjulatātārāgaṇappabhāvisaravipphuritaviccharitamiva ca taṃ vanantaraṃ hoti .

AsītiM1.41 anubyañjanānurañjitañca pana bhagavato sarīraṃ vikasitakamaluppalamiva , saraṃ sabbapāliphullamivaV1.40 pāricchattakaṃ , tārāmarīcivikasitamiva , gaganatalaṃ siriyā avahasantamiva , byāmappabhāparikkhepavilāsinī cassa dvattiṃsavaralakkhaṇamālā ganthetvā ṭhapitadvattiṃsacandamālāya dvattiṃsasūriyamālāya paṭipāṭiyā ṭhapitadvattiṃsacakkavattidvattiṃsasakkadevarājadvattiṃsamahābrahmānaṃ siriṃ siriyā abhibhavantimiva .

Tañca pana bhagavantaṃ parivāretvā ṭhitā bhikkhū sabbeva appicchā santuṭṭhā pavivittā asaṃsaṭṭhā codakā pāpagarahino vattāro vacanakkhamā sīlasampannā samādhipaññāvimuttivimuttiññāṇadassanasampannā .

Tesaṃ majjhe bhagavā rattakambalapākāraparikkhitto viya kañcanathambho , rattapadumasaṇḍamajjhagatā viya suvaṇṇanāvā , pavāḷavedikāparikkhitto viya aggikkhandho , tārāgaṇaparivārito viya puṇṇacando migapakkhīnampi cakkhūni pīṇayati , pageva devamanussānaṃ .

Tasmiñca pana divase yebhuyyena asītimahātherā meghavaṇṇaṃ paṃsukūlaṃ ekaṃsaṃ karitvā kattaradaṇḍaṃ ādāya suvammavammitā viya gandhahatthino vigatadosā vantadosā bhinnakilesā vijaṭitajaṭā chinnabandhanā bhagavantaṃ parivārayiṃsu .

So sayaṃ vītarāgo vītarāgehi , sayaṃ vītadoso vītadosehi , sayaṃ vītamoho vītamohehi , sayaṃ vītataṇho vītataṇhehi , sayaṃ nikkileso nikkilesehi , sayaṃ buddho anubuddhehi parivārito ;

pattaparivāritaṃ viya kesaraṃ , kesaraparivāritā viya kaṇṇikā , aṭṭhanāgasahassaparivārito viya chaddanto nāgarājā , navutihaṃsasahassaparivārito viya dhataraṭṭho haṃsarājā , senaṅgaparivārito viya cakkavattirājā , devagaṇaparivārito viya sakko devarājā , brahmagaṇaparivārito viya hārito mahābrahmā , aparimitakālasañcitapuññabalanibbattāya acinteyyāya anopamāya buddhalīlāyaP1.41 cando viya gaganatalaṃ taṃ maggaṃ paṭipanno hoti .

Athevaṃ bhagavantaṃ anopamāya buddhalīlāya gacchantaṃ bhikkhū ca okkhittacakkhū santindriye santamānase uparinabhe ṭhitaṃ puṇṇacandaṃ viya bhagavantaṃyeva namassamāne disvāva paribbājako attano parisaṃ avalokesi .

Sā hoti kājadaṇḍake olambetvā gahitoluggaviluggapiṭṭhakatidaṇḍamorapiñchamattikāpattapasibbakakuṇḍikādianekaparikkhārabhārabharitāM1.42 .

‘‘ Asukassa hatthā sobhaṇā , asukassa pādā ’’ ti evamādiniratthakavacanā mukharā vikiṇṇavācā adassanīyā apāsādikā .

Tassa taṃ disvā vippaṭisāro udapādi .

Idāni tena bhagavato vaṇṇo vattabbo bhaveyya .

Yasmā panesa lābhasakkārahāniyā ceva pakkhahāniyā ca niccampi bhagavantaṃ usūyati .

Aññatitthiyānañhi yāva buddho loke nuppajjati , tāvadeva lābhasakkārā nibbattanti , buddhuppādato pana paṭṭhāya parihīnalābhasakkārā hontiV1.41 , sūriyuggamane khajjopanakā viya nissirīkataṃ āpajjanti .

Upatissakolitānañca sañjayassa santike pabbajitakāleyeva paribbājakā mahāparisā ahesuṃ , tesu pana pakkantesu sāpi tesaṃ parisā bhinnā .

Iti imehi dvīhi kāraṇehi ayaṃ paribbājako yasmā niccampi bhagavantaṃ usūyati , tasmā taṃ usūyavisuggāraṃ uggiranto ratanattayassa avaṇṇameva bhāsatīti veditabbo .

2. Atha kho bhagavā ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ rājāgārake ekarattivāsaṃ upagacchi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenāti bhagavā tāya buddhalīlāya gacchamāno anupubbena ambalaṭṭhikādvāraṃ pāpuṇitvā sūriyaṃ oloketvā –

‘‘ akālo dāni gantuṃ , atthasamīpaṃ gato sūriyo ’’ ti ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ rājāgārake ekarattivāsaṃ upagacchi .

Tattha ambalaṭṭhikāti rañño uyyānaṃ .

Tassa kira dvārasamīpe taruṇaambarukkho atthi , taṃ ‘‘ ambalaṭṭhikā ’’ ti vadanti .

Tassa avidūre bhavattā uyyānampi ambalaṭṭhikā tveva saṅkhyaṃ gataṃ .

Taṃ chāyūdakasampannaṃP1.42 pākāraparikkhittaṃ suyojitadvāraṃ mañjusā viya suguttaṃ .

Tattha rañño kīḷanatthaṃ paṭibhānacittavicittaṃ agāraṃ akaṃsu .

Taṃ ‘‘ rājāgārakan ’’ ti vuccati .

Suppiyopi khoti suppiyopi tasmiṃ ṭhāne sūriyaṃ oloketvā –

‘‘ akālo dāni gantuṃ , bahū khuddakamahallakā paribbājakā , bahuparissayo ca ayaṃ maggo corehipi vāḷayakkhehipi vāḷamigehipi .

Ayaṃ kho pana samaṇo gotamo uyyānaṃ paviṭṭho , samaṇassa ca gotamassa vasanaṭṭhāneM1.43 devatā ārakkhaṃ gaṇhanti , handāhampi idha ekarattivāsaṃ upagantvā sveva gamissāmī ’’ ti tadevuyyānaṃ pāvisi .

Tato bhikkhusaṅgho bhagavato vattaṃ dassetvā attano attano vasanaṭṭhānaṃ sallakkhesi .

Paribbājakopi uyyānassa ekapasse paribbājakaparikkhāre otāretvā vāsaṃ upagacchi saddhiṃ attano parisāya .

Pāḷiyamārūḷhavaseneva pana –

‘‘ saddhiṃ attano antevāsinā brahmadattena māṇavenā ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Evaṃ vāsaṃ upagato pana so paribbājako rattibhāge dasabalaṃ olokesi .

Tasmiñca samaye samantā vippakiṇṇatārakā viya padīpā jalanti , majjhe bhagavā nisinno hoti , bhikkhusaṅgho ca bhagavantaṃ parivāretvā .

Tattha ekabhikkhussapi hatthakukkuccaṃ vā pādakukkuccaṃ vā ukkāsitasaddo vā khipitasaddo vā natthi .

Sā hi parisā attano ca sikkhitasikkhatāya satthari ca gāravenāti dvīhi kāraṇehi nivāte padīpasikhā viya niccalāV1.42 sannisinnāva ahosi .

Paribbājako taṃ vibhūtiṃ disvā attano parisaṃ olokesi .

Tattha keci hatthaṃ khipanti , keci pādaṃ , keci vippalapanti , keci nillālitajivhā paggharitakheḷā , dante khādantā kākacchamānā gharugharupassāsino sayanti .

So ratanattayassa guṇavaṇṇe vattabbepi issāvasena puna avaṇṇameva ārabhi .

Brahmadatto pana vuttanayeneva vaṇṇaṃ .

Tena vuttaṃ –

‘‘ tatrāpi sudaṃ suppiyo paribbājako ’’ ti sabbaṃ vattabbaṃ .

Tattha tatrāpīti tasmimpi , ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ uyyāneti attho .

3. Sambahulānan ti bahukānaṃ .

Tattha vinayapariyāyena tayo janā ‘‘ sambahulā ’’ ti vuccanti .

Tato paraṃ saṅgho .

SuttantapariyāyenaP1.43 pana tayo tayova tato paṭṭhāya sambahulā .

Idha suttantapariyāyena ‘‘ sambahulā ’’ ti veditabbā .

Maṇḍalamāḷeti katthaci dve kaṇṇikā gahetvā haṃsavaṭṭakacchannena katā kūṭāgārasālāpi ‘‘ maṇḍalamāḷo ’’ ti vuccati , katthaci ekaṃ kaṇṇikaṃ gahetvā thambhapantiṃ parikkhipitvā katā upaṭṭhānasālāpi ‘‘ maṇḍalamāḷo ’’ ti vuccati .

Idha pana nisīdanasālā ‘‘ maṇḍalamāḷo ’’ ti veditabbo .

Sannisinnānan ti nisajjanavasena .

Sannipatitānan ti samodhānavasena .

Ayaṃ saṅkhiyadhammoti saṅkhiyā vuccati kathāM1.44 , kathādhammoti attho .

Udapādīti uppanno .

Katamo pana soti ?

Acchariyaṃ āvusoti evamādi .

Tattha andhassa pabbatārohaṇaṃ viya niccaṃ na hotīti acchariyaṃ .

Ayaṃ tāva saddanayo .

Ayaṃ pana aṭṭhakathānayo – accharāyogganti acchariyaṃ .

Accharaṃ paharituṃ yuttanti attho .

Abhūtapubbaṃ bhūtanti abbhutaṃ .

Ubhayaṃ petaṃ vimhayassevādhivacanaṃ .

Yāvañcidan ti yāva ca idaṃ tena suppaṭividitatāya appameyyattaṃ dasseti .

Tena bhagavatā jānatā … pe … suppaṭividitāti etthāyaṃ saṅkhepattho .

Yo so bhagavā samatiṃsa pāramiyo pūretvā sabbakilese bhañjitvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho , tena bhagavatā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ āsayānusayaṃ jānatā , hatthatale ṭhapitaṃ āmalakaṃ viya sabbañeyyadhammaṃ passatā .

Api ca pubbenivāsādīhi jānatā , dibbena cakkhunā passatā .

Tīhi vijjāhi chahi vā pana abhiññāhi jānatā , sabbattha appaṭihatena samantacakkhunā passatā .

Sabbadhammajānanasamatthāya vā paññāya jānatā , sabbasattānaṃ cakkhuvisayātītāni tirokuṭṭādigatānipi rūpāni ativisuddhena maṃsacakkhunā passatā .

Attahitasādhikāya vā samādhipadaṭṭhānāyaV1.43 paṭivedhapaññāya jānatā , parahitasādhikāya karuṇāpadaṭṭhānāya desanāpaññāya passatā .

Arīnaṃ hatattā paccayādīnañca arahattā arahatā .

Sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā sammāsambuddhena antarāyikadhammeP1.44 vā jānatā , niyyānikadhamme passatā , kilesārīnaṃ hatattā arahatā .

Sammā sāmañca sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā sammāsambuddhenāti .

Evaṃ catūvesārajjavasena catūhākārehi thomitena sattānaṃ nānādhimuttikatā nānajjhāsayatā suppaṭividitā yāva ca suṭṭhu paṭividitā .

Idānissa suppaṭividitabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ayañhītiādimāha .

Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti yā ca ayaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘ dhātuso , bhikkhave , sattā saṃsandanti samenti , hīnādhimuttikā hīnādhimuttikehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samenti , kalyāṇādhimuttikā kalyāṇādhimuttikehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samenti .

Atītampi kho , bhikkhave , addhānaṃ dhātusova sattā saṃsandiṃsu samiṃsu , hīnādhimuttikāM1.45 hīnādhimuttikehi … pe … kalyāṇādhimuttikā kalyāṇādhimuttikehi saddhiṃ saṃsandiṃsu samiṃsu , anāgatampi kho , bhikkhave , addhānaṃ … pe … saṃsandissanti samessanti , etarahipi kho , bhikkhave , paccuppannaṃ addhānaṃ dhātusova sattā saṃsandanti samenti , hīnādhimuttikā hīnādhimuttikehi … pe … kalyāṇādhimuttikā kalyāṇādhimuttikehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samentī ’’ ti evaṃ sattānaṃ nānādhimuttikatā , nānajjhāsayatā , nānādiṭṭhikatā , nānākhantitā , nānārucitā , nāḷiyā minantena viya tulāya tulayantena viya ca nānādhimuttikatāñāṇena sabbaññutaññāṇena viditā , sā yāva suppaṭividitā .

Dvepi nāma sattā ekajjhāsayā dullabhā lokasmiṃ .

Ekasmiṃ gantukāme eko ṭhātukāmo hoti , ekasmiṃ pivitukāme eko bhuñjitukāmo .

Imesu cāpi dvīsu ācariyantevāsīsu ayañhi ‘‘ suppiyo paribbājako … pe … bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhā honti bhikkhusaṅghañcā ’’ ti .

Tattha itihameti itiha ime , evaṃ imeti attho .

Sesaṃ vuttanayameva .

4. Atha kho bhagavā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ imaṃ saṅkhiyadhammaṃ viditvāti ettha viditvāti sabbaññutaññāṇena jānitvā .

Bhagavā hi katthaci maṃsacakkhunā disvā jānāti –

‘‘ addasā kho bhagavā mahantaṃ dārukkhandhaṃ gaṅgāya nadiyā sotena vuyhamānan ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .4.241) viya .

Katthaci dibbacakkhunā disvā jānāti –

‘‘ addasā kho bhagavā dibbena cakkhunāP1.45 visuddhena atikkantamānusakena tā devatāyo sahassasseva pāṭaligāme vatthūni parigaṇhantiyo ’’ tiādīsuV1.44 ( dī . ni .2.152) viya .

Katthaci pakatisotena sutvā jānāti –

‘‘ assosi kho bhagavā āyasmato ānandassa subhaddena paribbājakena saddhiṃ imaṃ kathāsallāpan ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .2.213) viya .

Katthaci dibbasotena sutvā jānāti –

‘‘ assosi kho bhagavā dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya sandhānassa gahapatissa nigrodhena paribbājakena saddhiṃ imaṃ kathāsallāpan ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .3.54) viya .

Idha pana sabbaññutaññāṇena sutvā aññāsi .

Kiṃ karonto aññāsi ?

Pacchimayāmakiccaṃ , kiccañca nāmetaṃ sātthakaṃ , niratthakanti duvidhaṃ hoti .

Tattha niratthakakiccaṃ bhagavatā bodhipallaṅkeyeva arahattamaggena samugghātaṃ kataṃ .

Sātthakaṃyeva panaM1.46 bhagavato kiccaṃ hoti .

Taṃ pañcavidhaṃ – purebhattakiccaṃ , pacchābhattakiccaṃ , purimayāmakiccaṃ , majjhimayāmakiccaṃ , pacchimayāmakiccanti .

Tatridaṃ purebhattakiccaṃ –

Bhagavā hi pātova uṭṭhāya upaṭṭhākānuggahatthaṃ sarīraphāsukatthañca mukhadhovanādisarīraparikammaṃ katvā yāva bhikkhācāravelā tāva vivittāsane vītināmetvā , bhikkhācāravelāyaṃ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā cīvaraṃ pārupitvā pattamādāya kadāci ekako , kadāci bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto , gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya pavisati ;

kadāci pakatiyā , kadāci anekehi pāṭihāriyehi vattamānehi .

Seyyathidaṃ , piṇḍāya pavisato lokanāthassa purato purato gantvā mudugatavātā pathaviṃ sodhenti , valāhakā udakaphusitāni muñcantā magge reṇuṃ vūpasametvā upari vitānaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhanti , apare vātā pupphāni upasaṃharitvā magge okiranti , unnatā bhūmippadesā onamanti , onatā unnamanti , pādanikkhepasamaye samāva bhūmi hoti , sukhasamphassāni padumapupphāni vā pāde sampaṭicchanti .

Indakhīlassa anto ṭhapitamatte dakkhiṇapāde sarīrato chabbaṇṇarasmiyo nikkhamitvā suvaṇṇarasapiñjarāni viya citrapaṭaparikkhittāni viya ca pāsādakūṭāgārādīni alaṅkarontiyo ito citoP1.46 ca dhāvanti , hatthiassavihaṅgādayo sakasakaṭṭhānesu ṭhitāyeva madhurenākārena saddaṃ karonti , tathā bherivīṇādīni tūriyāni manussānañca kāyūpagāni ābharaṇāni .

Tena saññāṇena manussā jānanti –

‘‘ ajja bhagavā idha piṇḍāya paviṭṭho ’’ ti .

Te sunivatthā supārutā gandhapupphādīni ādāya gharā nikkhamitvā antaravīthiṃ paṭipajjitvā bhagavantaṃ gandhapupphādīhi sakkaccaṃ pūjetvā vanditvā –

‘‘ amhākaṃ , bhante , dasa bhikkhū , amhākaṃ vīsati , paññāsaṃ … pe … sataṃ dethā ’’ ti yācitvā bhagavatopi pattaṃ gahetvā āsanaṃV1.45 paññapetvā sakkaccaṃ piṇḍapātena paṭimānenti .

Bhagavā katabhattakicco tesaṃ sattānaṃ cittasantānāni oloketvā tathā dhammaṃ deseti , yathā keci saraṇagamanesu patiṭṭhahanti , keci pañcasu sīlesu , keci sotāpattisakadāgāmianāgāmiphalānaṃ aññatarasmiṃ ;

keci pabbajitvā aggaphale arahatteti .

Evaṃ mahājanaṃ anuggahetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ gacchati .

TatthaM1.47 gantvā maṇḍalamāḷe paññattavarabuddhāsane nisīdati , bhikkhūnaṃ bhattakiccapariyosānaṃ āgamayamāno .

Tato bhikkhūnaṃ bhattakiccapariyosāne upaṭṭhāko bhagavato nivedeti .

Atha bhagavā gandhakuṭiṃ pavisati .

Idaṃ tāva purebhattakiccaṃ .

Atha bhagavā evaṃ katapurebhattakicco gandhakuṭiyā upaṭṭhāne nisīditvā pāde pakkhāletvā pādapīṭhe ṭhatvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ ovadati –

‘‘ bhikkhave , appamādena sampādetha , dullabho buddhuppādo lokasmiṃ , dullabho manussattapaṭilābho , dullabhā sampatti , dullabhā pabbajjā , dullabhaṃ saddhammassavanan ’’ ti .

Tattha keci bhagavantaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ pucchanti .

Bhagavāpi tesaṃ cariyānurūpaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ deti .

Tato sabbepi bhagavantaṃ vanditvā attano attano rattiṭṭhānadivāṭṭhānāni gacchanti .

Keci araññaṃ , keci rukkhamūlaṃ , keci pabbatādīnaṃ aññataraṃ , keci cātumahārājikabhavanaṃ … pe … keci vasavattibhavananti .

Tato bhagavā gandhakuṭiṃ pavisitvā sace ākaṅkhati , dakkhiṇenaP1.47 passena sato sampajāno muhuttaṃ sīhaseyyaṃ kappeti .

Atha samassāsitakāyo vuṭṭhahitvā dutiyabhāge lokaṃ voloketi .

Tatiyabhāge yaṃ gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya viharati tattha mahājano purebhattaṃ dānaṃ datvā pacchābhattaṃ sunivattho supāruto gandhapupphādīni ādāya vihāre sannipatati .

Tato bhagavā sampattaparisāya anurūpena pāṭihāriyena gantvā dhammasabhāyaṃ paññattavarabuddhāsane nisajja dhammaṃ deseti kālayuttaṃ samayayuttaṃ , atha kālaṃ viditvā parisaṃ uyyojeti , manussā bhagavantaṃ vanditvā pakkamanti .

Idaṃ pacchābhattakiccaṃ .

So evaṃ niṭṭhitapacchābhattakicco sace gattāni osiñcitukāmo hoti , buddhāsanā vuṭṭhāya nhānakoṭṭhakaṃ pavisitvā upaṭṭhākena paṭiyāditaudakena gattāni utuṃ gaṇhāpeti .

Upaṭṭhākopi buddhāsanaṃ ānetvā gandhakuṭipariveṇe paññapeti .

Bhagavā surattadupaṭṭaṃ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā uttarāsaṅgaṃ ekaṃsaṃ karitvā tattha gantvā nisīdati ekakova muhuttaṃ paṭisallīno , atha bhikkhū tato tato āgamma bhagavato upaṭṭhānaṃ āgacchanti .

Tattha ekacce pañhaṃ pucchanti , ekacce kammaṭṭhānaṃ , ekacceM1.48 dhammassavanaṃ yācanti .

Bhagavā tesaṃ adhippāyaṃ sampādento purimayāmaṃ vītināmeti .

Idaṃ purimayāmakiccaṃ .

PurimayāmakiccapariyosāneV1.46 pana bhikkhūsu bhagavantaṃ vanditvā pakkantesu sakaladasasahassilokadhātudevatāyo okāsaṃ labhamānā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchanti , yathābhisaṅkhataṃ antamaso caturakkharampi .

Bhagavā tāsaṃ devatānaṃ pañhaṃ vissajjento majjhimayāmaṃ vītināmeti .

Idaṃ majjhimayāmakiccaṃ .

Pacchimayāmaṃ pana tayo koṭṭhāse katvā purebhattato paṭṭhāya nisajjāya pīḷitassa sarīrassa kilāsubhāvamocanatthaṃ ekaṃ koṭṭhāsaṃ caṅkamena vītināmeti .

Dutiyakoṭṭhāse gandhakuṭiṃ pavisitvā dakkhiṇena passena sato sampajāno sīhaseyyaṃ kappeti .

Tatiyakoṭṭhāse paccuṭṭhāya nisīditvā purimabuddhānaṃ santike dānasīlādivasena katādhikārapuggaladassanatthaṃP1.48 buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ voloketi .

Idaṃ pacchimayāmakiccaṃ .

Tasmiṃ pana divase bhagavā purebhattakiccaṃ rājagahe pariyosāpetvā pacchābhatte maggaṃ āgato , purimayāme bhikkhūnaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathetvā , majjhimayāme devatānaṃ pañhaṃ vissajjetvā , pacchimayāme caṅkamaṃ āruyha caṅkamamāno pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ imaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ ārabbha pavattaṃ kathaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇeneva sutvā aññāsīti .

Tena vuttaṃ –

‘‘ pacchimayāmakiccaṃ karonto aññāsī ’’ ti .

Ñatvā ca panassa etadahosi –

‘‘ ime bhikkhū mayhaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ ārabbha guṇaṃ kathenti , etesañca sabbaññutaññāṇakiccaṃ na pākaṭaṃ , mayhameva pākaṭaṃ .

Mayi pana gate ete attano kathaṃ nirantaraṃ ārocessanti , tato nesaṃ ahaṃ taṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā tividhaṃ sīlaṃ vibhajanto , dvāsaṭṭhiyā ṭhānesu appaṭivattiyaṃ sīhanādaṃ nadanto , paccayākāraṃ samodhānetvā buddhaguṇe pākaṭe katvā , sineruṃ ukkhipento viya suvaṇṇakūṭena nabhaṃ paharanto viya ca dasasahassilokadhātukampanaṃ brahmajālasuttantaṃ arahattanikūṭena niṭṭhāpento desessāmi , sā me desanā parinibbutassāpi pañcavassasahassāni sattānaṃ amatamahānibbānaṃ sampāpikā bhavissatī ’’ ti .

Evaṃ cintetvā yena maṇḍalamāḷo tenupasaṅkamītiM1.49 .

Yenāti yena disābhāgena , so upasaṅkamitabbo .

Bhummatthe vā etaṃ karaṇavacanaṃ , yasmiṃ padese so maṇḍalamāḷo , tattha gatoti ayamettha attho .

Paññatte āsane nisīdīti buddhakāle kira yattha yattha ekopi bhikkhu viharati sabbattha buddhāsanaṃ paññattameva hoti .

Kasmā ?

Bhagavā kira attano santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā phāsukaṭṭhāneV1.47 viharante manasi karoti –

‘‘ asuko mayhaṃ santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā gato , sakkhissati nu kho visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ no vā ’’ ti .

Atha naṃ passati kammaṭṭhānaṃ vissajjetvā akusalavitakkaṃ vitakkayamānaṃ , tato ‘‘ kathañhi nāma mādisassa satthu santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvāP1.49 viharantaṃ imaṃ kulaputtaṃ akusalavitakkā abhibhavitvā anamatagge vaṭṭadukkhe saṃsāressantī ’’ ti tassa anuggahatthaṃ tattheva attānaṃ dassetvā taṃ kulaputtaṃ ovaditvā ākāsaṃ uppatitvā puna attano vasanaṭṭhānameva gacchati .

Athevaṃ ovadiyamānā te bhikkhū cintayiṃsu –

‘‘ satthā amhākaṃ manaṃ jānitvā āgantvā amhākaṃ samīpe ṭhitaṃyeva attānaṃ dasseti ’’.

Tasmiṃ khaṇe –

‘‘ bhante , idha nisīdatha , idha nisīdathā ’’ ti āsanapariyesanaṃ nāma bhāroti .

Te āsanaṃ paññapetvāva viharanti .

Yassa pīṭhaṃ atthi , so taṃ paññapeti .

Yassa natthi , so mañcaṃ vā phalakaṃ vā kaṭṭhaṃ vā pāsāṇaṃ vā vālukapuñjaṃ vā paññapeti .

Taṃ alabhamānā purāṇapaṇṇānipi saṅkaḍḍhitvā tattha paṃsukūlaṃ pattharitvā ṭhapenti .

Idha pana rañño nisīdanāsanameva atthi , taṃ papphoṭetvā paññapetvā parivāretvā te bhikkhū bhagavato adhimuttikañāṇamārabbha guṇaṃ thomayamānā nisīdiṃsu .

Taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –

‘‘ paññatte āsane nisīdī ’’ ti .

Evaṃ nisinno pana jānantoyeva kathāsamuṭṭhāpanatthaṃ bhikkhū pucchi .

Te cassa sabbaṃ kathayiṃsu .

Tena vuttaṃ –

‘‘ nisajja kho bhagavā ’’ tiādi .

Tattha kāya nutthāti katamāya nu kathāya sannisinnā bhavathāti attho .

Kāya netthā tipi pāḷi , tassā katamāya nu etthāti attho kāya notthā tipi pāḷi .

Tassāpi purimoyeva attho .

AntarākathātiM1.50 , kammaṭṭhānamanasikārauddesaparipucchādīnaṃ antarā aññā ekā kathā .

Vippakatāti , mama āgamanapaccayā apariniṭṭhitā sikhaṃ appattā .

Tena kiṃ dasseti ?

‘‘ Nāhaṃ tumhākaṃ kathābhaṅgatthaṃ āgato , ahaṃ pana sabbaññutāya tumhākaṃ kathaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā matthakappattaṃ katvā dassāmīti āgato ’’ ti nisajjeva sabbaññupavāraṇaṃ pavāreti .

Ayaṃ kho no , bhante , antarākathā vippakatāP1.50 , atha bhagavā anuppattoti etthāpi ayamadhippāyo .

Ayaṃ bhante amhākaṃ bhagavato sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ ārabbha guṇakathā vippakatā , na rājakathādikā tiracchānakathā , atha bhagavā anuppatto ;

taṃ no idāni niṭṭhāpetvā desethāti .

Ettāvatā ca yaṃ āyasmatā ānandena kamalakuvalayujjalavimalasādhurasasalilāya pokkharaṇiyā sukhāvataraṇatthaṃ nimmalasilātalaracanavilāsasobhitaratanasopānaṃ , vippakiṇṇamuttātalasadisavālukākiṇṇapaṇḍarabhūmibhāgaṃV1.48 titthaṃ viya suvibhattabhittivicitravedikāparikkhittassa nakkhattapathaṃ phusitukāmatāya viya , vijambhitasamussayassa pāsādavarassa sukhārohaṇatthaṃ dantamayasaṇhamuduphalakakañcanalatāvinaddhamaṇigaṇappabhāsamudayujjalasobhaṃ sopānaṃ viya , suvaṇṇavalayanūpurādisaṅghaṭṭanasaddasammissitakathitahasitamadhurassaragehajanavicaritassa uḷārissarivibhavasobhitassa mahāgharassa sukhappavesanatthaṃ suvaṇṇarajatamaṇimuttapavāḷādijutivissaravijjotitasuppatiṭṭhitavisāladvārabāhaṃ mahādvāraṃ viya ca atthabyañjanasampannassa buddhaguṇānubhāvasaṃsūcakassa imassa suttassa sukhāvagahaṇatthaṃ kāladesadesakavatthuparisāpadesapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ nidānaṃ bhāsitaṃ , tassatthavaṇṇanā samattāti .

5. Idāni –

‘‘ mamaṃ vā , bhikkhave , pare avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyun ’’ tiādinā nayena bhagavatā nikkhittassa suttassa vaṇṇanāya okāso anuppatto .

Sā panesā suttavaṇṇanā .

Yasmā suttanikkhepaṃ vicāretvā vuccamānā pākaṭā hoti , tasmā suttanikkhepaṃ tāva vicārayissāma .

Cattāro hi suttanikkhepā – attajjhāsayo , parajjhāsayo , pucchāvasiko , aṭṭhuppattikoti .

TatthaM1.51 yāni suttāni bhagavā parehi anajjhiṭṭho kevalaṃ attano ajjhāsayeneva kathesi ;

seyyathidaṃ , ākaṅkheyyasuttaṃ , vatthasuttaṃ , mahāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ , mahāsaḷāyatanavibhaṅgasuttaṃ , ariyavaṃsasuttaṃ , sammappadhānasuttantahārako , iddhipādaindriyabalabojjhaṅgamaggaṅgasuttantahārakoti evamādīni ;

tesaṃ attajjhāsayo nikkhepo .

Yāni pana ‘‘ paripakkā kho rāhulassa vimuttiparipācaniyā dhammā ;

yaṃnūnāhaṃ rāhulaṃ uttariṃP1.51 āsavānaṃ khaye vineyyan ’’ ti ;( saṃ . ni .4.121) evaṃ paresaṃ ajjhāsayaṃ khantiṃ manaṃ abhinīhāraṃ bujjhanabhāvañca avekkhitvā parajjhāsayavasena kathitāni ;

seyyathidaṃ , cūḷarāhulovādasuttaṃ , mahārāhulovādasuttaṃ , dhammacakkappavattanaṃ , dhātuvibhaṅgasuttanti evamādīni ;

tesaṃ parajjhāsayo nikkhepo .

Bhagavantaṃ pana upasaṅkamitvā catasso parisā , cattāro vaṇṇā , nāgā , supaṇṇā , gandhabbā , asurā , yakkhā , mahārājāno , tāvatiṃsādayo devā , mahābrahmāti evamādayo –

‘‘ bojjhaṅgā bojjhaṅgā ’’ ti , bhante , vuccanti .

‘‘ Nīvaraṇā nīvaraṇā ’’ ti , bhante , vuccanti ;

‘‘ ime nu kho , bhante , pañcupādānakkhandhā ’’.

‘‘ Kiṃ sūdha vittaṃ purisassa seṭṭhan ’’ tiādinā nayena pañhaṃV1.49 pucchanti .

Evaṃ puṭṭhena bhagavatā yāni kathitāni bojjhaṅgasaṃyuttādīni , yāni vā panaññānipi devatāsaṃyutta-mārasaṃyutta-brahmasaṃyutta-sakkapañha-cūḷavedalla-mahāvedalla-sāmaññaphala-āḷavaka-sūciloma-kharalomasuttādīni ;

tesaṃ pucchāvasiko nikkhepo .

Yāni pana tāni uppannaṃ kāraṇaṃ paṭicca kathitāni , seyyathidaṃ – dhammadāyādaṃ , cūḷasīhanādaṃ , candūpamaṃ , puttamaṃsūpamaṃ , dārukkhandhūpamaṃ , aggikkhandhūpamaṃ , pheṇapiṇḍūpamaṃ , pāricchattakūpamanti evamādīni ;

tesaṃ aṭṭhuppattiko nikkhepo .

Evametesu catūsu nikkhepesu imassa suttassa aṭṭhuppattiko nikkhepo .

Aṭṭhuppattiyā hi idaṃ bhagavatā nikkhittaṃ .

Katarāya aṭṭhuppattiyā ?

Vaṇṇāvaṇṇe .

Ācariyo ratanattayassa avaṇṇaṃ abhāsi , antevāsī vaṇṇaṃ .

Iti imaṃ vaṇṇāvaṇṇaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā desanākusalo bhagavā –

‘‘ mamaṃ vā , bhikkhave , pare avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyun ’’ ti desanaṃ ārabhi .

Tattha maman tiM1.52 , sāmivacanaṃ , mamāti attho .

Vā saddo vikappanattho .

Pareti , paṭiviruddhā sattā .

Tatrāti ye avaṇṇaṃ vadanti tesu .

Na āghātotiādīhi kiñcāpi tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ āghātoyeva natthi , atha kho āyatiṃ kulaputtānaṃ īdisesupi ṭhānesu akusaluppattiṃ paṭisedhento dhammanettiṃP1.52 ṭhapeti .

Tattha āhanati cittanti ‘ āghāto ’;

kopassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ .

Appatītā honti tena atuṭṭhā asomanassikāti appaccayo ;

domanassassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ .

Neva attano na paresaṃ hitaṃ abhirādhayatīti anabhiraddhi ;

kopassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ .

Evamettha dvīhi padehi saṅkhārakkhandho , ekena vedanākkhandhoti dve khandhā vuttā .

Tesaṃ vasena sesānampi sampayuttadhammānaṃ kāraṇaṃ paṭikkhittameva .

Evaṃ paṭhamena nayena manopadosaṃ nivāretvā , dutiyena nayena tattha ādīnavaṃ dassento āha –

‘‘ tatra ce tumhe assatha kupitā vā anattamanā vā , tumhaṃ yevassa tena antarāyo ’’ ti .

Tattha ‘ tatra ce tumhe assathā ’ ti tesu avaṇṇabhāsakesu , tasmiṃ vā avaṇṇe tumhe bhaveyyātha ce ;

yadi bhaveyyāthāti attho .

‘ Kupitā ’ kopena , anattamanā domanassena .

‘ Tumhaṃ yevassa tena antarāyo ’ ti tumhākaṃyeva tena kopena , tāya ca anattamanatāya paṭhamajjhānādīnaṃ antarāyo bhaveyya .

EvaṃV1.50 dutiyena nayena ādīnavaṃ dassetvā , tatiyena nayena vacanatthasallakkhaṇamattepi asamatthataṃ dassento –

‘‘ api nu tumhe paresan ’’ tiādimāha .

Tattha paresan ti yesaṃ kesaṃ ci .

Kupito hi neva buddhapaccekabuddhaariyasāvakānaṃ , na mātāpitūnaṃ , na paccatthikānaṃ subhāsitadubbhāsitassa atthaṃ ājānāti .

Yathāha –

‘‘ Kuddho atthaṃ na jānāti , kuddho dhammaṃ na passati ;

Andhaṃ tamaṃ tadā hoti , yaṃ kodho sahate naraṃ .

Anatthajanano kodho , kodho cittappakopano ;

Bhayamantarato jātaṃ , taṃ jano nāvabujjhatī ’’ ti .( a . ni .7.64);

EvaṃM1.53 sabbathāpi avaṇṇe manopadosaṃ nisedhetvā idāni paṭipajjitabbākāraṃ dassento –

‘‘ tatra tumhehi abhūtaṃ abhūtato ’’ tiādimāha .

Tattha tatra tumhehīti , tasmiṃ avaṇṇe tumhehi .

Abhūtaṃ abhūtato nibbeṭhetabban ti yaṃ abhūtaṃ , taṃ abhūtabhāvenevaP1.53 apanetabbaṃ .

Kathaṃ ?

Itipetaṃ abhūtan tiādinā nayena .

Tatrāyaṃ yojanā –

‘‘ tumhākaṃ satthā na sabbaññū , dhammo durakkhāto , saṅgho duppaṭipanno ’’ tiādīni sutvā na tuṇhī bhavitabbaṃ .

Evaṃ pana vattabbaṃ –

‘‘ iti petaṃ abhūtaṃ , yaṃ tumhehi vuttaṃ , taṃ imināpi kāraṇena abhūtaṃ , imināpi kāraṇena atacchaṃ ,‘ natthi cetaṃ amhesu ’,‘ na ca panetaṃ amhesu saṃvijjati ’, sabbaññūyeva amhākaṃ satthā , svākkhāto dhammo , suppaṭipanno saṅgho , tatra idañcidañca kāraṇan ’’ ti .

Ettha ca dutiyaṃ padaṃ paṭhamassa , catutthañca tatiyassa vevacananti veditabbaṃ .

Idañca avaṇṇeyeva nibbeṭhanaṃ kātabbaṃ , na sabbattha .

Yadi hi ‘‘ tvaṃ dussīlo , tavācariyo dussīlo , idañcidañca tayā kataṃ , tavācariyena katan ’’ ti vutte tuṇhībhūto adhivāseti , āsaṅkanīyo hoti .

Tasmā manopadosaṃ akatvā avaṇṇo nibbeṭhetabbo .

‘‘ Oṭṭhosi , goṇosī ’’ tiādinā pana nayena dasahi akkosavatthūhi akkosantaṃ puggalaṃ ajjhupekkhitvā adhivāsanakhantiyeva tattha kātabbā .

6. Evaṃ avaṇṇabhūmiyaṃ tādilakkhaṇaṃ dassetvā idāni vaṇṇabhūmiyaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ mamaṃ vā , bhikkhave , pare vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyun ’’ tiādimāha .

Tattha pareti ye keci pasannā devamanussā .

Ānandanti etenāti ānando , pītiyā etaṃ adhivacanaṃ .

Sumanassa bhāvo somanassaṃ , cetasikasukhassetaṃV1.51 adhivacanaṃ .

Uppilāvino bhāvo uppilāvitattaṃ .

Kassa uppilāvitattanti ?

Cetasoti .

Uddhaccāvahāya uppilāpanapītiyā etaṃ adhivacanaṃ .

Idhāpi dvīhi padehi saṅkhārakkhandho , ekena vedanākkhandho vutto .

Evaṃ paṭhamanayena uppilāvitattaṃ nivāretvā , dutiyena tattha ādīnavaṃ dassento –

‘‘ tatra ce tumhe assathā ’’ tiādimāha .

Idhāpi tumhaṃ yevassa tena antarāyoti tena uppilāvitattena tumhākaṃyeva paṭhamajjhānādīnaṃM1.54 antarāyo bhaveyyāti attho veditabbo .

KasmāP1.54 panetaṃ vuttaṃ ?

Nanu bhagavatā –

‘‘ Buddhoti kittayantassa , kāye bhavati yā pīti ;

Varameva hi sā pīti , kasiṇenāpi jambudīpassa .

Dhammoti kittayantassa , kāye bhavati yā pīti ;

Varameva hi sā pīti , kasiṇenāpi jambudīpassa .

Saṅghoti kittayantassa , kāye bhavati yā pīti ;

Varameva hi sā pīti , kasiṇenāpi jambudīpassā ’’ ti ca .

‘‘ Ye , bhikkhave , buddhe pasannā , agge te pasannā ’’ ti ca evamādīhi anekasatehi suttehi ratanattaye pītisomanassameva vaṇṇitanti .

Saccaṃ vaṇṇitaṃ , taṃ pana nekkhammanissitaṃ .

Idha –

‘‘ amhākaṃ buddho , amhākaṃ dhammo ’’ tiādinā nayena āyasmato channassa uppannasadisaṃ gehassitaṃ pītisomanassaṃ adhippetaṃ .

Idañhi jhānādipaṭilābhāya antarāyakaraṃ hoti .

Tenevāyasmā channopi yāva buddho na parinibbāyi , tāva visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ nāsakkhi , parinibbānakāle paññattena pana brahmadaṇḍena tajjito taṃ pītisomanassaṃ pahāya visesaṃ nibbattesi .

Tasmā antarāyakaraṃyeva sandhāya idaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ .

Ayañhi lobhasahagatā pīti .

Lobho ca kodhasadisova .

Yathāha –

‘‘ Luddho atthaṃ na jānāti , luddho dhammaṃ na passati ;

Andhaṃ tamaṃ tadā hoti , yaṃ lobho sahate naraṃ .

AnatthajananoV1.52 lobho , lobho cittappakopano ;

Bhayamantarato jātaṃ , taṃ jano nāvabujjhatī ’’ ti .( itivu .88);

Tatiyavāro pana idha anāgatopi atthato āgato yevāti veditabbo .

Yatheva hi kuddho , evaṃ luddhopi atthaṃ na jānātīti .

Paṭipajjitabbākāradassanavāre panāyaṃ yojanā –

‘‘ tumhākaṃ satthā sabbaññū arahaṃ sammāsambuddho , dhammo svākkhāto , saṅgho suppaṭipanno ’’ tiādīni sutvā na tuṇhī bhavitabbaṃ .

Evaṃ pana paṭijānitabbaṃ –

‘‘ itipetaṃ bhūtaṃM1.55 , yaṃ tumhehi vuttaṃ , taṃ imināpi kāraṇena bhūtaṃ , imināpi kāraṇena tacchaṃ .

So hi bhagavā itipi arahaṃ , itipi sammāsambuddho ;

dhammo itipi svākkhāto , itipi sandiṭṭhikoP1.55 ;

saṅgho itipi suppaṭipanno , itipi ujuppaṭipanno ’’ ti .

‘‘ Tvaṃ sīlavā ’’ ti pucchitenāpi sace sīlavā ,‘‘ sīlavāhamasmī ’’ ti paṭijānitabbameva .

‘‘ Tvaṃ paṭhamassa jhānassa lābhī … pe … arahā ’’ ti puṭṭhenāpi sabhāgānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃyeva paṭijānitabbaṃ .

Evañhi pāpicchatā ceva parivajjitā hoti , sāsanassa ca amoghatā dīpitā hotīti .

Sesaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ .

Cūḷasīlavaṇṇanā

7. Appamattakaṃ kho panetaṃ , bhikkhaveti ko anusandhi ?

Idaṃ suttaṃ dvīhi padehi ābaddhaṃ vaṇṇena ca avaṇṇena ca .

Tattha avaṇṇo –

‘‘ iti petaṃ abhūtaṃ iti petaṃ atacchan ’’ ti , ettheva udakantaṃ patvā aggiviya nivatto .

Vaṇṇo pana bhūtaṃ bhūtato paṭijānitabbaṃ –

‘‘ iti petaṃ bhūtan ’’ ti evaṃ anuvattatiyeva .

So pana duvidho brahmadattena bhāsitavaṇṇo ca bhikkhusaṅghena acchariyaṃ āvusotiādinā nayena āraddhavaṇṇo ca .

Tesu bhikkhusaṅghena vuttavaṇṇassa upari suññatāpakāsane anusandhiṃ dassessati .

Idha pana brahmadattena vuttavaṇṇassa anusandhiṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ appamattakaṃ kho panetaṃ , bhikkhave ’’ ti desanā āraddhā .

Tattha appamattakan ti parittassa nāmaṃ .

Oramattakan ti tasseva vevacanaṃ .

Mattāti vuccati pamāṇaṃ .

Appaṃ mattā etassāti appamattakaṃ .

Oraṃ mattā etassāti oramattakaṃ .

Sīlameva sīlamattakaṃ .

Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti –

‘ appamattakaṃ kho , panetaṃ bhikkhave , oramattakaṃ sīlamattakaṃ ’ nāmaV1.53 yena ‘‘ tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadāmī ’’ ti ussāhaṃ katvāpi vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno puthujjano vadeyyāti .

Tattha siyā – nanu idaṃ sīlaṃ nāma yogino aggavibhūsanaṃ ?

Yathāhu porāṇā –

‘‘ Sīlaṃ yogissa ’ laṅkāro , sīlaṃ yogissa maṇḍanaṃ ;

Sīlehi ’ laṅkato yogī , maṇḍane aggataṃ gato ’’ ti .

BhagavatāpiM1.56 ca anekesu suttasatesu sīlaṃ mahantameva katvā kathitaṃ .

Yathāha –

‘‘ ākaṅkheyya ce , bhikkhave , bhikkhuP1.56 ‘ sabrahmacārīnaṃ piyo cassaṃ manāpo ca garu ca bhāvanīyo cā ’ ti , sīlesvevassa paripūrakārī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.65) ca .

‘‘ Kikīva aṇḍaṃ , camarīva vāladhiṃ ;

Piyaṃva puttaṃ , nayanaṃva ekakaṃ .

Tatheva sīlaṃ , anurakkhamānā ;

Supesalā hotha , sadā sagāravā ’’ ti ca .

‘‘ Na pupphagandho paṭivātameti ;

Na candanaṃ taggaramallikā vā .

Satañca gandho paṭivātameti ;

Sabbā disā sappuriso pavāyati .

Candanaṃ tagaraṃ vāpi , uppalaṃ atha vassikī ;

Etesaṃ gandhajātānaṃ , sīlagandho anuttaro .

Appamatto ayaṃ gandho , yvāyaṃ tagaracandanaṃ ;

Yo ca sīlavataṃ gandho , vāti devesu uttamo .

Tesaṃ sampannasīlānaṃ , appamādavihārinaṃ ;

Sammadaññā vimuttānaṃ , māro maggaṃ na vindatī ’’ ti ca .( dha . pa .57);

‘‘ SīleV1.54 patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño , cittaṃ paññañca bhāvayaṃ ;

Ātāpī nipako bhikkhu , so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭan ’’ ti ca .( saṃ . ni .1.23);

‘‘ Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave , ye keci bījagāmabhūtagāmā vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjanti , sabbe te pathaviṃ nissāya , pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya ;

evamete bījagāmabhūtagāmā vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjanti .

Evameva kho , bhikkhave , bhikkhu sīlaṃ nissāya sīle patiṭṭhāya sattabojjhaṅge bhāvento sattabojjhaṅge bahulīkaronto vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ pāpuṇāti dhammesū ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.150) ca .

Evaṃ aññānipi anekāni suttāni daṭṭhabbāni .

Evamanekesu suttasatesu sīlaṃ mahantameva katvā kathitaṃ .

Taṃ ‘‘ kasmāM1.57 imasmiṃ ṭhāne appamattakan ’’ ti āhāti ?

UpariP1.57 guṇe upanidhāya .

Sīlañhi samādhiṃ na pāpuṇāti , samādhi paññaṃ na pāpuṇāti , tasmā uparimaṃ upanidhāya heṭṭhimaṃ oramattakaṃ nāma hoti .

Kathaṃ sīlaṃ samādhiṃ na pāpuṇāti ?

Bhagavā hi abhisambodhito sattame saṃvacchare sāvatthinagara – dvāre kaṇḍambarukkhamūle dvādasayojane ratanamaṇḍape yojanappamāṇe ratanapallaṅke nisīditvā tiyojanike dibbasetacchatte dhāriyamāne dvādasayojanāya parisāya attādānaparidīpanaṃ titthiyamaddanaṃ –

‘‘ uparimakāyato aggikkhandho pavattati , heṭṭhimakāyato udakadhārā pavattati … pe … ekekalomakūpato aggikkhandho pavattati , ekekalomakūpato udakadhārā pavattati , channaṃ vaṇṇānan ’’ tiādinayappavattaṃ yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ dasseti .

Tassa suvaṇṇavaṇṇasarīrato suvaṇṇavaṇṇā rasmiyo uggantvā yāva bhavaggā gacchanti , sakaladasasahassacakkavāḷassa alaṅkaraṇakālo viya hoti , dutiyā dutiyā rasmiyo purimāya purimāya yamakayamakā viya ekakkhaṇe viya pavattanti .

Dvinnañca cittānaṃ ekakkhaṇe pavatti nāma natthi .

Buddhānaṃ pana bhagavantānaṃ bhavaṅgaparivāsassa lahukatāya pañcahākārehi āciṇṇavasitāya ca , tā ekakkhaṇe viya pavattanti .

Tassā tassā pana rasmiyā āvajjanaparikammādhiṭṭhānāni visuṃ visuṃyeva .

Nīlarasmiatthāya hi bhagavā nīlakasiṇaṃ samāpajjati , pītarasmiatthāya pītakasiṇaṃ , lohitaodātarasmiatthāya lohitaodātakasiṇaṃ , aggikkhandhatthāya tejokasiṇaṃ , udakadhāratthāya āpokasiṇaṃ samāpajjati .

Satthā caṅkamati , nimmito tiṭṭhati vā nisīdati vā seyyaṃ vā kappetītiV1.55 sabbaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ .

Ettha ekampi sīlassa kiccaṃ natthi , sabbaṃ samādhikiccameva .

Evaṃ sīlaṃ samādhiṃ na pāpuṇāti .

Yaṃ pana bhagavā kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni pāramiyo pūretvā , ekūnatiṃsavassakāle cakkavattisirīnivāsabhūtā bhavanā nikkhamma anomānadītīreP1.58 pabbajitvā , chabbassāni padhānayogaṃ katvā , visākhapuṇṇamāyaṃ uruvelagāme sujātāya dinnaṃ pakkhittadibbojaṃ madhupāyāsaṃ paribhuñjitvā , sāyanhasamaye dakkhiṇuttarena bodhimaṇḍaṃ pavisitvāM1.58 assatthadumarājānaṃ tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā , pubbuttarabhāge ṭhito tiṇasanthāraṃ santharitvā , tisandhipallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā , caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ mettākammaṭṭhānaṃ pubbaṅgamaṃ katvā , vīriyādhiṭṭhānaṃ adhiṭṭhāya , cuddasahatthapallaṅkavaragato suvaṇṇapīṭhe ṭhapitaṃ rajatakkhandhaṃ viya paññāsahatthaṃ bodhikkhandhaṃ piṭṭhito katvā , upari maṇichattena viya bodhisākhāya dhāriyamāno , suvaṇṇavaṇṇe cīvare pavāḷasadisesu bodhiaṅkuresu patamānesu , sūriye atthaṃ upagacchante mārabalaṃ vidhamitvā , paṭhamayāme pubbenivāsaṃ anussaritvā , majjhimayāme dibbacakkhuṃ visodhetvā , paccūsakāle sabbabuddhānamāciṇṇe paccayākāre ñāṇaṃ otāretvā , ānāpānacatutthajjhānaṃ nibbattetvā , tadeva pādakaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā , maggapaṭipāṭiyā adhigatena catutthamaggena sabbakilese khepetvā sabbabuddhaguṇe paṭivijjhi , idamassa paññākiccaṃ .

Evaṃ samādhi paññaṃ na pāpuṇāti .

Tattha yathā hatthe udakaṃ pātiyaṃ udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , pātiyaṃ udakaṃ ghaṭe udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , ghaṭe udakaṃ kolambe udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , kolambe udakaṃ cāṭiyaṃ udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , cāṭiyaṃ udakaṃ mahākumbhiyaṃ udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , mahākumbhiyaṃ udakaṃ kusobbhe udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , kusobbhe udakaṃ kandare udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , kandare udakaṃ kunnadiyaṃ udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , kunnadiyaṃ udakaṃ pañcamahānadiyaṃ udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , pañcamahānadiyaṃ udakaṃ cakkavāḷamahāsamuddeP1.59 udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , cakkavāḷamahāsamudde udakaṃ sinerupādake mahāsamudde udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti .

Pātiyaṃ udakaṃ upanidhāya hatthe udakaṃ parittaṃ … pe … sinerupādakamahāsamudde udakaṃ upanidhāya cakkavāḷamahāsamudde udakaṃ parittaṃ .

Iti uparūpari udakaṃ bahukaṃ upādāya heṭṭhā heṭṭhā udakaṃ parittaṃ hoti .

Evameva upari upari guṇe upādāya heṭṭhā heṭṭhā sīlaṃ appamattakaṃ oramattakanti veditabbaṃ .

Tenāha –

‘‘ appamattakaṃ kho panetaṃ , bhikkhave , oramattakaṃ sīlamattakan ’’ ti .

YenaV1.56 puthujjanoti , ettha –

‘‘ Duve puthujjanā vuttā , buddhenādiccabandhunā ;

Andho puthujjano eko , kalyāṇeko puthujjano ’’ ti .

TatthaM1.59 yassa khandhadhātuāyatanādīsu uggahaparipucchāsavanadhāraṇapaccavekkhaṇāni natthi , ayaṃ andhaputhujjano .

Yassa tāni atthi , so kalyāṇaputhujjano .

Duvidhopi panesa –

‘‘ Puthūnaṃ jananādīhi , kāraṇehi puthujjano ;

Puthujjanantogadhattā , puthuvāyaṃ jano iti ’’.

So hi puthūnaṃ nānappakārānaṃ kilesādīnaṃ jananādīhi kāraṇehi puthujjano .

Yathāha –

‘‘ Puthu kilese janentīti puthujjanā , puthu avihatasakkāyadiṭṭhikāti puthujjanā , puthu satthārānaṃ mukhullokikāti puthujjanā , puthu sabbagatīhi avuṭṭhitāti puthujjanā , puthu nānābhisaṅkhāre abhisaṅkharontīti puthujjanā , puthu nānāoghehi vuyhanti , puthu santāpehi santappanti , puthu pariḷāhehi pariḍayhanti , puthu pañcasu kāmaguṇesu rattā giddhā gathitā mucchitā ajjhopannā laggā laggitā palibuddhāti puthujjanā , puthu pañcahi nīvaraṇehi āvutā nivutā ovutā pihitā paṭicchannā paṭikujjitāti puthujjanā ’’ ti .

Puthūnaṃ gaṇanapathamatītānaṃ ariyadhammaparammukhānaṃ nīcadhammasamācārānaṃ janānaṃ antogadhattāpi puthujjano , puthuvāyaṃ visuṃyeva saṅkhyaṃ gato visaṃsaṭṭho sīlasutādiguṇayuttehi ariyehi janehīti puthujjanoti .

Tathāgatassāti aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā tathāgato .

Tathā āgatoti tathāgato , tathā gatoti tathāgato , tathalakkhaṇaṃP1.60 āgatoti tathāgato , tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato , tathadassitāya tathāgato , tathavāditāya tathāgato , tathākāritāya tathāgato , abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgatoti .

Kathaṃ bhagavā tathā āgatoti tathāgato ?

Yathā sabbalokahitāya ussukkamāpannā purimakā sammāsambuddhā āgatā , yathā vipassī bhagavā āgato , yathā sikhī bhagavā , yathā vessabhū bhagavā , yathā kakusandho bhagavā , yathā koṇāgamano bhagavā , yathā kassapo bhagavā āgatoV1.57 .

Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti ?

Yena abhinīhārena eteM1.60 bhagavanto āgatā , teneva amhākampi bhagavā āgato .

Atha vā yathā vipassī bhagavā … pe … yathā kassapo bhagavā dānapāramiṃ pūretvā , sīlanekkhammapaññāvīriyakhantisaccaadhiṭṭhānamettāupekkhāpāramiṃ pūretvā , imā dasa pāramiyo , dasa upapāramiyo , dasa paramatthapāramiyoti samatiṃsapāramiyo pūretvā aṅgapariccāgaṃ , nayanadhanarajjaputtadārapariccāganti ime pañca mahāpariccāge pariccajitvā pubbayogapubbacariyadhammakkhānañātatthacariyādayo pūretvā buddhicariyāya koṭiṃ patvā āgato ;

tathā amhākampi bhagavā āgato .

Atha vā yathā vipassī bhagavā … pe … kassapo bhagavā cattāro satipaṭṭhāne , cattāro sammappadhāne , cattāro iddhipāde , pañcindriyāni , pañca balāni , satta bojjhaṅge , ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bhāvetvā brūhetvā āgato , tathā amhākampi bhagavā āgato .

Evaṃ tathā āgatoti tathāgato .

‘‘ Yatheva lokamhi vipassiādayo ,

Sabbaññubhāvaṃ munayo idhāgatā ;

Tathā ayaṃ sakyamunīpi āgato ,

Tathāgato vuccati tena cakkhumā ’’ ti .

Evaṃ tathā āgatoti tathāgato .

Kathaṃ tathā gatoti tathāgato ?

Yathā sampatijāto vipassī bhagavā gato … pe … kassapo bhagavā gato .

Kathañca so bhagavā gatoP1.61 ?

So hi sampati jātova samehi pādehi pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya uttarābhimukho sattapadavītihārena gato .

Yathāha –

‘‘ sampatijāto kho , ānanda , bodhisatto samehi pādehi patiṭṭhahitvā uttarābhimukho sattapadavītihārena gacchati , setamhi chatte anudhāriyamāne sabbā ca disā anuviloketi , āsabhiṃ vācaṃ bhāsati –

‘ aggohamasmi lokassa , jeṭṭhohamasmi lokassa , seṭṭhohamasmi lokassa , ayamantimā jāti , natthidāni punabbhavo ’ ti ’’( dī . ni .2.31).

TañcassaM1.61 gamanaṃ tathaṃ ahosi ?

Avitathaṃ anekesaṃ visesādhigamānaṃ pubbanimittabhāvena .

YañhiV1.58 so sampatijātova samehi pādehi patiṭṭhahi .

Idamassa caturiddhipādapaṭilābhassa pubbanimittaṃ .

Uttarābhimukhabhāvo pana sabbalokuttarabhāvassa pubbanimittaṃ .

Sattapadavītihāro , sattabojjhaṅgaratanapaṭilābhassa .

‘‘ Suvaṇṇadaṇḍā vītipatanti cāmarā ’’ ti , ettha vuttacāmarukkhepo pana sabbatitthiyanimmaddanassa .

Setacchattadhāraṇaṃ , arahattavimuttivaravimalasetacchattapaṭilābhassa .

Sattamapadūpari ṭhatvā sabbadisānuvilokanaṃ , sabbaññutānāvaraṇañāṇapaṭilābhassa .

Āsabhivācābhāsanaṃ appaṭivattiyavaradhammacakkappavattanassa pubbanimittaṃ .

Tathā ayaṃ bhagavāpi gato , tañcassa gamanaṃ tathaṃ ahosi , avitathaṃ , tesaṃyeva visesādhigamānaṃ pubbanimittabhāvena .

Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘ Muhuttajātova gavampatī yathā ,

Samehi pādehi phusī vasundharaṃ ;

So vikkamī satta padāni gotamo ,

Setañca chattaṃ anudhārayuṃ marū .

Gantvāna so satta padāni gotamo ,

Disā vilokesi samā samantato ;

Aṭṭhaṅgupetaṃ giramabbhudīrayi ,

Sīho yathā pabbatamuddhaniṭṭhito ’’ ti .

EvaṃV1.59 tathā gatoti tathāgato .

Atha vā yathā vipassī bhagavā … pe … yathā kassapo bhagavā , ayampi bhagavā tatheva nekkhammena kāmacchandaṃ pahāya gatoP1.62 , abyāpādena byāpādaṃ , ālokasaññāya thinamiddhaṃ , avikkhepena uddhaccakukkuccaṃ , dhammavavatthānena vicikicchaṃ pahāya ñāṇena avijjaṃ padāletvā , pāmojjenaM1.62 aratiṃ vinodetvā , paṭhamajjhānena nīvaraṇakavāṭaṃ ugghāṭetvā , dutiyajjhānena vitakkavicāraṃ vūpasametvā , tatiyajjhānena pītiṃ virājetvā , catutthajjhānena sukhadukkhaṃ pahāya , ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiyā rūpasaññāpaṭighasaññānānattasaññāyo samatikkamitvā , viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiyā ākāsānañcāyatanasaññaṃ , ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattiyā viññāṇañcāyatanasaññaṃ , nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā ākiñcaññāyatanasaññaṃ samatikkamitvā gato .

Aniccānupassanāya niccasaññaṃ pahāya , dukkhānupassanāya sukhasaññaṃ , anattānupassanāya attasaññaṃ , nibbidānupassanāya nandiṃ , virāgānupassanāya rāgaṃ , nirodhānupassanāya samudayaṃ , paṭinissaggānupassanāya ādānaṃ , khayānupassanāya ghanasaññaṃ , vayānupassanāya āyūhanaṃ , vipariṇāmānupassanāya dhuvasaññaṃ , animittānupassanāya nimittaṃ , appaṇihitānupassanāya paṇidhiṃ , suññatānupassanāya abhinivesaṃ , adhipaññādhammavipassanāya sārādānābhinivesaṃ , yathābhūtañāṇadassanena sammohābhinivesaṃ , ādīnavānupassanāya ālayābhinivesaṃ , paṭisaṅkhānupassanāya appaṭisaṅkhaṃ , vivaṭṭānupassanāya saṃyogābhinivesaṃ , sotāpattimaggena diṭṭhekaṭṭhe kilese bhañjitvā , sakadāgāmimaggena oḷārike kilese pahāya , anāgāmimaggena aṇusahagate kilese samugghāṭetvā , arahattamaggena sabbakilese samucchinditvā gato .

Evampi tathā gatoti tathāgato .

Kathaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato ?

Pathavīdhātuyā kakkhaḷattalakkhaṇaṃ tathaṃ avitathaṃ .

Āpodhātuyā paggharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ .

Tejodhātuyā uṇhattalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vāyodhātuyā vitthambhanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Ākāsadhātuyā asamphuṭṭhalakkhaṇaṃ .

Viññāṇadhātuyā vijānanalakkhaṇaṃ .

RūpassaP1.63 ruppanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vedanāya vedayitalakkhaṇaṃ .

Saññāya sañjānanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Saṅkhārānaṃ abhisaṅkharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ .

Viññāṇassa vijānanalakkhaṇaṃ .

VitakkassaV1.60M1.63 abhiniropanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vicārassa anumajjanalakkhaṇaṃ pītiyā pharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sukhassa sātalakkhaṇaṃ .

Cittekaggatāya avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ .

Phassassa phusanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Saddhindriyassa adhimokkhalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vīriyindriyassa paggahalakkhaṇaṃ .

Satindriyassa upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ .

Samādhindriyassa avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ .

Paññindriyassa pajānanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Saddhābalassa assaddhiye akampiyalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vīriyabalassa kosajje , satibalassa muṭṭhassacce .

Samādhibalassa uddhacce , paññābalassa avijjāya akampiyalakkhaṇaṃ .

Satisambojjhaṅgassa upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ .

Dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa pavicayalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa paggahalakkhaṇaṃ .

Pītisambojjhaṅgassa pharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ .

Passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa vūpasamalakkhaṇaṃ .

Samādhisambojjhaṅgassa avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ .

Upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa paṭisaṅkhānalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sammādiṭṭhiyā dassanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sammāsaṅkappassa abhiniropanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sammāvācāya pariggahalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sammākammantassa samuṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sammāājīvassa vodānalakkhaṇaṃ .

SammāvāyāmassaP1.64 paggahalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sammāsatiyā upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sammāsamādhissa avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ .

Avijjāya aññāṇalakkhaṇaṃ .

Saṅkhārānaṃ cetanālakkhaṇaṃ .

Viññāṇassa vijānanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Nāmassa namanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Rūpassa ruppanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Saḷāyatanassa āyatanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Phassassa phusanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vedanāya vedayitalakkhaṇaṃ .

Taṇhāya hetulakkhaṇaṃ .

Upādānassa gahaṇalakkhaṇaṃ .

Bhavassa āyūhanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Jātiyā nibbattilakkhaṇaṃ .

Jarāya jīraṇalakkhaṇaṃ .

Maraṇassa cutilakkhaṇaṃ .

Dhātūnaṃ suññatālakkhaṇaṃ .

Āyatanānaṃ āyatanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Satipaṭṭhānānaṃ upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sammappadhānānaṃ padahanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Iddhipādānaṃ ijjhanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Indriyānaṃ adhipatilakkhaṇaṃ .

Balānaṃ akampiyalakkhaṇaṃ .

Bojjhaṅgānaṃ niyyānalakkhaṇaṃ .

Maggassa hetulakkhaṇaṃ .

SaccānaṃV1.61M1.64 tathalakkhaṇaṃ .

Samathassa avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vipassanāya anupassanālakkhaṇaṃ .

Samathavipassanānaṃ ekarasalakkhaṇaṃ .

Yuganaddhānaṃ anativattanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sīlavisuddhiyā saṃvaralakkhaṇaṃ .

Cittavisuddhiyā avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ .

Diṭṭhivisuddhiyā dassanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Khaye ñāṇassa samucchedanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Anuppāde ñāṇassa passaddhilakkhaṇaṃ .

ChandassaP1.65 mūlalakkhaṇaṃ .

Manasikārassa samuṭṭhāpanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Phassassa samodhānalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vedanāya samosaraṇalakkhaṇaṃ .

Samādhissa pamukhalakkhaṇaṃ .

Satiyā ādhipateyyalakkhaṇaṃ .

Paññāya tatuttariyalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vimuttiyā sāralakkhaṇaṃ … amatogadhassa nibbānassa pariyosānalakkhaṇaṃ tathaṃ avitathaṃ .

Evaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ ñāṇagatiyā āgato avirajjhitvā patto anuppattoti tathāgato .

Evaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato .

Kathaṃ tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato ?

Tathadhammā nāma cattāri ariyasaccāni .

Yathāha –

‘‘ cattārimāni , bhikkhave , tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni .

Katamāni cattāri ?

‘ Idaṃ dukkhan ’ ti bhikkhave , tathametaṃ avitathametaṃ anaññathametan ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.1090) vitthāro .

Tāni ca bhagavā abhisambuddho , tasmā tathānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhisambuddhattā tathāgatoti vuccati .

Abhisambuddhattho hettha gatasaddo .

Api ca jarāmaraṇassa jātipaccayasambhūtasamudāgataṭṭho tatho avitatho anaññatho … pe …, saṅkhārānaṃ avijjāpaccayasambhūtasamudāgataṭṭho tatho avitatho anaññatho … pe …, tathā avijjāya saṅkhārānaṃ paccayaṭṭho , saṅkhārānaṃ viññāṇassa paccayaṭṭho … pe …, jātiyā jarāmaraṇassa paccayaṭṭho tatho avitatho anaññatho .

Taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavā abhisambuddho , tasmāpi tathānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhisambuddhattā tathāgatoti vuccati .

Evaṃ tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato .

Kathaṃ tathadassitāya tathāgato ?

Bhagavā yaṃ sadevake loke … pe …, sadevamanussāya pajāya aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃM1.65 sattānaṃ cakkhudvāre āpāthamāgacchantaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ nāma atthi , taṃ sabbākārato jānāti passati .

Evaṃ jānatā passatā ca , tena taṃV1.62 iṭṭhāniṭṭhādivasena vā diṭṭhasutamutaviññātesu labbhamānakapadavasena vā .

‘‘ Katamaṃ taṃ rūpaṃ rūpāyatanaṃ ?

YaṃP1.66 rūpaṃ catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ upādāya vaṇṇanibhā sanidassanaṃ sappaṭighaṃ nīlaṃ pītakan ’’ tiādinā ( dha . sa .616) nayena anekehi nāmehi terasahi vārehi dvepaññāsāya nayehi vibhajjamānaṃ tathameva hoti , vitathaṃ natthi .

Esa nayo sotadvārādīsupi āpāthaṃ āgacchantesu saddādīsu .

Vuttañcetaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘ yaṃ bhikkhave , sadevakassa lokassa … pe … sadevamanussāya pajāya diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ anuvicaritaṃ manasā , tamahaṃ jānāmi .

Tamahaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ , taṃ tathāgatassa viditaṃ , taṃ tathāgato na upaṭṭhāsī ’’ ti ( a . ni .4.24).

Evaṃ tathadassitāya tathāgato .

Tattha tathadassī atthe tathāgatoti padasambhavo veditabbo .

KathaṃP1.67 tathavāditāya tathāgato ?

Yaṃ rattiṃ bhagavā bodhimaṇḍe aparājitapallaṅke nisinno tiṇṇaṃ mārānaṃ matthakaṃ madditvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho , yañca rattiṃ yamakasālānamantare anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi , etthantare pañcacattālīsavassaparimāṇe kāle paṭhamabodhiyāpi majjhimabodhiyāpi pacchimabodhiyāpi yaṃ bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ – suttaṃ , geyyaṃ … pe … vedallaṃ , taṃ sabbaṃ atthato ca byañjanato ca anupavajjaṃ , anūnamanadhikaṃ , sabbākāraparipuṇṇaṃ , rāgamadanimmadanaṃ , dosamohamadanimmadanaṃ .

Natthi tattha vālaggamattampi avakkhalitaṃ , sabbaṃ taṃ ekamuddikāya lañchitaṃ viya , ekanāḷiyā mitaṃ viya , ekatulāya tulitaṃ viya ca , tathameva hoti avitathaṃ anaññathaṃ .

Tenāha –

‘‘ yañca , cunda , rattiṃ tathāgato anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhati , yañca rattiṃ anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyati , yaṃ etasmiṃ antare bhāsati lapati niddisati , sabbaṃ taṃ tatheva hoti , no aññathā .

Tasmā ‘ tathāgato ’ ti vuccatī ’’ ti ( a . ni .4.23).

Gadattho hettha gatasaddo .

Evaṃ tathavāditāya tathāgato .

ApiM1.66 ca āgadanaṃ āgado , vacananti attho .

Tayo aviparīto āgado assāti , da-kārassa ta-kāraṃ katvā tathāgatoti evametasmiṃ atthe padasiddhi veditabbā .

Kathaṃ tathākāritāya tathāgato ?

Bhagavato hi vācāya kāyo anulometi , kāyassapi vācā , tasmā yathāvādī tathākārī , yathākārī tathāvādī ca hoti .

Evaṃbhūtassa cassa yathāvācā , kāyopi tathā gato pavattoti attho .

Yathā ca kāyo , vācāpi tathā gatā pavattāti tathāgato .

Tenevāha –

‘‘ yathāvādī , bhikkhave , tathāgato tathākārī , yathākārī tathāvādīV1.63 .

Iti yathāvādī tathākārī yathākārī tathāvādī .

Tasmā ‘ tathāgato ’ ti vuccatī ’’ ti ( a . ni .4.23).

Evaṃ tathākāritāya tathāgato .

Kathaṃ abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgato ?

Upari bhavaggaṃ heṭṭhā avīciṃ pariyantaṃ katvā tiriyaṃ aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu sabbasatte abhibhavati sīlenapi samādhināpi paññāyapi vimuttiyāpi , vimuttiñāṇadassanenapi na tassa tulā vā pamāṇaṃ vā atthi ;

atulo appameyyo anuttaro rājātirājā devadevo sakkānaṃ atisakko brahmānaṃ atibrahmā .

Tenāha –

‘‘ sadevake , bhikkhave , loke … pe … sadevamanussāya pajāya tathāgato abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī , tasmā ‘ tathāgato ’ ti vuccatī ’’ ti .

Tatrevaṃ padasiddhi veditabbā .

Agado viya agado .

Ko panesa ?

Desanāvilāsamayo ceva puññussayo ca .

Tena hesa mahānubhāvo bhisakko dibbāgadena sappe viya sabbaparappavādino sadevakañca lokaṃ abhibhavati .

Iti sabbālokābhibhavane tatho aviparīto desanāvilāsamayo ceva puññussayo ca agado assāti .

Da-kārassa ta-kāraṃ katvā tathāgatoti veditabbo .

Evaṃ abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgato .

Api ca tathāya gatotipi tathāgato , tathaṃ gatotipi tathāgato .

Gatoti avagato , atīto patto paṭipannoti attho .

TatthaM1.67 sakalalokaṃ tīraṇapariññāya tathāya gato avagatoti tathāgato .

Lokasamudayaṃ pahānapariññāya tathāya gato atītoti tathāgato .

Lokanirodhaṃ sacchikiriyāya tathāya gato pattoti tathāgato .

Lokanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ tathaṃ gato paṭipannoti tathāgato .

TenaP1.68 vuttaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘ Loko , bhikkhave , tathāgatena abhisambuddho , lokasmā tathāgato visaṃyutto .

Lokasamudayo , bhikkhave , tathāgatena abhisambuddho , lokasamudayo tathāgatassa pahīno .

Lokanirodho , bhikkhave , tathāgatena abhisambuddho , lokanirodho tathāgatassa sacchikato .

Lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadā , bhikkhave , tathāgatena abhisambuddhā , lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadā tathāgatassa bhāvitā .

Yaṃ bhikkhave , sadevakassa lokassa … pe … sabbaṃ taṃ tathāgatena abhisambuddhaṃ .

Tasmā , tathāgatoti vuccatī ’’ ti ( a . ni .4.23).

TassapiV1.64 evaṃ attho veditabbo .

Idampi ca tathāgatassa tathāgatabhāvadīpane mukhamattameva .

Sabbākārena pana tathāgatova tathāgatassa tathāgatabhāvaṃ vaṇṇeyya .

Katamañca taṃ bhikkhaveti yena appamattakena oramattakena sīlamattakena puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya , taṃ katamanti pucchati ?

Tattha pucchā nāma adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā , diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā , vimaticchedanā pucchā , anumatipucchā , kathetukamyatā pucchāti pañcavidhā hoti .

Tattha katamā adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā ?

Pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ aññātaṃ hoti , adiṭṭhaṃ atulitaṃ atīritaṃ avibhūtaṃ avibhāvitaṃ , tassa ñāṇāya dassanāya tulanāya tīraṇāya vibhāvanāya pañhaṃ pucchati , ayaṃ adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā .

Katamā diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā ?

Pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ ñātaṃ hoti , diṭṭhaṃ tulitaṃ tīritaṃ vibhūtaṃ vibhāvitaṃ , tassa aññehi paṇḍitehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati , ayaṃ diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā .

KatamāM1.68 vimaticchedanā pucchā ?

Pakatiyā saṃsayapakkhando hoti , vimatipakkhando , dveḷhakajāto ,‘‘ evaṃ nu kho , na nu kho , kinnu kho , kathaṃ nu kho ’’ ti .

So vimaticchedanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati .

Ayaṃ vimaticchedanā pucchā .

Katamā anumatipucchā ?

Bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ anumatiyā pañhaṃ pucchati –

‘‘ taṃ kiṃ maññatha , bhikkhave , rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā ’’ ti .

Aniccaṃ , bhante .

Yaṃ panāniccaṃP1.69 , dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vāti ?

Dukkhaṃ bhanteti ( mahāva .21) sabbaṃ vattabbaṃ , ayaṃ anumatipucchā .

Katamā kathetukamyatā pucchā ?

Bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ kathetukamyatāya pañhaṃ pucchati .

Cattārome , bhikkhave , satipaṭṭhānā .

Katame cattāro ?

… Pe … aṭṭhime bhikkhave maggaṅgā .

Katame aṭṭhāti , ayaṃ kathetukamyatā pucchā .

Iti imāsu pañcasu pucchāsu adiṭṭhassa tāva kassaci dhammassa abhāvato tathāgatassa adiṭṭhajotanāV1.65 pucchā natthi .

‘‘ Idaṃ nāma aññehi paṇḍitehi samaṇabrāhmaṇehi saddhiṃ saṃsanditvā desessāmī ’’ ti samannāhārasseva anuppajjanato diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchāpi natthi .

Yasmā pana buddhānaṃ ekadhammepi āsappanā parisappanā natthi , bodhimaṇḍeyeva sabbā kaṅkhā chinnā ;

tasmā vimaticchedanā pucchāpi natthiyeva .

Avasesā pana dve pucchā buddhānaṃ atthi , tāsu ayaṃ kathetukamyatā pucchā nāma .

8. Idāni taṃ kathetukamyatāya pucchāya pucchitamatthaṃ kathetuṃ ‘‘ pāṇātipātaṃ pahāyā ’’ tiādimāha .

Tattha pāṇassa atipāto pāṇātipāto , pāṇavadho , pāṇaghātoti vuttaṃ hoti .

Pāṇoti cettha vohārato satto , paramatthato jīvitindriyaṃ , tasmiṃ pana pāṇe pāṇasaññino jīvitindriyupacchedakaupakkamasamuṭṭhāpikā kāyavacīdvārānaṃ aññataradvārappavattā vadhakacetanā pāṇātipāto .

So guṇavirahitesu tiracchānagatādīsu pāṇesu khuddake pāṇe appasāvajjo , mahāsarīre mahāsāvajjo , kasmā ?

Payogamahantatāya .

Payogasamattepi vatthumahantatāya .

Guṇavantesu manussādīsu appaguṇe pāṇe appasāvajjo , mahāguṇe mahāsāvajjo .

Sarīraguṇānaṃ pana samabhāve sati kilesānaṃ upakkamānañca mudutāya appasāvajjo , tibbatāya mahāsāvajjoti veditabbo .

TassaM1.69 pañca sambhārā honti – pāṇo , pāṇasaññitā , vadhakacittaṃ , upakkamo , tena maraṇantiP1.70 .

Cha payogā – sāhatthiko , āṇattiko , nissaggiyo , thāvaro , vijjāmayo , iddhimayoti .

Imasmiṃ panatthe vitthāriyamāne ativiya papañco hoti , tasmā taṃ na vitthārayāma , aññañca evarūpaṃ .

Atthikehi pana samantapāsādikaṃ vinayaṭṭhakathaṃ oloketvā gahetabbaṃ .

Pahāyāti imaṃ pāṇātipātacetanāsaṅkhātaṃ dussīlyaṃ pajahitvā .

Paṭiviratoti pahīnakālato paṭṭhāya tato dussīlyato orato viratova .

Natthi tassa vītikkamissāmīti cakkhusotaviññeyyā dhammā pageva kāyikāti imināva nayena aññesupi evarūpesu padesu attho veditabbo .

Samaṇoti bhagavā samitapāpatāya laddhavohāro .

Gotamoti gottavasena .

Na kevalañca bhagavāyevaV1.66 pāṇātipātā paṭivirato , bhikkhusaṅghopi paṭivirato , desanā pana ādito paṭṭhāya evaṃ āgatā , atthaṃ pana dīpentena bhikkhusaṅghavasenāpi dīpetuṃ vaṭṭati .

Nihitadaṇḍo nihitasatthoti parūpaghātatthāya daṇḍaṃ vā satthaṃ vā ādāya avattanato nikkhittadaṇḍo ceva nikkhittasattho cāti attho .

Ettha ca ṭhapetvā daṇḍaṃ sabbampi avasesaṃ upakaraṇaṃ sattānaṃ viheṭhanabhāvato satthanti veditabbaṃ .

Yaṃ pana bhikkhū kattaradaṇḍaṃ vā dantakaṭṭhaṃ vā vāsiṃ pipphalikaṃ vā gahetvā vicaranti , na taṃ parūpaghātatthāya .

Tasmā nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho tveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati .

Lajjīti pāpajigucchanalakkhaṇāya lajjāya samannāgato .

Dayāpannoti dayaṃ mettacittataṃ āpanno .

Sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampīti ;

sabbe pāṇabhūte hitena anukampako .

Tāya dayāpannatāya sabbesaṃ pāṇabhūtānaṃ hitacittakoti attho .

Viharatīti iriyati yapeti yāpeti pāletiM1.70 .

Iti vā hi , bhikkhaveti evaṃ vā bhikkhave .

Vā saddo upari ‘‘ adinnādānaṃP1.71 pahāyā ’’ tiādīni apekkhitvā vikappattho vutto , evaṃ sabbattha purimaṃ vā pacchimaṃ vā apekkhitvā vikappabhāvo veditabbo .

Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepo – bhikkhave , puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno evaṃ vadeyya –

‘‘ samaṇo gotamo pāṇaṃ na hanati , na ghāteti , na tattha samanuñño hoti , virato imasmā dussīlyā ;

aho , vata re buddhaguṇā mahantā ’’ ti , iti mahantaṃ ussāhaṃ katvā vaṇṇaṃ vattukāmopi appamattakaṃ oramattakaṃ ācārasīlamattakameva vakkhati .

Upari asādhāraṇabhāvaṃ nissāya vaṇṇaṃ vattuṃ na sakkhissati .

Na kevalañca puthujjanova sotāpannasakadāgāmianāgāmiarahantopi paccekabuddhāpi na sakkontiyeva ;

tathāgatoyeva pana sakkoti , taṃ vo upari vakkhāmīti , ayamettha sādhippāyā atthavaṇṇanā .

Ito paraṃ pana apubbapadameva vaṇṇayissāma .

Adinnādānaṃ pahāyāti ettha adinnassa ādānaṃ adinnādānaṃ , parasaṃharaṇaṃ , theyyaṃ , corikāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Tattha adinnan ti parapariggahitaṃ , yattha paro yathākāmakāritaṃ āpajjanto adaṇḍāraho anupavajjo ca hoti .

Tasmiṃ parapariggahite parapariggahitasaññino , tadādāyakaupakkamasamuṭṭhāpikā theyyacetanā adinnādānaṃ .

Taṃ hīne parasantake appasāvajjaṃ , paṇīte mahāsāvajjaṃ , kasmā ?

Vatthupaṇītatāya .

Vatthusamatte sati guṇādhikānaṃ santake vatthusmiṃ mahāsāvajjaṃV1.67 .

Taṃ taṃ guṇādhikaṃ upādāya tato tato hīnaguṇassa santake vatthusmiṃ appasāvajjaṃ .

Tassa pañca sambhārā honti – parapariggahitaṃ , parapariggahitasaññitā , theyyacittaṃ , upakkamo , tena haraṇanti .

Cha payogā – sāhatthikādayova .

Te ca kho yathānurūpaṃ theyyāvahāro , pasayhāvahāro , paṭicchannāvahāro , parikappāvahāro , kusāvahāroti imesaṃ avahārānaṃ vasena pavattā , ayamettha saṅkhepo .

Vitthāro pana samantapāsādikāyaṃ vutto .

DinnamevaP1.72M1.71 ādiyatīti dinnādāyī .

Cittenapi dinnameva paṭikaṅkhatīti dinnapāṭikaṅkhī .

Thenetīti theno .

Na thenena athenena .

Athenattāyeva sucibhūtena .

Attanāti attabhāvena .

Athenaṃ sucibhūtaṃ attānaṃ katvā viharatīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Sesaṃ paṭhamasikkhāpade vuttanayeneva yojetabbaṃ .

Yathā ca idha , evaṃ sabbattha .

Abrahmacariyan ti aseṭṭhacariyaṃ .

Brahmaṃ seṭṭhaṃ ācāraṃ caratīti brahmacārī .

Ārācārīti abrahmacariyato dūracārī .

Methunāti rāgapariyuṭṭhānavasena sadisattā methunakāti laddhavohārehi paṭisevitabbato methunāti saṅkhyaṃ gatā asaddhammā .

Gāmadhammāti gāmavāsīnaṃ dhammā .

9. Musāvādaṃ pahāyāti ettha musāti visaṃvādanapurekkhārassa atthabhañjanako vacīpayogo kāyapayogo , vā visaṃvādanādhippāyena panassa paravisaṃvādakakāyavacīpayogasamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā musāvādo .

Aparo nayo ,‘ musā ’ ti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ vatthu .

‘ Vādo ’ ti tassa bhūtato tacchato viññāpanaṃ .

Lakkhaṇato pana atathaṃ vatthuṃ tathato paraṃ viññāpetukāmassa tathāviññattisamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā musāvādo .

So yamatthaṃ bhañjati , tassa appatāya appasāvajjo , mahantatāya mahāsāvajjo .

Api ca gahaṭṭhānaṃ attano santakaṃ adātukāmatāya natthītiādinayappavatto appasāvajjo , sakkhinā hutvā atthabhañjanatthaṃ vutto mahāsāvajjo , pabbajitānaṃ appakampi telaṃ vā sappiṃ vā labhitvā hasādhippāyena –

‘‘ ajja gāme telaṃ nadī maññe sandatī ’’ ti pūraṇakathānayenaV1.68 pavatto appasāvajjo , adiṭṭhaṃyeva pana diṭṭhantiādinā nayena vadantānaṃ mahāsāvajjo .

Tassa cattāro sambhārā honti – atathaṃ vatthu , visaṃvādanacittaṃ , tajjo vāyāmo , parassa tadatthavijānananti .

Eko payogo sāhatthikova .

So kāyena vā kāyapaṭibaddhena vā vācāyaP1.73 vā paravisaṃvādanakiriyākaraṇena daṭṭhabbo .

Tāya ce kiriyāya paro tamatthaṃ jānāti , ayaṃ kiriyasamuṭṭhāpikacetanākkhaṇeyeva musāvādakammunā bajjhati .

YasmāM1.72 pana yathā kāyakāyapaṭibaddhavācāhi paraṃ visaṃvādeti , tathā ‘‘ idamassa bhaṇāhī ’’ ti āṇāpentopi paṇṇaṃ likhitvā purato nissajjantopi ,‘‘ ayamattho evaṃ daṭṭhabbo ’’ ti kuḍḍādīsu likhitvā ṭhapentopi .

Tasmā ettha āṇattikanissaggiyathāvarāpi payogā yujjanti , aṭṭhakathāsu pana anāgatattā vīmaṃsitvā gahetabbā .

Saccaṃ vadatīti saccavādī .

Saccena saccaṃ sandahati ghaṭetīti saccasandho .

Na antarantarā musā vadatīti attho .

Yo hi puriso kadāci musā vadati , kadāci saccaṃ , tassa musāvādena antaritattā saccaṃ saccena na ghaṭīyati ;

tasmā so na saccasandho .

Ayaṃ pana na tādiso , jīvitahetupi musā avatvā saccena saccaṃ sandahati yevāti saccasandho .

Thetoti thiro thirakathoti attho .

Eko hi puggalo haliddirāgo viya , thusarāsimhi nikhātakhāṇu viya , assapiṭṭhe ṭhapitakumbhaṇḍamiva ca na thirakatho hoti , eko pāsāṇalekhā viya , indakhīlo viya ca thirakatho hoti , asinā sīsaṃ chindantepi dve kathā na katheti , ayaṃ vuccati theto .

Paccayikoti pattiyāyitabbako , saddhāyitabbakoti attho .

Ekacco hi puggalo na paccayiko hoti ,‘‘ idaṃ kena vuttaṃ , asukenā ’’ ti vutte ‘‘ mā tassa vacanaṃ saddahathā ’’ ti vattabbataṃ āpajjati .

Eko paccayiko hoti ,‘‘ idaṃ kena vuttaṃ , asukenā ’’ ti vutte ‘‘ yadi tena vuttaṃ , idameva pamāṇaṃ , idāni upaparikkhitabbaṃ natthi , evameva idan ’’ ti vattabbataṃ āpajjati , ayaṃ vuccati paccayiko .

Avisaṃvādako lokassāti tāya saccavāditāya lokaṃ na visaṃvādetīti attho .

PisuṇaṃV1.69 vācaṃ pahāyātiādīsu yāya vācāya yassa taṃ vācaṃP1.74 bhāsati , tassa hadaye attano piyabhāvaṃ , parassa ca suññabhāvaṃ karoti , sā pisuṇā vācā .

Yāya pana attānampi parampi pharusaṃ karoti , yā vācā sayampi pharusā , neva kaṇṇasukhā na hadayaṅgamā , ayaṃ pharusā vācā .

YenaM1.73 samphaṃ palapati niratthakaṃ , so samphappalāpo .

Tesaṃ mūlabhūtā cetanāpi pisuṇavācādināmeva labhati , sā eva ca idhādhippetāti .

Tattha saṃkiliṭṭhacittassa paresaṃ vā bhedāya attano piyakamyatāya vā kāyavacīpayogasamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā pisuṇavācā .

Sā yassa bhedaṃ karoti , tassa appaguṇatāya appasāvajjā , mahāguṇatāya mahāsāvajjā .

Tassā cattāro sambhārā – bhinditabbo paro ,‘‘ iti ime nānā bhavissanti , vinā bhavissantī ’’ ti bhedapurekkhāratā vā ,‘‘ iti ahaṃ piyo bhavissāmi vissāsiko ’’ ti piyakamyatā vā , tajjo vāyāmo , tassa tadatthavijānananti .

Imesaṃ bhedāyāti , yesaṃ itoti vuttānaṃ santike sutaṃ tesaṃ bhedāya .

Bhinnānaṃ vā sandhātāti dvinnaṃ mittānaṃ vā samānupajjhāyakādīnaṃ vā kenacideva kāraṇena bhinnānaṃ ekamekaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘ tumhākaṃ īdise kule jātānaṃ evaṃ bahussutānaṃ idaṃ na yuttan ’’ tiādīni vatvā sandhānaṃ kattā anukattā .

Anuppadātāti sandhānānuppadātā .

Dve jane samagge disvā –

‘‘ tumhākaṃ evarūpe kule jātānaṃ evarūpehi guṇehi samannāgatānaṃ anucchavikametan ’’ tiādīni vatvā daḷhīkammaṃ kattāti attho .

Samaggo ārāmo assāti samaggārāmo .

Yattha samaggā natthi , tattha vasitumpi na icchatīti attho .

Samaggarāmotipi pāḷi , ayamevettha attho .

Samaggaratoti samaggesu rato , te pahāya aññattha gantumpi na icchatīti attho .

Samagge disvāpi sutvāpi nandatīti samagganandī , samaggakaraṇiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitāti yā vācā satte samaggeyeva karotiP1.75 , taṃ sāmaggiguṇaparidīpikameva vācaṃ bhāsati , na itaranti .

ParassaV1.70 mammacchedakakāyavacīpayogasamuṭṭhāpikā ekantapharusacetanā pharusāvācā .

Tassā āvibhāvatthamidaṃ vatthu – eko kira dārako mātuvacanaṃ anādiyitvā araññaṃ gacchati , taṃ mātā nivattetumasakkontī –

‘‘ caṇḍā taṃ mahiṃsī anubandhatū ’’ ti akkosi .

Athassa tatheva araññe mahiṃsīM1.74 uṭṭhāsi .

Dārako ‘‘ yaṃ mama mātā mukhena kathesi , taṃ mā hotu , yaṃ cittena cintesi taṃ hotū ’’ ti , saccakiriyamakāsi .

Mahiṃsī tattheva baddhā viya aṭṭhāsi .

Evaṃ mammacchedakopi payogo cittasaṇhatāya na pharusā vācā hoti .

Mātāpitaro hi kadāci puttake evaṃ vadanti –

‘‘ corā vo khaṇḍākhaṇḍaṃ karontū ’’ ti , uppalapattampi ca nesaṃ upari patantaṃ na icchanti .

Ācariyupajjhāyā ca kadāci nissitake evaṃ vadanti –

‘‘ kiṃ ime ahirīkā anottappino caranti , niddhamatha ne ’’ ti , atha ca nesaṃ āgamādhigamasampattiṃ icchanti .

Yathā ca cittasaṇhatāya pharusā vācā na hoti , evaṃ vacanasaṇhatāya apharusā vācā na hoti .

Na hi mārāpetukāmassa –

‘‘ imaṃ sukhaṃ sayāpethā ’’ ti vacanaṃ apharusā vācā hoti , cittapharusatāya panesā pharusā vācāva .

Sā yaṃ sandhāya pavattitā , tassa appaguṇatāya appasāvajjā , mahāguṇatāya mahāsāvajjā .

Tassā tayo sambhārā – akkositabbo paro , kupitacittaṃ , akkosanāti .

Nelāti elaṃ vuccati doso , nāssā elanti nelā , niddosāti attho .

‘‘ Nelaṅgo setapacchādo ’’ ti ,( udā .65) ettha vuttanelaṃ viya .

Kaṇṇasukhāti byañjanamadhuratāya kaṇṇānaṃ sukhā , sūcivijjhanaṃ viya kaṇṇasūlaṃ na janeti .

Atthamadhuratāya sakalasarīre kopaṃ ajanetvā pemaṃ janetīti pemanīyā .

Hadayaṃ gacchati , appaṭihaññamānā sukhena cittaṃ pavisatīti hadayaṅgamā .

Guṇaparipuṇṇatāya pure bhavāti porī pure saṃvaḍḍhanārīP1.76 viya sukumārātipi porī .

Purassa esātipi porī .

Nagaravāsīnaṃ kathāti attho .

Nagaravāsino hi yuttakathā honti .

Pitimattaṃ pitāti vadanti , bhātimattaṃ bhātāti vadanti , mātimattaṃ mātāti vadanti .

Evarūpī kathā bahuno janassa kantā hotīti bahujanakantā .

Kantabhāveneva bahuno janassa manāpā cittavuḍḍhikarāti bahujanamanāpā .

Anatthaviññāpikā kāyavacīpayogasamuṭṭhāpikā akusalacetanā samphappalāpo .

So āsevanamandatāya appasāvajjo , āsevanamahantatāya mahāsāvajjo , tassa dve sambhārā – bhāratayuddhasītāharaṇādiniratthakakathāpurekkhāratā , tathārūpī kathā kathanañca .

KālenaM1.75 vadatīti kālavādī vattabbayuttakālaṃ sallakkhetvā vadatīti attho .

Bhūtaṃ tathaṃ tacchaṃV1.71 sabhāvameva vadatīti bhūtavādī .

Diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikatthasannissitameva katvā vadatīti atthavādī .

Navalokuttaradhammasannissitaṃ katvā vadatīti dhammavādī saṃvaravinayapahānavinayasannissitaṃ katvā vadatīti vinayavādī .

Nidhānaṃ vuccati ṭhapanokāso , nidhānamassā atthīti nidhānavatī .

Hadaye nidhātabbayuttakaṃ vācaṃ bhāsitāti attho .

Kālenāti evarūpiṃ bhāsamānopi ca –

‘‘ ahaṃ nidhānavatiṃ vācaṃ bhāsissāmī ’’ ti na akālena bhāsati , yuttakālaṃ pana apekkhitvāva bhāsatīti attho .

Sāpadesan ti saupamaṃ , sakāraṇanti attho .

Pariyantavatin ti paricchedaṃ dassetvā yathāssā paricchedo paññāyati , evaṃ bhāsatīti attho .

Atthasaṃhitan tiP1.77 anekehipi nayehi vibhajantena pariyādātuṃ asakkuṇeyyatāya atthasampannaṃ bhāsati .

Yaṃ vā so atthavādī atthaṃ vadati , tena atthena sahitattā atthasaṃhitaṃ vācaṃ bhāsati , na aññaṃ nikkhipitvā aññaṃ bhāsatīti vuttaṃ hoti .

10. Bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhāti mūlabījaṃ khandhabījaṃ phaḷubījaṃ aggabījaṃ bījabījanti pañcavidhassa bījagāmassa ceva , yassa kassaci nīlatiṇarukkhādikassa bhūtagāmassa ca samārambhā , chedanabhedanapacanādibhāvena vikopanā paṭiviratoti attho .

Ekabhattikoti pātarāsabhattaṃ sāyamāsabhattanti dve bhattāni , tesu pātarāsabhattaṃ antomajjhanhikena paricchinnaṃ , itaraṃ majjhanhikato uddhaṃ anto aruṇena .

Tasmā antomajjhanhike dasakkhattuṃ bhuñjamānopi ekabhattikova hoti .

Taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘ ekabhattiko ’’ ti .

Rattiyā bhojanaṃ ratti , tato uparatoti rattūparato .

Atikkante majjhanhike yāva sūriyatthaṅgamanā bhojanaṃ vikālabhojanaṃ nāma .

Tato viratattā virato vikālabhojanā .

Kadā virato ?

Anomānadītīre pabbajitadivasato paṭṭhāya .

Sāsanassa ananulomattā visūkaṃ paṭāṇībhūtaṃ dassananti visūkadassanaṃ .

Attanā naccananaccāpanādivasena naccā ca gītā ca vāditā ca antamasoM1.76 mayūranaccādivasenapi pavattānaṃ naccādīnaṃ visūkabhūtā dassanā cāti naccagītavāditavisūkadassanā .

Naccādīni hi attanāV1.72 payojetuṃ vā parehi payojāpetuṃ vā payuttāni passituṃ vā neva bhikkhūnaṃ na bhikkhunīnañca vaṭṭanti .

Mālādīsu mālāti yaṃ kiñci pupphaṃ .

Gandhan ti yaṃ kiñci gandhajātaṃ .

Vilepanan ti chavirāgakaraṇaṃ .

Tattha piḷandhanto dhāreti nāma , ūnaṭṭhānaṃ pūrento maṇḍeti nāma , gandhavasena chavirāgavasena ca sādiyanto vibhūseti nāma .

Ṭhānaṃ vuccati kāraṇaṃ .

Tasmā yāyaP1.78 dussīlyacetanāya tāni mālādhāraṇādīni mahājano karoti , tato paṭiviratoti attho .

Uccāsayanaṃ vuccati pamāṇātikkantaṃ .

Mahāsayanan ti akappiyapaccattharaṇaṃ .

Tato viratoti attho .

Jātarūpan ti suvaṇṇaṃ .

Rajatan ti kahāpaṇo , lohamāsako , jatumāsako , dārumāsakoti ye vohāraṃ gacchanti .

Tassa ubhayassāpi paṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato , neva naṃ uggaṇhāti , na uggaṇhāpeti , na upanikkhittaṃ sādiyatīti attho .

Āmakadhaññapaṭiggahaṇāti , sālivīhiyavagodhūmakaṅguvarakakudrūsakasaṅkhātassa sattavidhassāpi āmakadhaññassa paṭiggahaṇā .

Na kevalañca etesaṃ paṭiggahaṇameva , āmasanampi bhikkhūnaṃ na vaṭṭatiyeva .

Āmakamaṃsapaṭiggahaṇāti ettha aññatra odissa anuññātā āmakamaṃsamacchānaṃ paṭiggahaṇameva bhikkhūnaṃ na vaṭṭati , no āmasanaṃ .

Itthikumārikapaṭiggahaṇāti ettha itthīti purisantaragatā , itarā kumārikā nāma , tāsaṃ paṭiggahaṇampi āmasanampi akappiyameva .

Dāsidāsapaṭiggahaṇāti ettha dāsidāsavaseneva tesaṃ paṭiggahaṇaṃ na vaṭṭati .

‘‘ Kappiyakārakaṃ dammi , ārāmikaṃ dammī ’’ ti evaṃ vutte pana vaṭṭati .

Ajeḷakādīsu khettavatthupariyosānesu kappiyākappiyanayo vinayavasena upaparikkhitabbo .

Tattha khettaṃ nāma yasmiṃ pubbaṇṇaṃ ruhati .

Vatthu nāma yasmiṃ aparaṇṇaṃ ruhati .

Yattha vā ubhayampi ruhati , taṃ khettaṃ .

TadatthāyaM1.77 akatabhūmibhāgo vatthu .

Khettavatthusīsena cettha vāpitaḷākādīnipi saṅgahitāneva .

DūteyyaṃV1.73 vuccati dūtakammaṃ , gihīnaṃ pahitaṃ paṇṇaṃ vā sāsanaṃ vā gahetvā tattha tattha gamanaṃ .

Pahiṇagamanaṃ vuccati gharā gharaṃ pesitassa khuddakagamanaṃ .

Anuyogo nāma tadubhayakaraṇaṃ .

Tasmā dūteyyapahiṇagamanānaṃ anuyogāti .

Evamettha attho veditabbo .

Kayavikkayāti kayā ca vikkayā ca .

TulākūṭādīsuP1.79 kūṭan ti vañcanaṃ .

Tattha tulākūṭaṃ nāma rūpakūṭaṃ aṅgakūṭaṃ , gahaṇakūṭaṃ , paṭicchannakūṭanti catubbidhaṃ hoti .

Tattha rūpakūṭaṃ nāma dve tulā samarūpā katvā gaṇhanto mahatiyā gaṇhāti , dadanto khuddikāya deti .

Aṅgakūṭaṃ nāma gaṇhanto pacchābhāge hatthena tulaṃ akkamati , dadanto pubbabhāge .

Gahaṇakūṭaṃ nāma gaṇhanto mūle rajjuṃ gaṇhāti , dadanto agge .

Paṭicchannakūṭaṃ nāma tulaṃ susiraṃ katvā anto ayacuṇṇaṃ pakkhipitvā gaṇhanto taṃ pacchābhāge karoti , dadanto aggabhāge .

Kaṃso vuccati suvaṇṇapāti , tāya vañcanaṃ kaṃsakūṭaṃ .

Kathaṃ ?

Ekaṃ suvaṇṇapātiṃ katvā aññā dve tisso lohapātiyo suvaṇṇavaṇṇe karoti , tato janapadaṃ gantvā kiñcideva aḍḍhaṃ kulaṃ pavisitvā –

‘‘ suvaṇṇabhājanāni kiṇathā ’’ ti vatvā agghe pucchite samagghataraṃ dātukāmā honti .

Tato tehi –

‘‘ kathaṃ imesaṃ suvaṇṇabhāvo jānitabbo ’’ ti vutte ,‘‘ vīmaṃsitvā gaṇhathā ’’ ti suvaṇṇapātiṃ pāsāṇe ghaṃsitvā sabbā pātiyo datvā gacchati .

Mānakūṭaṃ nāma hadayabhedasikhābhedarajjubhedavasena tividhaṃ hoti .

Tattha hadayabhedo sappitelādiminanakāle labbhati .

Tāni hi gaṇhanto heṭṭhāchiddena mānena –

‘‘ saṇikaṃ āsiñcā ’’ ti vatvā antobhājane bahuṃ paggharāpetvā gaṇhāti , dadanto chiddaṃ pidhāya sīghaṃ pūretvā deti .

Sikhābhedo tilataṇḍulādiminanakāle labbhati .

Tāni hi gaṇhanto saṇikaṃ sikhaṃ ussāpetvā gaṇhāti , dadanto vegena pūretvā sikhaṃ chindanto deti .

RajjubhedoM1.78 khettavatthuminanakāle labbhati .

Lañjaṃ alabhantā hi khettaṃ amahantampi mahantaṃ katvā minanti .

Ukkoṭanādīsu ukkoṭanan ti assāmike sāmike kātuṃ lañjaggahaṇaṃ .

Vañcanan ti tehi tehi upāyehi paresaṃ vañcanaṃ .

Tatridamekaṃ vatthu – eko kira luddako migañca migapotakañca gahetvāV1.74 āgacchatiP1.80 , tameko dhutto –

‘‘ kiṃ bho , migo agghati , kiṃ migapotako ’’ ti āha .

‘‘ Migo dve kahāpaṇe , migapotako ekan ’’ ti ca vutte ekaṃ kahāpaṇaṃ datvā migapotakaṃ gahetvā thokaṃ gantvā nivatto –

‘‘ na me bho , migapotakena attho , migaṃ me dehī ’’ ti āha .

Tena hi – dve kahāpaṇe dehīti .

So āha –

‘‘ nanu te bho , mayā paṭhamaṃ eko kahāpaṇo dinno ’’ ti ?

‘‘ Āma , dinno ’’ ti .

‘‘ Idaṃ migapotakaṃ gaṇha , evaṃ so ca kahāpaṇo , ayañca kahāpaṇagghanako migapotakoti dve kahāpaṇā bhavissantī ’’ ti .

So ‘‘ kāraṇaṃ vadatī ’’ ti sallakkhetvā migapotakaṃ gahetvā migaṃ adāsīti .

Nikatīti yogavasena vā māyāvasena vā apāmaṅgaṃ pāmaṅganti , amaṇiṃ maṇinti , asuvaṇṇaṃ suvaṇṇanti katvā patirūpakena vañcanaṃ .

Sāciyogoti kuṭilayogo , etesaṃyeva ukkoṭanādīnametaṃ nāmaṃ .

Tasmā – ukkoṭanasāciyogo , vañcanasāciyogo , nikatisāciyogoti , evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo .

Keci aññaṃ dassetvā aññassa parivattanaṃ sāciyogoti vadanti .

Taṃ pana vañcaneneva saṅgahitaṃ .

Chedanādīsu chedanan ti hatthacchedanādi .

Vadhoti māraṇaṃ .

Bandhoti rajjubandhanādīhi bandhanaṃ .

Viparāmosoti himaviparāmoso , gumbaviparāmosoti duvidho .

Yaṃ himapātasamaye himena paṭicchannā hutvā maggappaṭipannaṃ janaṃ musanti , ayaṃ himaviparāmoso .

Yaṃ gumbādīhi paṭicchannā musanti , ayaṃ gumbaviparāmoso .

Ālopo vuccati gāmanigamādīnaṃ vilopakaraṇaṃ .

Sahasākāroti sāhasikakiriyā .

Gehaṃ pavisitvā manussānaṃ ure satthaṃ ṭhapetvā icchitabhaṇḍānaṃ gahaṇaṃ .

Evametasmā chedana … pe … sahasākārā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamoti .

Iti vā hi , bhikkhave , puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyyāti .

Ettāvatā cūḷasīlaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ hoti .

Majjhimasīlavaṇṇanā

11. IdāniP1.81M1.79 majjhimasīlaṃ vitthārento ‘‘ yathā vā paneke bhonto ’’ tiādimāha .

Tatrāyaṃ anuttānapadavaṇṇanā .

Saddhādeyyānīti kammañca phalañca idhalokañca paralokañca saddahitvā dinnāni .

‘ Ayaṃ me ñātī ’ ti vā ,‘ mitto ’ ti vā , idaṃ paṭikarissati , idaṃ vā tena katapubbanti vā , evaṃ na dinnānīti attho .

Evaṃ dinnāni hi na saddhādeyyāni nāma hontiV1.75 .

Bhojanānīti desanāsīsamattametaṃ , atthato pana saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā cīvarāni pārupitvā senāsanāni sevamānā gilānabhesajjaṃ paribhuñjamānāti sabbametaṃ vuttameva hoti .

Seyyathidan ti nipāto .

Tassattho katamo so bījagāmabhūtagāmo , yassa samārambhaṃ anuyuttā viharantīti .

Tato taṃ dassento mūlabījan tiādimāha .

Tattha mūlabījaṃ nāma haliddi , siṅgiveraṃ , vacā , vacattaṃ , ativisā , kaṭukarohiṇī , usīraṃ , bhaddamuttakanti evamādi .

Khandhabījaṃ nāma assattho , nigrodho , pilakkho , udumbaro , kacchako , kapitthanoti evamādi .

Phaḷubījaṃ nāma ucchu , naḷo , veḷūti evamādi .

Aggabījaṃ nāma ajjakaṃ , phaṇijjakaṃ , hiriveranti evamādi .

Bījabījaṃ nāma pubbaṇṇaṃ aparaṇṇanti evamādi .

Sabbañhetaṃ rukkhato viyojitaṃ viruhanasamatthameva ‘‘ bījagāmo ’’ ti vuccati .

Rukkhato pana aviyojitaṃ asukkhaṃ ‘‘ bhūtagāmo ’’ ti vuccati .

Tattha bhūtagāmasamārambho pācittiyavatthu , bījagāmasamārambho dukkaṭavatthūti veditabbo .

12. Sannidhikāraparibhogan ti sannidhikatassa paribhogaṃ .

Tattha duvidhā kathā , vinayavasena ca sallekhavasena ca .

Vinayavasena tāva yaṃ kiñci annaṃ ajja paṭiggahitaṃ aparajju sannidhikārakaṃ hoti , tassa paribhoge pācittiyaṃP1.82 .

Attanā laddhaṃ pana sāmaṇerānaṃ datvā , tehi laddhaṃ ṭhapāpetvā dutiyadivase bhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati , sallekho pana na hoti .

Pānasannidhimhi pi eseva nayo .

Tattha pānaṃ nāma ambapānādīni aṭṭha pānāni , yāni ca tesaṃ anulomāni .

Tesaṃ vinicchayo samantapāsādikāyaṃ vutto .

VatthasannidhimhiM1.80 anadhiṭṭhitaṃ avikappitaṃ sannidhi ca hoti , sallekhañca kopeti , ayaṃ pariyāyakathā .

Nippariyāyato pana ticīvarasantuṭṭhena bhavitabbaṃ , catutthaṃ labhitvā aññassa dātabbaṃ .

Sace yassa kassaci dātuṃ na sakkoti , yassa pana dātukāmo hoti , so uddesatthāya vā paripucchatthāya vā gato , āgatamatte dātabbaṃ , adātuṃ na vaṭṭati .

Cīvare pana appahonte satiyā paccāsāya anuññātakālaṃ ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati .

Sūcisuttacīvarakārakānaṃ alābhena tato parampi vinayakammaṃ katvā ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati .

‘‘ Imasmiṃ jiṇṇe puna īdisaṃ kuto labhissāmī ’’ ti pana ṭhapetuṃ na vaṭṭati , sannidhi ca hoti , sallekhañca kopeti .

YānasannidhimhiV1.76 yānaṃ nāma vayhaṃ , ratho , sakaṭaṃ , sandamānikā , sivikā , pāṭaṅkīti ;

netaṃ pabbajitassa yānaṃ .

Upāhanā pana pabbajitassa yānaṃyeva .

Ekabhikkhussa hi eko araññatthāya , eko dhotapādakatthāyāti , ukkaṃsato dve upāhanasaṅghāṭā vaṭṭanti .

Tatiyaṃ labhitvā aññassa dātabbo .

‘‘ Imasmiṃ jiṇṇe aññaṃ kuto labhissāmī ’’ ti hi ṭhapetuṃ na vaṭṭati , sannidhi ca hoti , sallekhañca kopeti .

Sayanasannidhimhi sayananti mañco .

Ekassa bhikkhuno eko gabbhe , eko divāṭhāneti ukkaṃsato dve mañcā vaṭṭanti .

Tato uttari labhitvā aññassa bhikkhuno vā gaṇassa vā dātabbo ;

adātuṃ na vaṭṭati .

Sannidhi ca hoti , sallekhañca kopeti .

Gandhasannidhimhi bhikkhuno kaṇḍukacchuchavidosādiābādheP1.83 sati gandhā vaṭṭanti .

Te gandhe āharāpetvā tasmiṃ roge vūpasante aññesaṃ vā ābādhikānaṃ dātabbā , dvāre pañcaṅguligharadhūpanādīsu vā upanetabbā .

‘‘ Puna roge sati bhavissantī ’’ ti pana ṭhapetuṃ na vaṭṭati , sannidhi ca hoti , sallekhañca kopeti .

Āmisan ti vuttāvasesaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Seyyathidaṃ , idhekacco bhikkhu –

‘‘ tathārūpe kāle upakārāya bhavissatī ’’ ti tilataṇḍulamuggamāsanāḷikeraloṇamacchamaṃsavallūrasappitelaguḷabhājanādīni āharāpetvā ṭhapeti .

So vassakāle kālasseva sāmaṇerehi yāguṃ pacāpetvā paribhuñjitvā ‘‘ sāmaṇera , udakakaddame dukkhaṃ gāmaṃ pavisituṃ , gaccha asukaṃ kulaṃM1.81 gantvā mayhaṃ vihāre nisinnabhāvaṃ ārocehi ;

asukakulato dadhiādīni āharā ’’ ti peseti .

Bhikkhūhi –

‘‘ kiṃ , bhante , gāmaṃ pavisissathā ’’ ti vuttepi ,‘‘ duppaveso , āvuso , idāni gāmo ’’ ti vadati .

Te –

‘‘ hotu , bhante , acchatha tumhe , mayaṃ bhikkhaṃ pariyesitvā āharissāmā ’’ ti gacchanti .

Atha sāmaṇeropi dadhiādīni āharitvā bhattañca byañjanañca sampādetvā upaneti , taṃ bhuñjantasseva upaṭṭhākā bhattaṃ pahiṇanti , tatopi manāpaṃ manāpaṃ bhuñjati .

Atha bhikkhū piṇḍapātaṃ gahetvā āgacchanti , tatopi manāpaṃ manāpaṃ gīvāyāmakaṃ bhuñjatiyeva .

Evaṃ catumāsampi vītināmeti .

Ayaṃ vuccati –

‘‘ bhikkhu muṇḍakuṭumbikajīvikaṃ jīvati , na samaṇajīvikan ’’ ti .

Evarūpo āmisasannidhi nāma hoti .

Bhikkhuno pana vasanaṭṭhāne ekā taṇḍulanāḷi , eko guḷapiṇḍo , catubhāgamattaṃ sappīti ettakaṃ nidhetuṃ vaṭṭati , akāle sampattacorānaṃ atthāya .

Te hi ettakampi āmisapaṭisanthāraṃ alabhantāV1.77 jīvitāpi voropeyyuṃ , tasmā sace ettakaṃ natthi , āharāpetvāpiP1.84 ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati .

Aphāsukakāle ca yadettha kappiyaṃ , taṃ attanāpi paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati .

Kappiyakuṭiyaṃ pana bahuṃ ṭhapentassāpi sannidhi nāma natthi .

Tathāgatassa pana taṇḍulanāḷiādīsu vā yaṃ kiñci caturatanamattaṃ vā pilotikakhaṇḍaṃ ‘‘ idaṃ me ajja vā sve vā bhavissatī ’’ ti ṭhapitaṃ nāma natthi .

13. Visūkadassanesu naccaṃ nāma yaṃ kiñci naccaṃ , taṃ maggaṃ gacchantenāpi gīvaṃ pasāretvā daṭṭhuṃ na vaṭṭati .

Vitthāravinicchayo panettha samantapāsādikāyaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbo .

Yathā cettha , evaṃ sabbesu sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttesu suttapadesu .

Ito parañhi ettakampi avatvā tattha tattha payojanamattameva vaṇṇayissāmāti .

Pekkhan ti naṭasamajjaṃ .

Akkhānan ti bhāratayujjhanādikaṃ .

Yasmiṃ ṭhāne kathīyati , tattha gantumpi na vaṭṭati .

Pāṇissaran ti kaṃsatāḷaṃ , pāṇitāḷantipi vadanti .

Vetāḷan ti ghanatāḷaṃ , mantena matasarīruṭṭhāpanantipi eke .

Kumbhathūṇan ti caturassaambaṇakatāḷaṃ , kumbhasaddantipi eke .

Sobhanakan ti naṭānaṃM1.82 abbhokkiraṇaṃ , sobhanakaraṃ vā , paṭibhānacittanti vuttaṃ hoti .

Caṇḍālan ti ayoguḷakīḷā , caṇḍālānaṃ sāṇadhovanakīḷātipi vadanti .

Vaṃsan ti veḷuṃ ussāpetvā kīḷanaṃ .

Dhovanan ti aṭṭhidhovanaṃ , ekaccesu kira janapadesu kālaṅkate ñātake na jhāpenti , nikhaṇitvā ṭhapenti .

Atha nesaṃ pūtibhūtaṃ kāyaṃ ñatvā nīharitvā aṭṭhīni dhovitvā gandhehi makkhetvā ṭhapenti .

Te nakkhattakāle ekasmiṃ ṭhāne aṭṭhīni ṭhapetvā ekasmiṃ ṭhāne surādīni ṭhapetvā rodantā paridevantā suraṃ pivanti .

Vuttampi cetaṃ –

‘‘ atthi , bhikkhaveP1.85 , dakkhiṇesu janapadesu aṭṭhidhovanaṃ nāma , tattha hoti annampi pānampi khajjampi bhojjampi leyyampi peyyampi naccampi gītampi vāditampi .

Atthetaṃ , bhikkhave , dhovanaṃ , netaṃ natthīti vadāmī ’’ ti ( a . ni .10.107).

Ekacce pana indajālena aṭṭhidhovanaṃ dhovanantipi vadanti .

Hatthiyuddhādīsu bhikkhuno neva hatthiādīhi saddhiṃ yujjhituṃ , na te yujjhāpetuṃ , na yujjhante daṭṭhuṃ vaṭṭati .

Nibbuddhan ti mallayuddhaṃ .

Uyyodhikan ti yattha sampahāro dissati .

Balaggan ti balagaṇanaṭṭhānaṃ .

Senābyūhan ti senāniveso , sakaṭabyūhādivasena senāya nivesanaṃ .

Anīkadassanan ti –

‘‘ tayo hatthī pacchimaṃ hatthānīkan ’’ tiādinā ( pāci .324) nayena vuttassa anīkassa dassanaṃ .

14. PamādoV1.78 ettha tiṭṭhatīti pamādaṭṭhānaṃ .

Jūtañca taṃ pamādaṭṭhānañcāti jūtappamādaṭṭhānaṃ .

Ekekāya pantiyā aṭṭha aṭṭha padāni assāti aṭṭhapadaṃ dasapadepi eseva nayo .

Ākāsan ti aṭṭhapadadasapadesu viya ākāseyeva kīḷanaṃ .

Parihārapathan ti bhūmiyaṃ nānāpathamaṇḍalaṃ katvā tattha tattha pariharitabbaṃ , pathaṃ pariharantānaṃ kīḷanaṃ .

Santikan ti santikakīḷanaṃ .

Ekajjhaṃ ṭhapitā sāriyo vā sakkharāyo vā acālentā nakheneva apanenti ca upanenti ca , sace tattha kāci calati , parājayo hoti , evarūpāya kīḷāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ .

Khalikan ti jūtaphalake pāsakakīḷanaṃ .

Ghaṭikā vuccati dīghadaṇḍakena rassadaṇḍakaṃ paharaṇakīḷanaṃ .

Salākahatthan ti lākhāya vā mañjiṭṭhikāya vā piṭṭhodakena vā salākahatthaṃP1.86 temetvā –

‘‘ kiṃM1.83 hotū ’’ ti bhūmiyaṃ vā bhittiyaṃ vā taṃ paharitvā hatthiassādirūpadassanakīḷanaṃ .

Akkhan ti guḷakīḷā .

Paṅgacīraṃ vuccati paṇṇanāḷikaṃ , taṃ dhamantā kīḷanti .

Vaṅkakan ti gāmadārakānaṃ kīḷanakaṃ khuddakanaṅgalaṃ .

Mokkhacikā vuccati samparivattanakīḷā , ākāse vā daṇḍakaṃ gahetvā bhūmiyaṃ vā sīsaṃ ṭhapetvā heṭṭhupariyabhāvena parivattanakīḷāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Ciṅgulikaṃ vuccati tālapaṇṇādīhi kataṃ vātappahārena paribbhamanacakkaṃ .

Pattāḷhakaṃ vuccati paṇṇanāḷikā .

Tāya vālukādīni minantā kīḷanti .

Rathakan ti khuddakarathaṃ .

Dhanukan ti khuddakadhanumeva .

Akkharikā vuccati ākāse vā piṭṭhiyaṃ vā akkharajānanakīḷā .

Manesikā nāma manasā cintitajānanakīḷā .

Yathāvajjaṃ nāma kāṇakuṇikhujjādīnaṃ yaṃ yaṃ vajjaṃ , taṃ taṃ payojetvā dassanakīḷā .

15. Āsandin ti pamāṇātikkantāsanaṃ .

Anuyuttā viharantīti idaṃ apekkhitvā pana sabbapadesu upayogavacanaṃ kataṃ .

Pallaṅkoti pādesu vāḷarūpāni ṭhapetvā kato .

Gonakoti dīghalomako mahākojavo , caturaṅgulādhikāni kira tassa lomāni .

Cittakan ti vānavicittaṃ uṇṇāmayattharaṇaṃ .

Paṭikāti uṇṇāmayo setattharaṇo .

PaṭalikātiP1.87 ghanapupphako uṇṇāmayattharaṇo .

Yo āmalakapattotipi vuccati .

Tūlikāti tiṇṇaṃ tūlānaṃ aññatarapuṇṇā tūlikā .

Vikatikāti sīhabyagghādirūpavicitro uṇṇāmayattharaṇo .

Uddalomīti ubhayatodasaṃ uṇṇāmayattharaṇaṃ , keci ‘‘ ekatouggatapupphan ’’ ti vadanti .

Ekantalomīti ekatodasaṃ uṇṇāmayattharaṇaṃ .

Keci ‘‘ ubhatouggatapupphan ’’ ti vadanti .

Kaṭṭissan ti ratanaparisibbitaṃ koseyyakaṭṭissamayapaccattharaṇaṃ .

Koseyyan ti ratanaparisibbitameva kosiyasuttamayapaccattharaṇaṃ .

Suddhakoseyyaṃ pana vaṭṭatīti vinaye vuttaṃ .

Dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘‘ ṭhapetvā tūlikaṃ sabbāneva gonakādīni ratanaparisibbitāni na vaṭṭantī ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Kuttakan ti soḷasannaṃ nāṭakitthīnaṃ ṭhatvā naccanayoggaṃ uṇṇāmayattharaṇaṃ .

Hatthattharaṃ assattharan tiV1.79 hatthiassapiṭṭhīsu attharaṇaattharakāyeva .

Rathattharepi eseva nayo .

Ajinappaveṇīti ajinacammehi mañcappamāṇena sibbitvā katāM1.84 paveṇī .

Kadalīmigapavarapaccattharaṇan ti kadalīmigacammaṃ nāma atthi , tena kataṃ pavarapaccattharaṇaṃ ;

uttamapaccattharaṇanti attho .

Taṃ kira setavatthassa upari kadalīmigacammaṃ pattharitvā sibbetvā karonti .

Sauttaracchadan ti saha uttaracchadena , uparibaddhena rattavitānena saddhinti attho .

Setavitānampi heṭṭhā akappiyapaccattharaṇe sati na vaṭṭati , asati pana vaṭṭati .

Ubhatolohitakūpadhānan ti sīsūpadhānañca pādūpadhānañcātiP1.88 mañcassa ubhatolohitakaṃ upadhānaṃ , etaṃ na kappati .

Yaṃ pana ekameva upadhānaṃ ubhosu passesu rattaṃ vā hoti padumavaṇṇaṃ vā vicitraṃ vā , sace pamāṇayuttaṃ , vaṭṭati .

Mahāupadhānaṃ pana paṭikkhittaṃ .

Alohitakāni dvepi vaṭṭantiyeva .

Tato uttari labhitvā aññesaṃ dātabbāni .

Dātuṃ asakkonto mañce tiriyaṃ attharitvā upari paccattharaṇaṃ datvā nipajjitumpi labhati .

Āsandīādīsu pana vuttanayeneva paṭipajjitabbaṃ .

Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘ anujānāmi , bhikkhave , āsandiyā pāde chinditvā paribhuñjituṃ , pallaṅkassa vāḷe bhinditvā paribhuñjituṃ , tūlikaṃ vijaṭetvā bimbohanaṃ kātuṃ , avasesaṃ bhummattharaṇaṃ kātun ’’ ti ( cūḷava .297).

16. Ucchādanādīsu mātukucchito nikkhantadārakānaṃ sarīragandho dvādasavassapattakāle nassati , tesaṃ sarīraduggandhaharaṇatthāya gandhacuṇṇādīhi ucchādenti , evarūpaṃ ucchādanaṃ na vaṭṭati .

Puññavante pana dārake ūrūsu nipajjāpetvā telena makkhetvā hatthapādaūrunābhiādīnaṃ saṇṭhānasampādanatthaṃ parimaddanti , evarūpaṃ parimaddanaṃ na vaṭṭati .

Nhāpanan ti tesaṃyeva dārakānaṃ gandhādīhi nhāpanaṃ .

Sambāhanan ti mahāmallānaṃ viya hatthapāde muggarādīhi paharitvā bāhuvaḍḍhanaṃ .

Ādāsan ti yaṃ kiñci ādāsaṃ pariharituṃ na vaṭṭati .

Añjanan ti alaṅkārañjanameva .

Mālāti baddhamālā vā abaddhamālā vā .

Vilepanan ti yaṃ kiñci chavirāgakaraṇaṃ .

Mukhacuṇṇaṃ mukhalepanan ti mukhe kāḷapīḷakādīnaṃ haraṇatthāya mattikakakkaṃ denti , tena lohite calite sāsapakakkaṃ denti , tena dose khādite tilakakkaṃ denti , tena lohite sannisinne haliddikakkaṃ denti , tena chavivaṇṇe ārūḷhe mukhacuṇṇakena mukhaṃ cuṇṇenti , taṃ sabbaṃ na vaṭṭati .

HatthabandhādīsuP1.89M1.85 hatthe vicitrasaṅkhakapālādīni bandhitvā vicaranti , taṃ vā aññaṃ vā sabbampi hatthābharaṇaṃ na vaṭṭati , apare sikhaṃ bandhitvā vicaranti .

Suvaṇṇacīrakamuttalatādīhi caV1.80 taṃ parikkhipanti ;

taṃ sabbaṃ na vaṭṭati .

Apare catuhatthadaṇḍaṃ vā aññaṃ vā pana alaṅkatadaṇḍakaṃ gahetvā vicaranti , tathā itthipurisarūpādivicittaṃ bhesajjanāḷikaṃ suparikkhittaṃ vāmapasse olaggitaṃ ;

apare kaṇṇikaratanaparikkhittakosaṃ atitikhiṇaṃ asiṃ , pañcavaṇṇasuttasibbitaṃ makaradantakādivicittaṃ chattaṃ , suvaṇṇarajatādivicitrā morapiñchādiparikkhittā upāhanā , keci ratanamattāyāmaṃ caturaṅgulavitthataṃ kesantaparicchedaṃ dassetvā meghamukhe vijjulataṃ viya nalāṭe uṇhīsapaṭṭaṃ bandhanti , cūḷāmaṇiṃ dhārenti , cāmaravālabījaniṃ dhārenti , taṃ sabbaṃ na vaṭṭati .

17. Aniyyānikattā saggamokkhamaggānaṃ tiracchānabhūtā kathāti tiracchānakathā .

Tattha rājānaṃ ārabbha mahāsammato mandhātā dhammāsoko evaṃ mahānubhāvotiādinā nayena pavattā kathā rājakathā .

Esa nayo corakathādīsu .

Tesu asuko rājā abhirūpo dassanīyotiādinā nayena gehassitakathāva tiracchānakathā hoti .

Sopi nāma evaṃ mahānubhāvo khayaṃ gatoti evaṃ pavattā pana kammaṭṭhānabhāve tiṭṭhati .

Coresu mūladevo evaṃ mahānubhāvo , meghamālo evaṃ mahānubhāvoti tesaṃ kammaṃ paṭicca aho sūrāti gehassitakathāva tiracchānakathā .

Yuddhepi bhāratayuddhādīsu asukena asuko evaṃ mārito , evaṃ viddhoti kāmassādavaseneva kathā tiracchānakathā .

Tepi nāma khayaṃ gatāti evaṃ pavattā pana sabbattha kammaṭṭhānameva hoti .

Api ca annādīsu evaṃ vaṇṇavantaṃ gandhavantaṃ rasavantaṃ phassasampannaṃ khādimha bhuñjimhāti kāmassādavasena kathetuṃ na vaṭṭati .

SātthakaṃP1.90 pana katvā pubbe evaṃ vaṇṇādisampannaṃ annaṃ pānaṃ vatthaṃ sayanaṃ mālaṃ gandhaṃ sīlavantānaṃ adamha , cetiye pūjaṃ karimhāti kathetuṃ vaṭṭati .

Ñātikathādīsu pana ‘‘ amhākaṃ ñātakā sūrā samatthā ’’ ti vā ‘‘ pubbe mayaṃ evaṃ vicitrehi yānehi vicarimhā ’’ ti vā assādavasena vattuṃ na vaṭṭati .

Sātthakaṃ pana katvā ‘‘ tepi no ñātakā khayaṃ gatā ’’ ti vā ‘‘ pubbe mayaṃ evarūpā upāhanā saṅghassa adamhā ’’ ti vā kathetuṃ vaṭṭati .

Gāmakathāpi suniviṭṭhadunniviṭṭhasubhikkhadubbhikkhādivasena vā ‘‘ asukagāmavāsino sūrā samatthā ’’ tiM1.86 vā evaṃ assādavasena na vaṭṭati .

Sātthakaṃ pana katvā ‘‘ saddhā pasannā ’’ ti vā ‘‘ khayavayaṃ gatā ’’ ti vā vattuṃ vaṭṭati .

Nigamanagarajanapadakathādīsupi eseva nayo .

Itthikathāpi vaṇṇasaṇṭhānādīni paṭicca assādavasena na vaṭṭati , saddhā pasannā khayavayaṃ gatāti evameva vaṭṭati .

Sūrakathāpi ‘ nandimitto nāma yodho sūro ahosī ’ ti assādavasena na vaṭṭati .

Saddho ahosi khayaṃ gatoti evameva vaṭṭati .

Visikhākathāpi ‘‘ asukāV1.81 visikhā suniviṭṭhā dunniviṭṭhā sūrā samatthā ’’ ti assādavasena na vaṭṭati .

Saddhā pasannā khayavayaṃ gatāti evameva vaṭṭati .

Kumbhaṭṭhānakathāti udakaṭṭhānakathā , udakatitthakathātipi vuccati , kumbhadāsikathā vā , sāpi ‘‘ pāsādikā naccituṃ gāyituṃ chekā ’’ ti assādavasena na vaṭṭati ;

saddhā pasannātiādinā nayeneva vaṭṭati .

Pubbapetakathāti atītañātikathā .

Tattha vattamānañātikathāsadiso vinicchayo .

Nānattakathāti purimapacchimakathāhi vimuttā avasesā nānāsabhāvā niratthakakathā .

Lokakkhāyikāti ayaṃ loko kena nimmito , asukena nāmaP1.91 nimmito .

Kāko seto , aṭṭhīnaṃ setattā ;

balākā rattā .

Lohitassa rattattāti evamādikā lokāyatavitaṇḍasallāpakathā .

Samuddakkhāyikā nāma kasmā samuddo sāgaro ?

Sāgaradevena khato , tasmā sāgaro .

Khato meti hatthamuddāya sayaṃ niveditattā ‘‘ samuddo ’’ ti evamādikā niratthakā samuddakkhāyanakathā .

Bhavoti vuḍḍhi .

Abhavoti hāni .

Iti bhavo , iti abhavoti yaṃ vā taṃ vā niratthakakāraṇaṃ vatvā pavattitakathā itibhavābhavakathā .

18. Viggāhikakathāti viggahakathā , sārambhakathā .

Tattha sahitaṃ meti mayhaṃ vacanaṃ sahitaṃ siliṭṭhaṃ atthayuttaṃ kāraṇayuttanti attho .

Asahitaṃ teti tuyhaṃ vacanaṃ asahitaṃ asiliṭṭhaṃ .

Adhiciṇṇaṃ te viparāvattan ti yaṃ tuyhaṃ dīgharattāciṇṇavasena suppaguṇaṃ , taṃ mayhaṃ ekavacaneneva viparāvattaṃ parivattitvā ṭhitaṃ , na kiñci jānāsīti attho .

ĀropitoM1.87 te vādoti mayā tava doso āropito .

Cara vādappamokkhāyāti dosamocanatthaṃ cara , vicara ;

tattha tattha gantvā sikkhāti attho .

Nibbeṭhehi vā sace pahosīti atha sayaṃ pahosi , idānimeva nibbeṭhehīti .

19. Dūteyyakathāyaṃ idha gacchāti ito asukaṃ nāma ṭhānaṃ gaccha .

Amutrāgacchāti tato asukaṃ nāma ṭhānaṃ āgaccha .

Idaṃ harāti ito idaṃ nāma hara .

Amutra idaṃ āharāti asukaṭṭhānatoV1.82 idaṃ nāma idha āhara .

Saṅkhepato pana idaṃ dūteyyaṃ nāma ṭhapetvā pañca sahadhammike ratanattayassa upakārapaṭisaṃyuttañca gihīsāsanaṃ aññesaṃ na vaṭṭati .

20. Kuhakātiādīsu tividhena kuhanavatthunā lokaṃ kuhayanti , vimhāpayantīti kuhakā .

Lābhasakkāratthikā hutvā lapantīti lapakā .

Nimittaṃ sīlametesanti nemittikā .

Nippeso sīlametesanti nippesikā .

Lābhena lābhaṃ nijigīsantiP1.92 magganti pariyesanttīti lābhena lābhaṃ nijigīsitāro .

Kuhanā , lapanā , nemittikatā , nippesikatā , lābhena lābhaṃ nijigīsanatāti etāhi samannāgatānaṃ puggalānaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ .

Ayamettha saṅkhepo .

Vitthārena panetā kuhanādikā visuddhimagge sīlaniddeseyeva pāḷiñca aṭṭhakathañca āharitvā pakāsitāti .

Ettāvatā majjhimasīlaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ hoti .

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