Cūḷasīlavaṇṇanā

7. Appamattakaṃ kho panetaṃ , bhikkhaveti ko anusandhi ?

Idaṃ suttaṃ dvīhi padehi ābaddhaṃ vaṇṇena ca avaṇṇena ca .

Tattha avaṇṇo –

‘‘ iti petaṃ abhūtaṃ iti petaṃ atacchan ’’ ti , ettheva udakantaṃ patvā aggiviya nivatto .

Vaṇṇo pana bhūtaṃ bhūtato paṭijānitabbaṃ –

‘‘ iti petaṃ bhūtan ’’ ti evaṃ anuvattatiyeva .

So pana duvidho brahmadattena bhāsitavaṇṇo ca bhikkhusaṅghena acchariyaṃ āvusotiādinā nayena āraddhavaṇṇo ca .

Tesu bhikkhusaṅghena vuttavaṇṇassa upari suññatāpakāsane anusandhiṃ dassessati .

Idha pana brahmadattena vuttavaṇṇassa anusandhiṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ appamattakaṃ kho panetaṃ , bhikkhave ’’ ti desanā āraddhā .

Tattha appamattakan ti parittassa nāmaṃ .

Oramattakan ti tasseva vevacanaṃ .

Mattāti vuccati pamāṇaṃ .

Appaṃ mattā etassāti appamattakaṃ .

Oraṃ mattā etassāti oramattakaṃ .

Sīlameva sīlamattakaṃ .

Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti –

‘ appamattakaṃ kho , panetaṃ bhikkhave , oramattakaṃ sīlamattakaṃ ’ nāmaV1.53 yena ‘‘ tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadāmī ’’ ti ussāhaṃ katvāpi vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno puthujjano vadeyyāti .

Tattha siyā – nanu idaṃ sīlaṃ nāma yogino aggavibhūsanaṃ ?

Yathāhu porāṇā –

‘‘ Sīlaṃ yogissa ’ laṅkāro , sīlaṃ yogissa maṇḍanaṃ ;

Sīlehi ’ laṅkato yogī , maṇḍane aggataṃ gato ’’ ti .

BhagavatāpiM1.56 ca anekesu suttasatesu sīlaṃ mahantameva katvā kathitaṃ .

Yathāha –

‘‘ ākaṅkheyya ce , bhikkhave , bhikkhuP1.56 ‘ sabrahmacārīnaṃ piyo cassaṃ manāpo ca garu ca bhāvanīyo cā ’ ti , sīlesvevassa paripūrakārī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.65) ca .

‘‘ Kikīva aṇḍaṃ , camarīva vāladhiṃ ;

Piyaṃva puttaṃ , nayanaṃva ekakaṃ .

Tatheva sīlaṃ , anurakkhamānā ;

Supesalā hotha , sadā sagāravā ’’ ti ca .

‘‘ Na pupphagandho paṭivātameti ;

Na candanaṃ taggaramallikā vā .

Satañca gandho paṭivātameti ;

Sabbā disā sappuriso pavāyati .

Candanaṃ tagaraṃ vāpi , uppalaṃ atha vassikī ;

Etesaṃ gandhajātānaṃ , sīlagandho anuttaro .

Appamatto ayaṃ gandho , yvāyaṃ tagaracandanaṃ ;

Yo ca sīlavataṃ gandho , vāti devesu uttamo .

Tesaṃ sampannasīlānaṃ , appamādavihārinaṃ ;

Sammadaññā vimuttānaṃ , māro maggaṃ na vindatī ’’ ti ca .( dha . pa .57);

‘‘ SīleV1.54 patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño , cittaṃ paññañca bhāvayaṃ ;

Ātāpī nipako bhikkhu , so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭan ’’ ti ca .( saṃ . ni .1.23);

‘‘ Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave , ye keci bījagāmabhūtagāmā vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjanti , sabbe te pathaviṃ nissāya , pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya ;

evamete bījagāmabhūtagāmā vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjanti .

Evameva kho , bhikkhave , bhikkhu sīlaṃ nissāya sīle patiṭṭhāya sattabojjhaṅge bhāvento sattabojjhaṅge bahulīkaronto vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ pāpuṇāti dhammesū ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.150) ca .

Evaṃ aññānipi anekāni suttāni daṭṭhabbāni .

Evamanekesu suttasatesu sīlaṃ mahantameva katvā kathitaṃ .

Taṃ ‘‘ kasmāM1.57 imasmiṃ ṭhāne appamattakan ’’ ti āhāti ?

UpariP1.57 guṇe upanidhāya .

Sīlañhi samādhiṃ na pāpuṇāti , samādhi paññaṃ na pāpuṇāti , tasmā uparimaṃ upanidhāya heṭṭhimaṃ oramattakaṃ nāma hoti .

Kathaṃ sīlaṃ samādhiṃ na pāpuṇāti ?

Bhagavā hi abhisambodhito sattame saṃvacchare sāvatthinagara – dvāre kaṇḍambarukkhamūle dvādasayojane ratanamaṇḍape yojanappamāṇe ratanapallaṅke nisīditvā tiyojanike dibbasetacchatte dhāriyamāne dvādasayojanāya parisāya attādānaparidīpanaṃ titthiyamaddanaṃ –

‘‘ uparimakāyato aggikkhandho pavattati , heṭṭhimakāyato udakadhārā pavattati … pe … ekekalomakūpato aggikkhandho pavattati , ekekalomakūpato udakadhārā pavattati , channaṃ vaṇṇānan ’’ tiādinayappavattaṃ yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ dasseti .

Tassa suvaṇṇavaṇṇasarīrato suvaṇṇavaṇṇā rasmiyo uggantvā yāva bhavaggā gacchanti , sakaladasasahassacakkavāḷassa alaṅkaraṇakālo viya hoti , dutiyā dutiyā rasmiyo purimāya purimāya yamakayamakā viya ekakkhaṇe viya pavattanti .

Dvinnañca cittānaṃ ekakkhaṇe pavatti nāma natthi .

Buddhānaṃ pana bhagavantānaṃ bhavaṅgaparivāsassa lahukatāya pañcahākārehi āciṇṇavasitāya ca , tā ekakkhaṇe viya pavattanti .

Tassā tassā pana rasmiyā āvajjanaparikammādhiṭṭhānāni visuṃ visuṃyeva .

Nīlarasmiatthāya hi bhagavā nīlakasiṇaṃ samāpajjati , pītarasmiatthāya pītakasiṇaṃ , lohitaodātarasmiatthāya lohitaodātakasiṇaṃ , aggikkhandhatthāya tejokasiṇaṃ , udakadhāratthāya āpokasiṇaṃ samāpajjati .

Satthā caṅkamati , nimmito tiṭṭhati vā nisīdati vā seyyaṃ vā kappetītiV1.55 sabbaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ .

Ettha ekampi sīlassa kiccaṃ natthi , sabbaṃ samādhikiccameva .

Evaṃ sīlaṃ samādhiṃ na pāpuṇāti .

Yaṃ pana bhagavā kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni pāramiyo pūretvā , ekūnatiṃsavassakāle cakkavattisirīnivāsabhūtā bhavanā nikkhamma anomānadītīreP1.58 pabbajitvā , chabbassāni padhānayogaṃ katvā , visākhapuṇṇamāyaṃ uruvelagāme sujātāya dinnaṃ pakkhittadibbojaṃ madhupāyāsaṃ paribhuñjitvā , sāyanhasamaye dakkhiṇuttarena bodhimaṇḍaṃ pavisitvāM1.58 assatthadumarājānaṃ tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā , pubbuttarabhāge ṭhito tiṇasanthāraṃ santharitvā , tisandhipallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā , caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ mettākammaṭṭhānaṃ pubbaṅgamaṃ katvā , vīriyādhiṭṭhānaṃ adhiṭṭhāya , cuddasahatthapallaṅkavaragato suvaṇṇapīṭhe ṭhapitaṃ rajatakkhandhaṃ viya paññāsahatthaṃ bodhikkhandhaṃ piṭṭhito katvā , upari maṇichattena viya bodhisākhāya dhāriyamāno , suvaṇṇavaṇṇe cīvare pavāḷasadisesu bodhiaṅkuresu patamānesu , sūriye atthaṃ upagacchante mārabalaṃ vidhamitvā , paṭhamayāme pubbenivāsaṃ anussaritvā , majjhimayāme dibbacakkhuṃ visodhetvā , paccūsakāle sabbabuddhānamāciṇṇe paccayākāre ñāṇaṃ otāretvā , ānāpānacatutthajjhānaṃ nibbattetvā , tadeva pādakaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā , maggapaṭipāṭiyā adhigatena catutthamaggena sabbakilese khepetvā sabbabuddhaguṇe paṭivijjhi , idamassa paññākiccaṃ .

Evaṃ samādhi paññaṃ na pāpuṇāti .

Tattha yathā hatthe udakaṃ pātiyaṃ udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , pātiyaṃ udakaṃ ghaṭe udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , ghaṭe udakaṃ kolambe udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , kolambe udakaṃ cāṭiyaṃ udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , cāṭiyaṃ udakaṃ mahākumbhiyaṃ udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , mahākumbhiyaṃ udakaṃ kusobbhe udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , kusobbhe udakaṃ kandare udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , kandare udakaṃ kunnadiyaṃ udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , kunnadiyaṃ udakaṃ pañcamahānadiyaṃ udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , pañcamahānadiyaṃ udakaṃ cakkavāḷamahāsamuddeP1.59 udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti , cakkavāḷamahāsamudde udakaṃ sinerupādake mahāsamudde udakaṃ na pāpuṇāti .

Pātiyaṃ udakaṃ upanidhāya hatthe udakaṃ parittaṃ … pe … sinerupādakamahāsamudde udakaṃ upanidhāya cakkavāḷamahāsamudde udakaṃ parittaṃ .

Iti uparūpari udakaṃ bahukaṃ upādāya heṭṭhā heṭṭhā udakaṃ parittaṃ hoti .

Evameva upari upari guṇe upādāya heṭṭhā heṭṭhā sīlaṃ appamattakaṃ oramattakanti veditabbaṃ .

Tenāha –

‘‘ appamattakaṃ kho panetaṃ , bhikkhave , oramattakaṃ sīlamattakan ’’ ti .

YenaV1.56 puthujjanoti , ettha –

‘‘ Duve puthujjanā vuttā , buddhenādiccabandhunā ;

Andho puthujjano eko , kalyāṇeko puthujjano ’’ ti .

TatthaM1.59 yassa khandhadhātuāyatanādīsu uggahaparipucchāsavanadhāraṇapaccavekkhaṇāni natthi , ayaṃ andhaputhujjano .

Yassa tāni atthi , so kalyāṇaputhujjano .

Duvidhopi panesa –

‘‘ Puthūnaṃ jananādīhi , kāraṇehi puthujjano ;

Puthujjanantogadhattā , puthuvāyaṃ jano iti ’’.

So hi puthūnaṃ nānappakārānaṃ kilesādīnaṃ jananādīhi kāraṇehi puthujjano .

Yathāha –

‘‘ Puthu kilese janentīti puthujjanā , puthu avihatasakkāyadiṭṭhikāti puthujjanā , puthu satthārānaṃ mukhullokikāti puthujjanā , puthu sabbagatīhi avuṭṭhitāti puthujjanā , puthu nānābhisaṅkhāre abhisaṅkharontīti puthujjanā , puthu nānāoghehi vuyhanti , puthu santāpehi santappanti , puthu pariḷāhehi pariḍayhanti , puthu pañcasu kāmaguṇesu rattā giddhā gathitā mucchitā ajjhopannā laggā laggitā palibuddhāti puthujjanā , puthu pañcahi nīvaraṇehi āvutā nivutā ovutā pihitā paṭicchannā paṭikujjitāti puthujjanā ’’ ti .

Puthūnaṃ gaṇanapathamatītānaṃ ariyadhammaparammukhānaṃ nīcadhammasamācārānaṃ janānaṃ antogadhattāpi puthujjano , puthuvāyaṃ visuṃyeva saṅkhyaṃ gato visaṃsaṭṭho sīlasutādiguṇayuttehi ariyehi janehīti puthujjanoti .

Tathāgatassāti aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā tathāgato .

Tathā āgatoti tathāgato , tathā gatoti tathāgato , tathalakkhaṇaṃP1.60 āgatoti tathāgato , tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato , tathadassitāya tathāgato , tathavāditāya tathāgato , tathākāritāya tathāgato , abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgatoti .

Kathaṃ bhagavā tathā āgatoti tathāgato ?

Yathā sabbalokahitāya ussukkamāpannā purimakā sammāsambuddhā āgatā , yathā vipassī bhagavā āgato , yathā sikhī bhagavā , yathā vessabhū bhagavā , yathā kakusandho bhagavā , yathā koṇāgamano bhagavā , yathā kassapo bhagavā āgatoV1.57 .

Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti ?

Yena abhinīhārena eteM1.60 bhagavanto āgatā , teneva amhākampi bhagavā āgato .

Atha vā yathā vipassī bhagavā … pe … yathā kassapo bhagavā dānapāramiṃ pūretvā , sīlanekkhammapaññāvīriyakhantisaccaadhiṭṭhānamettāupekkhāpāramiṃ pūretvā , imā dasa pāramiyo , dasa upapāramiyo , dasa paramatthapāramiyoti samatiṃsapāramiyo pūretvā aṅgapariccāgaṃ , nayanadhanarajjaputtadārapariccāganti ime pañca mahāpariccāge pariccajitvā pubbayogapubbacariyadhammakkhānañātatthacariyādayo pūretvā buddhicariyāya koṭiṃ patvā āgato ;

tathā amhākampi bhagavā āgato .

Atha vā yathā vipassī bhagavā … pe … kassapo bhagavā cattāro satipaṭṭhāne , cattāro sammappadhāne , cattāro iddhipāde , pañcindriyāni , pañca balāni , satta bojjhaṅge , ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bhāvetvā brūhetvā āgato , tathā amhākampi bhagavā āgato .

Evaṃ tathā āgatoti tathāgato .

‘‘ Yatheva lokamhi vipassiādayo ,

Sabbaññubhāvaṃ munayo idhāgatā ;

Tathā ayaṃ sakyamunīpi āgato ,

Tathāgato vuccati tena cakkhumā ’’ ti .

Evaṃ tathā āgatoti tathāgato .

Kathaṃ tathā gatoti tathāgato ?

Yathā sampatijāto vipassī bhagavā gato … pe … kassapo bhagavā gato .

Kathañca so bhagavā gatoP1.61 ?

So hi sampati jātova samehi pādehi pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya uttarābhimukho sattapadavītihārena gato .

Yathāha –

‘‘ sampatijāto kho , ānanda , bodhisatto samehi pādehi patiṭṭhahitvā uttarābhimukho sattapadavītihārena gacchati , setamhi chatte anudhāriyamāne sabbā ca disā anuviloketi , āsabhiṃ vācaṃ bhāsati –

‘ aggohamasmi lokassa , jeṭṭhohamasmi lokassa , seṭṭhohamasmi lokassa , ayamantimā jāti , natthidāni punabbhavo ’ ti ’’( dī . ni .2.31).

TañcassaM1.61 gamanaṃ tathaṃ ahosi ?

Avitathaṃ anekesaṃ visesādhigamānaṃ pubbanimittabhāvena .

YañhiV1.58 so sampatijātova samehi pādehi patiṭṭhahi .

Idamassa caturiddhipādapaṭilābhassa pubbanimittaṃ .

Uttarābhimukhabhāvo pana sabbalokuttarabhāvassa pubbanimittaṃ .

Sattapadavītihāro , sattabojjhaṅgaratanapaṭilābhassa .

‘‘ Suvaṇṇadaṇḍā vītipatanti cāmarā ’’ ti , ettha vuttacāmarukkhepo pana sabbatitthiyanimmaddanassa .

Setacchattadhāraṇaṃ , arahattavimuttivaravimalasetacchattapaṭilābhassa .

Sattamapadūpari ṭhatvā sabbadisānuvilokanaṃ , sabbaññutānāvaraṇañāṇapaṭilābhassa .

Āsabhivācābhāsanaṃ appaṭivattiyavaradhammacakkappavattanassa pubbanimittaṃ .

Tathā ayaṃ bhagavāpi gato , tañcassa gamanaṃ tathaṃ ahosi , avitathaṃ , tesaṃyeva visesādhigamānaṃ pubbanimittabhāvena .

Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘ Muhuttajātova gavampatī yathā ,

Samehi pādehi phusī vasundharaṃ ;

So vikkamī satta padāni gotamo ,

Setañca chattaṃ anudhārayuṃ marū .

Gantvāna so satta padāni gotamo ,

Disā vilokesi samā samantato ;

Aṭṭhaṅgupetaṃ giramabbhudīrayi ,

Sīho yathā pabbatamuddhaniṭṭhito ’’ ti .

EvaṃV1.59 tathā gatoti tathāgato .

Atha vā yathā vipassī bhagavā … pe … yathā kassapo bhagavā , ayampi bhagavā tatheva nekkhammena kāmacchandaṃ pahāya gatoP1.62 , abyāpādena byāpādaṃ , ālokasaññāya thinamiddhaṃ , avikkhepena uddhaccakukkuccaṃ , dhammavavatthānena vicikicchaṃ pahāya ñāṇena avijjaṃ padāletvā , pāmojjenaM1.62 aratiṃ vinodetvā , paṭhamajjhānena nīvaraṇakavāṭaṃ ugghāṭetvā , dutiyajjhānena vitakkavicāraṃ vūpasametvā , tatiyajjhānena pītiṃ virājetvā , catutthajjhānena sukhadukkhaṃ pahāya , ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiyā rūpasaññāpaṭighasaññānānattasaññāyo samatikkamitvā , viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiyā ākāsānañcāyatanasaññaṃ , ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattiyā viññāṇañcāyatanasaññaṃ , nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā ākiñcaññāyatanasaññaṃ samatikkamitvā gato .

Aniccānupassanāya niccasaññaṃ pahāya , dukkhānupassanāya sukhasaññaṃ , anattānupassanāya attasaññaṃ , nibbidānupassanāya nandiṃ , virāgānupassanāya rāgaṃ , nirodhānupassanāya samudayaṃ , paṭinissaggānupassanāya ādānaṃ , khayānupassanāya ghanasaññaṃ , vayānupassanāya āyūhanaṃ , vipariṇāmānupassanāya dhuvasaññaṃ , animittānupassanāya nimittaṃ , appaṇihitānupassanāya paṇidhiṃ , suññatānupassanāya abhinivesaṃ , adhipaññādhammavipassanāya sārādānābhinivesaṃ , yathābhūtañāṇadassanena sammohābhinivesaṃ , ādīnavānupassanāya ālayābhinivesaṃ , paṭisaṅkhānupassanāya appaṭisaṅkhaṃ , vivaṭṭānupassanāya saṃyogābhinivesaṃ , sotāpattimaggena diṭṭhekaṭṭhe kilese bhañjitvā , sakadāgāmimaggena oḷārike kilese pahāya , anāgāmimaggena aṇusahagate kilese samugghāṭetvā , arahattamaggena sabbakilese samucchinditvā gato .

Evampi tathā gatoti tathāgato .

Kathaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato ?

Pathavīdhātuyā kakkhaḷattalakkhaṇaṃ tathaṃ avitathaṃ .

Āpodhātuyā paggharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ .

Tejodhātuyā uṇhattalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vāyodhātuyā vitthambhanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Ākāsadhātuyā asamphuṭṭhalakkhaṇaṃ .

Viññāṇadhātuyā vijānanalakkhaṇaṃ .

RūpassaP1.63 ruppanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vedanāya vedayitalakkhaṇaṃ .

Saññāya sañjānanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Saṅkhārānaṃ abhisaṅkharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ .

Viññāṇassa vijānanalakkhaṇaṃ .

VitakkassaV1.60M1.63 abhiniropanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vicārassa anumajjanalakkhaṇaṃ pītiyā pharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sukhassa sātalakkhaṇaṃ .

Cittekaggatāya avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ .

Phassassa phusanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Saddhindriyassa adhimokkhalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vīriyindriyassa paggahalakkhaṇaṃ .

Satindriyassa upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ .

Samādhindriyassa avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ .

Paññindriyassa pajānanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Saddhābalassa assaddhiye akampiyalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vīriyabalassa kosajje , satibalassa muṭṭhassacce .

Samādhibalassa uddhacce , paññābalassa avijjāya akampiyalakkhaṇaṃ .

Satisambojjhaṅgassa upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ .

Dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa pavicayalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa paggahalakkhaṇaṃ .

Pītisambojjhaṅgassa pharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ .

Passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa vūpasamalakkhaṇaṃ .

Samādhisambojjhaṅgassa avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ .

Upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa paṭisaṅkhānalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sammādiṭṭhiyā dassanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sammāsaṅkappassa abhiniropanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sammāvācāya pariggahalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sammākammantassa samuṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sammāājīvassa vodānalakkhaṇaṃ .

SammāvāyāmassaP1.64 paggahalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sammāsatiyā upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sammāsamādhissa avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ .

Avijjāya aññāṇalakkhaṇaṃ .

Saṅkhārānaṃ cetanālakkhaṇaṃ .

Viññāṇassa vijānanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Nāmassa namanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Rūpassa ruppanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Saḷāyatanassa āyatanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Phassassa phusanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vedanāya vedayitalakkhaṇaṃ .

Taṇhāya hetulakkhaṇaṃ .

Upādānassa gahaṇalakkhaṇaṃ .

Bhavassa āyūhanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Jātiyā nibbattilakkhaṇaṃ .

Jarāya jīraṇalakkhaṇaṃ .

Maraṇassa cutilakkhaṇaṃ .

Dhātūnaṃ suññatālakkhaṇaṃ .

Āyatanānaṃ āyatanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Satipaṭṭhānānaṃ upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sammappadhānānaṃ padahanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Iddhipādānaṃ ijjhanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Indriyānaṃ adhipatilakkhaṇaṃ .

Balānaṃ akampiyalakkhaṇaṃ .

Bojjhaṅgānaṃ niyyānalakkhaṇaṃ .

Maggassa hetulakkhaṇaṃ .

SaccānaṃV1.61M1.64 tathalakkhaṇaṃ .

Samathassa avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vipassanāya anupassanālakkhaṇaṃ .

Samathavipassanānaṃ ekarasalakkhaṇaṃ .

Yuganaddhānaṃ anativattanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Sīlavisuddhiyā saṃvaralakkhaṇaṃ .

Cittavisuddhiyā avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ .

Diṭṭhivisuddhiyā dassanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Khaye ñāṇassa samucchedanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Anuppāde ñāṇassa passaddhilakkhaṇaṃ .

ChandassaP1.65 mūlalakkhaṇaṃ .

Manasikārassa samuṭṭhāpanalakkhaṇaṃ .

Phassassa samodhānalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vedanāya samosaraṇalakkhaṇaṃ .

Samādhissa pamukhalakkhaṇaṃ .

Satiyā ādhipateyyalakkhaṇaṃ .

Paññāya tatuttariyalakkhaṇaṃ .

Vimuttiyā sāralakkhaṇaṃ … amatogadhassa nibbānassa pariyosānalakkhaṇaṃ tathaṃ avitathaṃ .

Evaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ ñāṇagatiyā āgato avirajjhitvā patto anuppattoti tathāgato .

Evaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato .

Kathaṃ tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato ?

Tathadhammā nāma cattāri ariyasaccāni .

Yathāha –

‘‘ cattārimāni , bhikkhave , tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni .

Katamāni cattāri ?

‘ Idaṃ dukkhan ’ ti bhikkhave , tathametaṃ avitathametaṃ anaññathametan ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.1090) vitthāro .

Tāni ca bhagavā abhisambuddho , tasmā tathānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhisambuddhattā tathāgatoti vuccati .

Abhisambuddhattho hettha gatasaddo .

Api ca jarāmaraṇassa jātipaccayasambhūtasamudāgataṭṭho tatho avitatho anaññatho … pe …, saṅkhārānaṃ avijjāpaccayasambhūtasamudāgataṭṭho tatho avitatho anaññatho … pe …, tathā avijjāya saṅkhārānaṃ paccayaṭṭho , saṅkhārānaṃ viññāṇassa paccayaṭṭho … pe …, jātiyā jarāmaraṇassa paccayaṭṭho tatho avitatho anaññatho .

Taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavā abhisambuddho , tasmāpi tathānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhisambuddhattā tathāgatoti vuccati .

Evaṃ tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato .

Kathaṃ tathadassitāya tathāgato ?

Bhagavā yaṃ sadevake loke … pe …, sadevamanussāya pajāya aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃM1.65 sattānaṃ cakkhudvāre āpāthamāgacchantaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ nāma atthi , taṃ sabbākārato jānāti passati .

Evaṃ jānatā passatā ca , tena taṃV1.62 iṭṭhāniṭṭhādivasena vā diṭṭhasutamutaviññātesu labbhamānakapadavasena vā .

‘‘ Katamaṃ taṃ rūpaṃ rūpāyatanaṃ ?

YaṃP1.66 rūpaṃ catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ upādāya vaṇṇanibhā sanidassanaṃ sappaṭighaṃ nīlaṃ pītakan ’’ tiādinā ( dha . sa .616) nayena anekehi nāmehi terasahi vārehi dvepaññāsāya nayehi vibhajjamānaṃ tathameva hoti , vitathaṃ natthi .

Esa nayo sotadvārādīsupi āpāthaṃ āgacchantesu saddādīsu .

Vuttañcetaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘ yaṃ bhikkhave , sadevakassa lokassa … pe … sadevamanussāya pajāya diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ anuvicaritaṃ manasā , tamahaṃ jānāmi .

Tamahaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ , taṃ tathāgatassa viditaṃ , taṃ tathāgato na upaṭṭhāsī ’’ ti ( a . ni .4.24).

Evaṃ tathadassitāya tathāgato .

Tattha tathadassī atthe tathāgatoti padasambhavo veditabbo .

KathaṃP1.67 tathavāditāya tathāgato ?

Yaṃ rattiṃ bhagavā bodhimaṇḍe aparājitapallaṅke nisinno tiṇṇaṃ mārānaṃ matthakaṃ madditvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho , yañca rattiṃ yamakasālānamantare anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi , etthantare pañcacattālīsavassaparimāṇe kāle paṭhamabodhiyāpi majjhimabodhiyāpi pacchimabodhiyāpi yaṃ bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ – suttaṃ , geyyaṃ … pe … vedallaṃ , taṃ sabbaṃ atthato ca byañjanato ca anupavajjaṃ , anūnamanadhikaṃ , sabbākāraparipuṇṇaṃ , rāgamadanimmadanaṃ , dosamohamadanimmadanaṃ .

Natthi tattha vālaggamattampi avakkhalitaṃ , sabbaṃ taṃ ekamuddikāya lañchitaṃ viya , ekanāḷiyā mitaṃ viya , ekatulāya tulitaṃ viya ca , tathameva hoti avitathaṃ anaññathaṃ .

Tenāha –

‘‘ yañca , cunda , rattiṃ tathāgato anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhati , yañca rattiṃ anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyati , yaṃ etasmiṃ antare bhāsati lapati niddisati , sabbaṃ taṃ tatheva hoti , no aññathā .

Tasmā ‘ tathāgato ’ ti vuccatī ’’ ti ( a . ni .4.23).

Gadattho hettha gatasaddo .

Evaṃ tathavāditāya tathāgato .

ApiM1.66 ca āgadanaṃ āgado , vacananti attho .

Tayo aviparīto āgado assāti , da-kārassa ta-kāraṃ katvā tathāgatoti evametasmiṃ atthe padasiddhi veditabbā .

Kathaṃ tathākāritāya tathāgato ?

Bhagavato hi vācāya kāyo anulometi , kāyassapi vācā , tasmā yathāvādī tathākārī , yathākārī tathāvādī ca hoti .

Evaṃbhūtassa cassa yathāvācā , kāyopi tathā gato pavattoti attho .

Yathā ca kāyo , vācāpi tathā gatā pavattāti tathāgato .

Tenevāha –

‘‘ yathāvādī , bhikkhave , tathāgato tathākārī , yathākārī tathāvādīV1.63 .

Iti yathāvādī tathākārī yathākārī tathāvādī .

Tasmā ‘ tathāgato ’ ti vuccatī ’’ ti ( a . ni .4.23).

Evaṃ tathākāritāya tathāgato .

Kathaṃ abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgato ?

Upari bhavaggaṃ heṭṭhā avīciṃ pariyantaṃ katvā tiriyaṃ aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu sabbasatte abhibhavati sīlenapi samādhināpi paññāyapi vimuttiyāpi , vimuttiñāṇadassanenapi na tassa tulā vā pamāṇaṃ vā atthi ;

atulo appameyyo anuttaro rājātirājā devadevo sakkānaṃ atisakko brahmānaṃ atibrahmā .

Tenāha –

‘‘ sadevake , bhikkhave , loke … pe … sadevamanussāya pajāya tathāgato abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī , tasmā ‘ tathāgato ’ ti vuccatī ’’ ti .

Tatrevaṃ padasiddhi veditabbā .

Agado viya agado .

Ko panesa ?

Desanāvilāsamayo ceva puññussayo ca .

Tena hesa mahānubhāvo bhisakko dibbāgadena sappe viya sabbaparappavādino sadevakañca lokaṃ abhibhavati .

Iti sabbālokābhibhavane tatho aviparīto desanāvilāsamayo ceva puññussayo ca agado assāti .

Da-kārassa ta-kāraṃ katvā tathāgatoti veditabbo .

Evaṃ abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgato .

Api ca tathāya gatotipi tathāgato , tathaṃ gatotipi tathāgato .

Gatoti avagato , atīto patto paṭipannoti attho .

TatthaM1.67 sakalalokaṃ tīraṇapariññāya tathāya gato avagatoti tathāgato .

Lokasamudayaṃ pahānapariññāya tathāya gato atītoti tathāgato .

Lokanirodhaṃ sacchikiriyāya tathāya gato pattoti tathāgato .

Lokanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ tathaṃ gato paṭipannoti tathāgato .

TenaP1.68 vuttaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘ Loko , bhikkhave , tathāgatena abhisambuddho , lokasmā tathāgato visaṃyutto .

Lokasamudayo , bhikkhave , tathāgatena abhisambuddho , lokasamudayo tathāgatassa pahīno .

Lokanirodho , bhikkhave , tathāgatena abhisambuddho , lokanirodho tathāgatassa sacchikato .

Lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadā , bhikkhave , tathāgatena abhisambuddhā , lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadā tathāgatassa bhāvitā .

Yaṃ bhikkhave , sadevakassa lokassa … pe … sabbaṃ taṃ tathāgatena abhisambuddhaṃ .

Tasmā , tathāgatoti vuccatī ’’ ti ( a . ni .4.23).

TassapiV1.64 evaṃ attho veditabbo .

Idampi ca tathāgatassa tathāgatabhāvadīpane mukhamattameva .

Sabbākārena pana tathāgatova tathāgatassa tathāgatabhāvaṃ vaṇṇeyya .

Katamañca taṃ bhikkhaveti yena appamattakena oramattakena sīlamattakena puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyya , taṃ katamanti pucchati ?

Tattha pucchā nāma adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā , diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā , vimaticchedanā pucchā , anumatipucchā , kathetukamyatā pucchāti pañcavidhā hoti .

Tattha katamā adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā ?

Pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ aññātaṃ hoti , adiṭṭhaṃ atulitaṃ atīritaṃ avibhūtaṃ avibhāvitaṃ , tassa ñāṇāya dassanāya tulanāya tīraṇāya vibhāvanāya pañhaṃ pucchati , ayaṃ adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā .

Katamā diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā ?

Pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ ñātaṃ hoti , diṭṭhaṃ tulitaṃ tīritaṃ vibhūtaṃ vibhāvitaṃ , tassa aññehi paṇḍitehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati , ayaṃ diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchā .

KatamāM1.68 vimaticchedanā pucchā ?

Pakatiyā saṃsayapakkhando hoti , vimatipakkhando , dveḷhakajāto ,‘‘ evaṃ nu kho , na nu kho , kinnu kho , kathaṃ nu kho ’’ ti .

So vimaticchedanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati .

Ayaṃ vimaticchedanā pucchā .

Katamā anumatipucchā ?

Bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ anumatiyā pañhaṃ pucchati –

‘‘ taṃ kiṃ maññatha , bhikkhave , rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā ’’ ti .

Aniccaṃ , bhante .

Yaṃ panāniccaṃP1.69 , dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vāti ?

Dukkhaṃ bhanteti ( mahāva .21) sabbaṃ vattabbaṃ , ayaṃ anumatipucchā .

Katamā kathetukamyatā pucchā ?

Bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ kathetukamyatāya pañhaṃ pucchati .

Cattārome , bhikkhave , satipaṭṭhānā .

Katame cattāro ?

… Pe … aṭṭhime bhikkhave maggaṅgā .

Katame aṭṭhāti , ayaṃ kathetukamyatā pucchā .

Iti imāsu pañcasu pucchāsu adiṭṭhassa tāva kassaci dhammassa abhāvato tathāgatassa adiṭṭhajotanāV1.65 pucchā natthi .

‘‘ Idaṃ nāma aññehi paṇḍitehi samaṇabrāhmaṇehi saddhiṃ saṃsanditvā desessāmī ’’ ti samannāhārasseva anuppajjanato diṭṭhasaṃsandanā pucchāpi natthi .

Yasmā pana buddhānaṃ ekadhammepi āsappanā parisappanā natthi , bodhimaṇḍeyeva sabbā kaṅkhā chinnā ;

tasmā vimaticchedanā pucchāpi natthiyeva .

Avasesā pana dve pucchā buddhānaṃ atthi , tāsu ayaṃ kathetukamyatā pucchā nāma .

8. Idāni taṃ kathetukamyatāya pucchāya pucchitamatthaṃ kathetuṃ ‘‘ pāṇātipātaṃ pahāyā ’’ tiādimāha .

Tattha pāṇassa atipāto pāṇātipāto , pāṇavadho , pāṇaghātoti vuttaṃ hoti .

Pāṇoti cettha vohārato satto , paramatthato jīvitindriyaṃ , tasmiṃ pana pāṇe pāṇasaññino jīvitindriyupacchedakaupakkamasamuṭṭhāpikā kāyavacīdvārānaṃ aññataradvārappavattā vadhakacetanā pāṇātipāto .

So guṇavirahitesu tiracchānagatādīsu pāṇesu khuddake pāṇe appasāvajjo , mahāsarīre mahāsāvajjo , kasmā ?

Payogamahantatāya .

Payogasamattepi vatthumahantatāya .

Guṇavantesu manussādīsu appaguṇe pāṇe appasāvajjo , mahāguṇe mahāsāvajjo .

Sarīraguṇānaṃ pana samabhāve sati kilesānaṃ upakkamānañca mudutāya appasāvajjo , tibbatāya mahāsāvajjoti veditabbo .

TassaM1.69 pañca sambhārā honti – pāṇo , pāṇasaññitā , vadhakacittaṃ , upakkamo , tena maraṇantiP1.70 .

Cha payogā – sāhatthiko , āṇattiko , nissaggiyo , thāvaro , vijjāmayo , iddhimayoti .

Imasmiṃ panatthe vitthāriyamāne ativiya papañco hoti , tasmā taṃ na vitthārayāma , aññañca evarūpaṃ .

Atthikehi pana samantapāsādikaṃ vinayaṭṭhakathaṃ oloketvā gahetabbaṃ .

Pahāyāti imaṃ pāṇātipātacetanāsaṅkhātaṃ dussīlyaṃ pajahitvā .

Paṭiviratoti pahīnakālato paṭṭhāya tato dussīlyato orato viratova .

Natthi tassa vītikkamissāmīti cakkhusotaviññeyyā dhammā pageva kāyikāti imināva nayena aññesupi evarūpesu padesu attho veditabbo .

Samaṇoti bhagavā samitapāpatāya laddhavohāro .

Gotamoti gottavasena .

Na kevalañca bhagavāyevaV1.66 pāṇātipātā paṭivirato , bhikkhusaṅghopi paṭivirato , desanā pana ādito paṭṭhāya evaṃ āgatā , atthaṃ pana dīpentena bhikkhusaṅghavasenāpi dīpetuṃ vaṭṭati .

Nihitadaṇḍo nihitasatthoti parūpaghātatthāya daṇḍaṃ vā satthaṃ vā ādāya avattanato nikkhittadaṇḍo ceva nikkhittasattho cāti attho .

Ettha ca ṭhapetvā daṇḍaṃ sabbampi avasesaṃ upakaraṇaṃ sattānaṃ viheṭhanabhāvato satthanti veditabbaṃ .

Yaṃ pana bhikkhū kattaradaṇḍaṃ vā dantakaṭṭhaṃ vā vāsiṃ pipphalikaṃ vā gahetvā vicaranti , na taṃ parūpaghātatthāya .

Tasmā nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho tveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati .

Lajjīti pāpajigucchanalakkhaṇāya lajjāya samannāgato .

Dayāpannoti dayaṃ mettacittataṃ āpanno .

Sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampīti ;

sabbe pāṇabhūte hitena anukampako .

Tāya dayāpannatāya sabbesaṃ pāṇabhūtānaṃ hitacittakoti attho .

Viharatīti iriyati yapeti yāpeti pāletiM1.70 .

Iti vā hi , bhikkhaveti evaṃ vā bhikkhave .

Vā saddo upari ‘‘ adinnādānaṃP1.71 pahāyā ’’ tiādīni apekkhitvā vikappattho vutto , evaṃ sabbattha purimaṃ vā pacchimaṃ vā apekkhitvā vikappabhāvo veditabbo .

Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepo – bhikkhave , puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno evaṃ vadeyya –

‘‘ samaṇo gotamo pāṇaṃ na hanati , na ghāteti , na tattha samanuñño hoti , virato imasmā dussīlyā ;

aho , vata re buddhaguṇā mahantā ’’ ti , iti mahantaṃ ussāhaṃ katvā vaṇṇaṃ vattukāmopi appamattakaṃ oramattakaṃ ācārasīlamattakameva vakkhati .

Upari asādhāraṇabhāvaṃ nissāya vaṇṇaṃ vattuṃ na sakkhissati .

Na kevalañca puthujjanova sotāpannasakadāgāmianāgāmiarahantopi paccekabuddhāpi na sakkontiyeva ;

tathāgatoyeva pana sakkoti , taṃ vo upari vakkhāmīti , ayamettha sādhippāyā atthavaṇṇanā .

Ito paraṃ pana apubbapadameva vaṇṇayissāma .

Adinnādānaṃ pahāyāti ettha adinnassa ādānaṃ adinnādānaṃ , parasaṃharaṇaṃ , theyyaṃ , corikāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Tattha adinnan ti parapariggahitaṃ , yattha paro yathākāmakāritaṃ āpajjanto adaṇḍāraho anupavajjo ca hoti .

Tasmiṃ parapariggahite parapariggahitasaññino , tadādāyakaupakkamasamuṭṭhāpikā theyyacetanā adinnādānaṃ .

Taṃ hīne parasantake appasāvajjaṃ , paṇīte mahāsāvajjaṃ , kasmā ?

Vatthupaṇītatāya .

Vatthusamatte sati guṇādhikānaṃ santake vatthusmiṃ mahāsāvajjaṃV1.67 .

Taṃ taṃ guṇādhikaṃ upādāya tato tato hīnaguṇassa santake vatthusmiṃ appasāvajjaṃ .

Tassa pañca sambhārā honti – parapariggahitaṃ , parapariggahitasaññitā , theyyacittaṃ , upakkamo , tena haraṇanti .

Cha payogā – sāhatthikādayova .

Te ca kho yathānurūpaṃ theyyāvahāro , pasayhāvahāro , paṭicchannāvahāro , parikappāvahāro , kusāvahāroti imesaṃ avahārānaṃ vasena pavattā , ayamettha saṅkhepo .

Vitthāro pana samantapāsādikāyaṃ vutto .

DinnamevaP1.72M1.71 ādiyatīti dinnādāyī .

Cittenapi dinnameva paṭikaṅkhatīti dinnapāṭikaṅkhī .

Thenetīti theno .

Na thenena athenena .

Athenattāyeva sucibhūtena .

Attanāti attabhāvena .

Athenaṃ sucibhūtaṃ attānaṃ katvā viharatīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Sesaṃ paṭhamasikkhāpade vuttanayeneva yojetabbaṃ .

Yathā ca idha , evaṃ sabbattha .

Abrahmacariyan ti aseṭṭhacariyaṃ .

Brahmaṃ seṭṭhaṃ ācāraṃ caratīti brahmacārī .

Ārācārīti abrahmacariyato dūracārī .

Methunāti rāgapariyuṭṭhānavasena sadisattā methunakāti laddhavohārehi paṭisevitabbato methunāti saṅkhyaṃ gatā asaddhammā .

Gāmadhammāti gāmavāsīnaṃ dhammā .

9. Musāvādaṃ pahāyāti ettha musāti visaṃvādanapurekkhārassa atthabhañjanako vacīpayogo kāyapayogo , vā visaṃvādanādhippāyena panassa paravisaṃvādakakāyavacīpayogasamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā musāvādo .

Aparo nayo ,‘ musā ’ ti abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ vatthu .

‘ Vādo ’ ti tassa bhūtato tacchato viññāpanaṃ .

Lakkhaṇato pana atathaṃ vatthuṃ tathato paraṃ viññāpetukāmassa tathāviññattisamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā musāvādo .

So yamatthaṃ bhañjati , tassa appatāya appasāvajjo , mahantatāya mahāsāvajjo .

Api ca gahaṭṭhānaṃ attano santakaṃ adātukāmatāya natthītiādinayappavatto appasāvajjo , sakkhinā hutvā atthabhañjanatthaṃ vutto mahāsāvajjo , pabbajitānaṃ appakampi telaṃ vā sappiṃ vā labhitvā hasādhippāyena –

‘‘ ajja gāme telaṃ nadī maññe sandatī ’’ ti pūraṇakathānayenaV1.68 pavatto appasāvajjo , adiṭṭhaṃyeva pana diṭṭhantiādinā nayena vadantānaṃ mahāsāvajjo .

Tassa cattāro sambhārā honti – atathaṃ vatthu , visaṃvādanacittaṃ , tajjo vāyāmo , parassa tadatthavijānananti .

Eko payogo sāhatthikova .

So kāyena vā kāyapaṭibaddhena vā vācāyaP1.73 vā paravisaṃvādanakiriyākaraṇena daṭṭhabbo .

Tāya ce kiriyāya paro tamatthaṃ jānāti , ayaṃ kiriyasamuṭṭhāpikacetanākkhaṇeyeva musāvādakammunā bajjhati .

YasmāM1.72 pana yathā kāyakāyapaṭibaddhavācāhi paraṃ visaṃvādeti , tathā ‘‘ idamassa bhaṇāhī ’’ ti āṇāpentopi paṇṇaṃ likhitvā purato nissajjantopi ,‘‘ ayamattho evaṃ daṭṭhabbo ’’ ti kuḍḍādīsu likhitvā ṭhapentopi .

Tasmā ettha āṇattikanissaggiyathāvarāpi payogā yujjanti , aṭṭhakathāsu pana anāgatattā vīmaṃsitvā gahetabbā .

Saccaṃ vadatīti saccavādī .

Saccena saccaṃ sandahati ghaṭetīti saccasandho .

Na antarantarā musā vadatīti attho .

Yo hi puriso kadāci musā vadati , kadāci saccaṃ , tassa musāvādena antaritattā saccaṃ saccena na ghaṭīyati ;

tasmā so na saccasandho .

Ayaṃ pana na tādiso , jīvitahetupi musā avatvā saccena saccaṃ sandahati yevāti saccasandho .

Thetoti thiro thirakathoti attho .

Eko hi puggalo haliddirāgo viya , thusarāsimhi nikhātakhāṇu viya , assapiṭṭhe ṭhapitakumbhaṇḍamiva ca na thirakatho hoti , eko pāsāṇalekhā viya , indakhīlo viya ca thirakatho hoti , asinā sīsaṃ chindantepi dve kathā na katheti , ayaṃ vuccati theto .

Paccayikoti pattiyāyitabbako , saddhāyitabbakoti attho .

Ekacco hi puggalo na paccayiko hoti ,‘‘ idaṃ kena vuttaṃ , asukenā ’’ ti vutte ‘‘ mā tassa vacanaṃ saddahathā ’’ ti vattabbataṃ āpajjati .

Eko paccayiko hoti ,‘‘ idaṃ kena vuttaṃ , asukenā ’’ ti vutte ‘‘ yadi tena vuttaṃ , idameva pamāṇaṃ , idāni upaparikkhitabbaṃ natthi , evameva idan ’’ ti vattabbataṃ āpajjati , ayaṃ vuccati paccayiko .

Avisaṃvādako lokassāti tāya saccavāditāya lokaṃ na visaṃvādetīti attho .

PisuṇaṃV1.69 vācaṃ pahāyātiādīsu yāya vācāya yassa taṃ vācaṃP1.74 bhāsati , tassa hadaye attano piyabhāvaṃ , parassa ca suññabhāvaṃ karoti , sā pisuṇā vācā .

Yāya pana attānampi parampi pharusaṃ karoti , yā vācā sayampi pharusā , neva kaṇṇasukhā na hadayaṅgamā , ayaṃ pharusā vācā .

YenaM1.73 samphaṃ palapati niratthakaṃ , so samphappalāpo .

Tesaṃ mūlabhūtā cetanāpi pisuṇavācādināmeva labhati , sā eva ca idhādhippetāti .

Tattha saṃkiliṭṭhacittassa paresaṃ vā bhedāya attano piyakamyatāya vā kāyavacīpayogasamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā pisuṇavācā .

Sā yassa bhedaṃ karoti , tassa appaguṇatāya appasāvajjā , mahāguṇatāya mahāsāvajjā .

Tassā cattāro sambhārā – bhinditabbo paro ,‘‘ iti ime nānā bhavissanti , vinā bhavissantī ’’ ti bhedapurekkhāratā vā ,‘‘ iti ahaṃ piyo bhavissāmi vissāsiko ’’ ti piyakamyatā vā , tajjo vāyāmo , tassa tadatthavijānananti .

Imesaṃ bhedāyāti , yesaṃ itoti vuttānaṃ santike sutaṃ tesaṃ bhedāya .

Bhinnānaṃ vā sandhātāti dvinnaṃ mittānaṃ vā samānupajjhāyakādīnaṃ vā kenacideva kāraṇena bhinnānaṃ ekamekaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘ tumhākaṃ īdise kule jātānaṃ evaṃ bahussutānaṃ idaṃ na yuttan ’’ tiādīni vatvā sandhānaṃ kattā anukattā .

Anuppadātāti sandhānānuppadātā .

Dve jane samagge disvā –

‘‘ tumhākaṃ evarūpe kule jātānaṃ evarūpehi guṇehi samannāgatānaṃ anucchavikametan ’’ tiādīni vatvā daḷhīkammaṃ kattāti attho .

Samaggo ārāmo assāti samaggārāmo .

Yattha samaggā natthi , tattha vasitumpi na icchatīti attho .

Samaggarāmotipi pāḷi , ayamevettha attho .

Samaggaratoti samaggesu rato , te pahāya aññattha gantumpi na icchatīti attho .

Samagge disvāpi sutvāpi nandatīti samagganandī , samaggakaraṇiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitāti yā vācā satte samaggeyeva karotiP1.75 , taṃ sāmaggiguṇaparidīpikameva vācaṃ bhāsati , na itaranti .

ParassaV1.70 mammacchedakakāyavacīpayogasamuṭṭhāpikā ekantapharusacetanā pharusāvācā .

Tassā āvibhāvatthamidaṃ vatthu – eko kira dārako mātuvacanaṃ anādiyitvā araññaṃ gacchati , taṃ mātā nivattetumasakkontī –

‘‘ caṇḍā taṃ mahiṃsī anubandhatū ’’ ti akkosi .

Athassa tatheva araññe mahiṃsīM1.74 uṭṭhāsi .

Dārako ‘‘ yaṃ mama mātā mukhena kathesi , taṃ mā hotu , yaṃ cittena cintesi taṃ hotū ’’ ti , saccakiriyamakāsi .

Mahiṃsī tattheva baddhā viya aṭṭhāsi .

Evaṃ mammacchedakopi payogo cittasaṇhatāya na pharusā vācā hoti .

Mātāpitaro hi kadāci puttake evaṃ vadanti –

‘‘ corā vo khaṇḍākhaṇḍaṃ karontū ’’ ti , uppalapattampi ca nesaṃ upari patantaṃ na icchanti .

Ācariyupajjhāyā ca kadāci nissitake evaṃ vadanti –

‘‘ kiṃ ime ahirīkā anottappino caranti , niddhamatha ne ’’ ti , atha ca nesaṃ āgamādhigamasampattiṃ icchanti .

Yathā ca cittasaṇhatāya pharusā vācā na hoti , evaṃ vacanasaṇhatāya apharusā vācā na hoti .

Na hi mārāpetukāmassa –

‘‘ imaṃ sukhaṃ sayāpethā ’’ ti vacanaṃ apharusā vācā hoti , cittapharusatāya panesā pharusā vācāva .

Sā yaṃ sandhāya pavattitā , tassa appaguṇatāya appasāvajjā , mahāguṇatāya mahāsāvajjā .

Tassā tayo sambhārā – akkositabbo paro , kupitacittaṃ , akkosanāti .

Nelāti elaṃ vuccati doso , nāssā elanti nelā , niddosāti attho .

‘‘ Nelaṅgo setapacchādo ’’ ti ,( udā .65) ettha vuttanelaṃ viya .

Kaṇṇasukhāti byañjanamadhuratāya kaṇṇānaṃ sukhā , sūcivijjhanaṃ viya kaṇṇasūlaṃ na janeti .

Atthamadhuratāya sakalasarīre kopaṃ ajanetvā pemaṃ janetīti pemanīyā .

Hadayaṃ gacchati , appaṭihaññamānā sukhena cittaṃ pavisatīti hadayaṅgamā .

Guṇaparipuṇṇatāya pure bhavāti porī pure saṃvaḍḍhanārīP1.76 viya sukumārātipi porī .

Purassa esātipi porī .

Nagaravāsīnaṃ kathāti attho .

Nagaravāsino hi yuttakathā honti .

Pitimattaṃ pitāti vadanti , bhātimattaṃ bhātāti vadanti , mātimattaṃ mātāti vadanti .

Evarūpī kathā bahuno janassa kantā hotīti bahujanakantā .

Kantabhāveneva bahuno janassa manāpā cittavuḍḍhikarāti bahujanamanāpā .

Anatthaviññāpikā kāyavacīpayogasamuṭṭhāpikā akusalacetanā samphappalāpo .

So āsevanamandatāya appasāvajjo , āsevanamahantatāya mahāsāvajjo , tassa dve sambhārā – bhāratayuddhasītāharaṇādiniratthakakathāpurekkhāratā , tathārūpī kathā kathanañca .

KālenaM1.75 vadatīti kālavādī vattabbayuttakālaṃ sallakkhetvā vadatīti attho .

Bhūtaṃ tathaṃ tacchaṃV1.71 sabhāvameva vadatīti bhūtavādī .

Diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikatthasannissitameva katvā vadatīti atthavādī .

Navalokuttaradhammasannissitaṃ katvā vadatīti dhammavādī saṃvaravinayapahānavinayasannissitaṃ katvā vadatīti vinayavādī .

Nidhānaṃ vuccati ṭhapanokāso , nidhānamassā atthīti nidhānavatī .

Hadaye nidhātabbayuttakaṃ vācaṃ bhāsitāti attho .

Kālenāti evarūpiṃ bhāsamānopi ca –

‘‘ ahaṃ nidhānavatiṃ vācaṃ bhāsissāmī ’’ ti na akālena bhāsati , yuttakālaṃ pana apekkhitvāva bhāsatīti attho .

Sāpadesan ti saupamaṃ , sakāraṇanti attho .

Pariyantavatin ti paricchedaṃ dassetvā yathāssā paricchedo paññāyati , evaṃ bhāsatīti attho .

Atthasaṃhitan tiP1.77 anekehipi nayehi vibhajantena pariyādātuṃ asakkuṇeyyatāya atthasampannaṃ bhāsati .

Yaṃ vā so atthavādī atthaṃ vadati , tena atthena sahitattā atthasaṃhitaṃ vācaṃ bhāsati , na aññaṃ nikkhipitvā aññaṃ bhāsatīti vuttaṃ hoti .

10. Bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhāti mūlabījaṃ khandhabījaṃ phaḷubījaṃ aggabījaṃ bījabījanti pañcavidhassa bījagāmassa ceva , yassa kassaci nīlatiṇarukkhādikassa bhūtagāmassa ca samārambhā , chedanabhedanapacanādibhāvena vikopanā paṭiviratoti attho .

Ekabhattikoti pātarāsabhattaṃ sāyamāsabhattanti dve bhattāni , tesu pātarāsabhattaṃ antomajjhanhikena paricchinnaṃ , itaraṃ majjhanhikato uddhaṃ anto aruṇena .

Tasmā antomajjhanhike dasakkhattuṃ bhuñjamānopi ekabhattikova hoti .

Taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘ ekabhattiko ’’ ti .

Rattiyā bhojanaṃ ratti , tato uparatoti rattūparato .

Atikkante majjhanhike yāva sūriyatthaṅgamanā bhojanaṃ vikālabhojanaṃ nāma .

Tato viratattā virato vikālabhojanā .

Kadā virato ?

Anomānadītīre pabbajitadivasato paṭṭhāya .

Sāsanassa ananulomattā visūkaṃ paṭāṇībhūtaṃ dassananti visūkadassanaṃ .

Attanā naccananaccāpanādivasena naccā ca gītā ca vāditā ca antamasoM1.76 mayūranaccādivasenapi pavattānaṃ naccādīnaṃ visūkabhūtā dassanā cāti naccagītavāditavisūkadassanā .

Naccādīni hi attanāV1.72 payojetuṃ vā parehi payojāpetuṃ vā payuttāni passituṃ vā neva bhikkhūnaṃ na bhikkhunīnañca vaṭṭanti .

Mālādīsu mālāti yaṃ kiñci pupphaṃ .

Gandhan ti yaṃ kiñci gandhajātaṃ .

Vilepanan ti chavirāgakaraṇaṃ .

Tattha piḷandhanto dhāreti nāma , ūnaṭṭhānaṃ pūrento maṇḍeti nāma , gandhavasena chavirāgavasena ca sādiyanto vibhūseti nāma .

Ṭhānaṃ vuccati kāraṇaṃ .

Tasmā yāyaP1.78 dussīlyacetanāya tāni mālādhāraṇādīni mahājano karoti , tato paṭiviratoti attho .

Uccāsayanaṃ vuccati pamāṇātikkantaṃ .

Mahāsayanan ti akappiyapaccattharaṇaṃ .

Tato viratoti attho .

Jātarūpan ti suvaṇṇaṃ .

Rajatan ti kahāpaṇo , lohamāsako , jatumāsako , dārumāsakoti ye vohāraṃ gacchanti .

Tassa ubhayassāpi paṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato , neva naṃ uggaṇhāti , na uggaṇhāpeti , na upanikkhittaṃ sādiyatīti attho .

Āmakadhaññapaṭiggahaṇāti , sālivīhiyavagodhūmakaṅguvarakakudrūsakasaṅkhātassa sattavidhassāpi āmakadhaññassa paṭiggahaṇā .

Na kevalañca etesaṃ paṭiggahaṇameva , āmasanampi bhikkhūnaṃ na vaṭṭatiyeva .

Āmakamaṃsapaṭiggahaṇāti ettha aññatra odissa anuññātā āmakamaṃsamacchānaṃ paṭiggahaṇameva bhikkhūnaṃ na vaṭṭati , no āmasanaṃ .

Itthikumārikapaṭiggahaṇāti ettha itthīti purisantaragatā , itarā kumārikā nāma , tāsaṃ paṭiggahaṇampi āmasanampi akappiyameva .

Dāsidāsapaṭiggahaṇāti ettha dāsidāsavaseneva tesaṃ paṭiggahaṇaṃ na vaṭṭati .

‘‘ Kappiyakārakaṃ dammi , ārāmikaṃ dammī ’’ ti evaṃ vutte pana vaṭṭati .

Ajeḷakādīsu khettavatthupariyosānesu kappiyākappiyanayo vinayavasena upaparikkhitabbo .

Tattha khettaṃ nāma yasmiṃ pubbaṇṇaṃ ruhati .

Vatthu nāma yasmiṃ aparaṇṇaṃ ruhati .

Yattha vā ubhayampi ruhati , taṃ khettaṃ .

TadatthāyaM1.77 akatabhūmibhāgo vatthu .

Khettavatthusīsena cettha vāpitaḷākādīnipi saṅgahitāneva .

DūteyyaṃV1.73 vuccati dūtakammaṃ , gihīnaṃ pahitaṃ paṇṇaṃ vā sāsanaṃ vā gahetvā tattha tattha gamanaṃ .

Pahiṇagamanaṃ vuccati gharā gharaṃ pesitassa khuddakagamanaṃ .

Anuyogo nāma tadubhayakaraṇaṃ .

Tasmā dūteyyapahiṇagamanānaṃ anuyogāti .

Evamettha attho veditabbo .

Kayavikkayāti kayā ca vikkayā ca .

TulākūṭādīsuP1.79 kūṭan ti vañcanaṃ .

Tattha tulākūṭaṃ nāma rūpakūṭaṃ aṅgakūṭaṃ , gahaṇakūṭaṃ , paṭicchannakūṭanti catubbidhaṃ hoti .

Tattha rūpakūṭaṃ nāma dve tulā samarūpā katvā gaṇhanto mahatiyā gaṇhāti , dadanto khuddikāya deti .

Aṅgakūṭaṃ nāma gaṇhanto pacchābhāge hatthena tulaṃ akkamati , dadanto pubbabhāge .

Gahaṇakūṭaṃ nāma gaṇhanto mūle rajjuṃ gaṇhāti , dadanto agge .

Paṭicchannakūṭaṃ nāma tulaṃ susiraṃ katvā anto ayacuṇṇaṃ pakkhipitvā gaṇhanto taṃ pacchābhāge karoti , dadanto aggabhāge .

Kaṃso vuccati suvaṇṇapāti , tāya vañcanaṃ kaṃsakūṭaṃ .

Kathaṃ ?

Ekaṃ suvaṇṇapātiṃ katvā aññā dve tisso lohapātiyo suvaṇṇavaṇṇe karoti , tato janapadaṃ gantvā kiñcideva aḍḍhaṃ kulaṃ pavisitvā –

‘‘ suvaṇṇabhājanāni kiṇathā ’’ ti vatvā agghe pucchite samagghataraṃ dātukāmā honti .

Tato tehi –

‘‘ kathaṃ imesaṃ suvaṇṇabhāvo jānitabbo ’’ ti vutte ,‘‘ vīmaṃsitvā gaṇhathā ’’ ti suvaṇṇapātiṃ pāsāṇe ghaṃsitvā sabbā pātiyo datvā gacchati .

Mānakūṭaṃ nāma hadayabhedasikhābhedarajjubhedavasena tividhaṃ hoti .

Tattha hadayabhedo sappitelādiminanakāle labbhati .

Tāni hi gaṇhanto heṭṭhāchiddena mānena –

‘‘ saṇikaṃ āsiñcā ’’ ti vatvā antobhājane bahuṃ paggharāpetvā gaṇhāti , dadanto chiddaṃ pidhāya sīghaṃ pūretvā deti .

Sikhābhedo tilataṇḍulādiminanakāle labbhati .

Tāni hi gaṇhanto saṇikaṃ sikhaṃ ussāpetvā gaṇhāti , dadanto vegena pūretvā sikhaṃ chindanto deti .

RajjubhedoM1.78 khettavatthuminanakāle labbhati .

Lañjaṃ alabhantā hi khettaṃ amahantampi mahantaṃ katvā minanti .

Ukkoṭanādīsu ukkoṭanan ti assāmike sāmike kātuṃ lañjaggahaṇaṃ .

Vañcanan ti tehi tehi upāyehi paresaṃ vañcanaṃ .

Tatridamekaṃ vatthu – eko kira luddako migañca migapotakañca gahetvāV1.74 āgacchatiP1.80 , tameko dhutto –

‘‘ kiṃ bho , migo agghati , kiṃ migapotako ’’ ti āha .

‘‘ Migo dve kahāpaṇe , migapotako ekan ’’ ti ca vutte ekaṃ kahāpaṇaṃ datvā migapotakaṃ gahetvā thokaṃ gantvā nivatto –

‘‘ na me bho , migapotakena attho , migaṃ me dehī ’’ ti āha .

Tena hi – dve kahāpaṇe dehīti .

So āha –

‘‘ nanu te bho , mayā paṭhamaṃ eko kahāpaṇo dinno ’’ ti ?

‘‘ Āma , dinno ’’ ti .

‘‘ Idaṃ migapotakaṃ gaṇha , evaṃ so ca kahāpaṇo , ayañca kahāpaṇagghanako migapotakoti dve kahāpaṇā bhavissantī ’’ ti .

So ‘‘ kāraṇaṃ vadatī ’’ ti sallakkhetvā migapotakaṃ gahetvā migaṃ adāsīti .

Nikatīti yogavasena vā māyāvasena vā apāmaṅgaṃ pāmaṅganti , amaṇiṃ maṇinti , asuvaṇṇaṃ suvaṇṇanti katvā patirūpakena vañcanaṃ .

Sāciyogoti kuṭilayogo , etesaṃyeva ukkoṭanādīnametaṃ nāmaṃ .

Tasmā – ukkoṭanasāciyogo , vañcanasāciyogo , nikatisāciyogoti , evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo .

Keci aññaṃ dassetvā aññassa parivattanaṃ sāciyogoti vadanti .

Taṃ pana vañcaneneva saṅgahitaṃ .

Chedanādīsu chedanan ti hatthacchedanādi .

Vadhoti māraṇaṃ .

Bandhoti rajjubandhanādīhi bandhanaṃ .

Viparāmosoti himaviparāmoso , gumbaviparāmosoti duvidho .

Yaṃ himapātasamaye himena paṭicchannā hutvā maggappaṭipannaṃ janaṃ musanti , ayaṃ himaviparāmoso .

Yaṃ gumbādīhi paṭicchannā musanti , ayaṃ gumbaviparāmoso .

Ālopo vuccati gāmanigamādīnaṃ vilopakaraṇaṃ .

Sahasākāroti sāhasikakiriyā .

Gehaṃ pavisitvā manussānaṃ ure satthaṃ ṭhapetvā icchitabhaṇḍānaṃ gahaṇaṃ .

Evametasmā chedana … pe … sahasākārā paṭivirato samaṇo gotamoti .

Iti vā hi , bhikkhave , puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyyāti .

Ettāvatā cūḷasīlaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ hoti .

Majjhimasīlavaṇṇanā

11. IdāniP1.81M1.79 majjhimasīlaṃ vitthārento ‘‘ yathā vā paneke bhonto ’’ tiādimāha .

Tatrāyaṃ anuttānapadavaṇṇanā .

Saddhādeyyānīti kammañca phalañca idhalokañca paralokañca saddahitvā dinnāni .

‘ Ayaṃ me ñātī ’ ti vā ,‘ mitto ’ ti vā , idaṃ paṭikarissati , idaṃ vā tena katapubbanti vā , evaṃ na dinnānīti attho .

Evaṃ dinnāni hi na saddhādeyyāni nāma hontiV1.75 .

Bhojanānīti desanāsīsamattametaṃ , atthato pana saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā cīvarāni pārupitvā senāsanāni sevamānā gilānabhesajjaṃ paribhuñjamānāti sabbametaṃ vuttameva hoti .

Seyyathidan ti nipāto .

Tassattho katamo so bījagāmabhūtagāmo , yassa samārambhaṃ anuyuttā viharantīti .

Tato taṃ dassento mūlabījan tiādimāha .

Tattha mūlabījaṃ nāma haliddi , siṅgiveraṃ , vacā , vacattaṃ , ativisā , kaṭukarohiṇī , usīraṃ , bhaddamuttakanti evamādi .

Khandhabījaṃ nāma assattho , nigrodho , pilakkho , udumbaro , kacchako , kapitthanoti evamādi .

Phaḷubījaṃ nāma ucchu , naḷo , veḷūti evamādi .

Aggabījaṃ nāma ajjakaṃ , phaṇijjakaṃ , hiriveranti evamādi .

Bījabījaṃ nāma pubbaṇṇaṃ aparaṇṇanti evamādi .

Sabbañhetaṃ rukkhato viyojitaṃ viruhanasamatthameva ‘‘ bījagāmo ’’ ti vuccati .

Rukkhato pana aviyojitaṃ asukkhaṃ ‘‘ bhūtagāmo ’’ ti vuccati .

Tattha bhūtagāmasamārambho pācittiyavatthu , bījagāmasamārambho dukkaṭavatthūti veditabbo .

12. Sannidhikāraparibhogan ti sannidhikatassa paribhogaṃ .

Tattha duvidhā kathā , vinayavasena ca sallekhavasena ca .

Vinayavasena tāva yaṃ kiñci annaṃ ajja paṭiggahitaṃ aparajju sannidhikārakaṃ hoti , tassa paribhoge pācittiyaṃP1.82 .

Attanā laddhaṃ pana sāmaṇerānaṃ datvā , tehi laddhaṃ ṭhapāpetvā dutiyadivase bhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati , sallekho pana na hoti .

Pānasannidhimhi pi eseva nayo .

Tattha pānaṃ nāma ambapānādīni aṭṭha pānāni , yāni ca tesaṃ anulomāni .

Tesaṃ vinicchayo samantapāsādikāyaṃ vutto .

VatthasannidhimhiM1.80 anadhiṭṭhitaṃ avikappitaṃ sannidhi ca hoti , sallekhañca kopeti , ayaṃ pariyāyakathā .

Nippariyāyato pana ticīvarasantuṭṭhena bhavitabbaṃ , catutthaṃ labhitvā aññassa dātabbaṃ .

Sace yassa kassaci dātuṃ na sakkoti , yassa pana dātukāmo hoti , so uddesatthāya vā paripucchatthāya vā gato , āgatamatte dātabbaṃ , adātuṃ na vaṭṭati .

Cīvare pana appahonte satiyā paccāsāya anuññātakālaṃ ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati .

Sūcisuttacīvarakārakānaṃ alābhena tato parampi vinayakammaṃ katvā ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati .

‘‘ Imasmiṃ jiṇṇe puna īdisaṃ kuto labhissāmī ’’ ti pana ṭhapetuṃ na vaṭṭati , sannidhi ca hoti , sallekhañca kopeti .

YānasannidhimhiV1.76 yānaṃ nāma vayhaṃ , ratho , sakaṭaṃ , sandamānikā , sivikā , pāṭaṅkīti ;

netaṃ pabbajitassa yānaṃ .

Upāhanā pana pabbajitassa yānaṃyeva .

Ekabhikkhussa hi eko araññatthāya , eko dhotapādakatthāyāti , ukkaṃsato dve upāhanasaṅghāṭā vaṭṭanti .

Tatiyaṃ labhitvā aññassa dātabbo .

‘‘ Imasmiṃ jiṇṇe aññaṃ kuto labhissāmī ’’ ti hi ṭhapetuṃ na vaṭṭati , sannidhi ca hoti , sallekhañca kopeti .

Sayanasannidhimhi sayananti mañco .

Ekassa bhikkhuno eko gabbhe , eko divāṭhāneti ukkaṃsato dve mañcā vaṭṭanti .

Tato uttari labhitvā aññassa bhikkhuno vā gaṇassa vā dātabbo ;

adātuṃ na vaṭṭati .

Sannidhi ca hoti , sallekhañca kopeti .

Gandhasannidhimhi bhikkhuno kaṇḍukacchuchavidosādiābādheP1.83 sati gandhā vaṭṭanti .

Te gandhe āharāpetvā tasmiṃ roge vūpasante aññesaṃ vā ābādhikānaṃ dātabbā , dvāre pañcaṅguligharadhūpanādīsu vā upanetabbā .

‘‘ Puna roge sati bhavissantī ’’ ti pana ṭhapetuṃ na vaṭṭati , sannidhi ca hoti , sallekhañca kopeti .

Āmisan ti vuttāvasesaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Seyyathidaṃ , idhekacco bhikkhu –

‘‘ tathārūpe kāle upakārāya bhavissatī ’’ ti tilataṇḍulamuggamāsanāḷikeraloṇamacchamaṃsavallūrasappitelaguḷabhājanādīni āharāpetvā ṭhapeti .

So vassakāle kālasseva sāmaṇerehi yāguṃ pacāpetvā paribhuñjitvā ‘‘ sāmaṇera , udakakaddame dukkhaṃ gāmaṃ pavisituṃ , gaccha asukaṃ kulaṃM1.81 gantvā mayhaṃ vihāre nisinnabhāvaṃ ārocehi ;

asukakulato dadhiādīni āharā ’’ ti peseti .

Bhikkhūhi –

‘‘ kiṃ , bhante , gāmaṃ pavisissathā ’’ ti vuttepi ,‘‘ duppaveso , āvuso , idāni gāmo ’’ ti vadati .

Te –

‘‘ hotu , bhante , acchatha tumhe , mayaṃ bhikkhaṃ pariyesitvā āharissāmā ’’ ti gacchanti .

Atha sāmaṇeropi dadhiādīni āharitvā bhattañca byañjanañca sampādetvā upaneti , taṃ bhuñjantasseva upaṭṭhākā bhattaṃ pahiṇanti , tatopi manāpaṃ manāpaṃ bhuñjati .

Atha bhikkhū piṇḍapātaṃ gahetvā āgacchanti , tatopi manāpaṃ manāpaṃ gīvāyāmakaṃ bhuñjatiyeva .

Evaṃ catumāsampi vītināmeti .

Ayaṃ vuccati –

‘‘ bhikkhu muṇḍakuṭumbikajīvikaṃ jīvati , na samaṇajīvikan ’’ ti .

Evarūpo āmisasannidhi nāma hoti .

Bhikkhuno pana vasanaṭṭhāne ekā taṇḍulanāḷi , eko guḷapiṇḍo , catubhāgamattaṃ sappīti ettakaṃ nidhetuṃ vaṭṭati , akāle sampattacorānaṃ atthāya .

Te hi ettakampi āmisapaṭisanthāraṃ alabhantāV1.77 jīvitāpi voropeyyuṃ , tasmā sace ettakaṃ natthi , āharāpetvāpiP1.84 ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati .

Aphāsukakāle ca yadettha kappiyaṃ , taṃ attanāpi paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati .

Kappiyakuṭiyaṃ pana bahuṃ ṭhapentassāpi sannidhi nāma natthi .

Tathāgatassa pana taṇḍulanāḷiādīsu vā yaṃ kiñci caturatanamattaṃ vā pilotikakhaṇḍaṃ ‘‘ idaṃ me ajja vā sve vā bhavissatī ’’ ti ṭhapitaṃ nāma natthi .

13. Visūkadassanesu naccaṃ nāma yaṃ kiñci naccaṃ , taṃ maggaṃ gacchantenāpi gīvaṃ pasāretvā daṭṭhuṃ na vaṭṭati .

Vitthāravinicchayo panettha samantapāsādikāyaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbo .

Yathā cettha , evaṃ sabbesu sikkhāpadapaṭisaṃyuttesu suttapadesu .

Ito parañhi ettakampi avatvā tattha tattha payojanamattameva vaṇṇayissāmāti .

Pekkhan ti naṭasamajjaṃ .

Akkhānan ti bhāratayujjhanādikaṃ .

Yasmiṃ ṭhāne kathīyati , tattha gantumpi na vaṭṭati .

Pāṇissaran ti kaṃsatāḷaṃ , pāṇitāḷantipi vadanti .

Vetāḷan ti ghanatāḷaṃ , mantena matasarīruṭṭhāpanantipi eke .

Kumbhathūṇan ti caturassaambaṇakatāḷaṃ , kumbhasaddantipi eke .

Sobhanakan ti naṭānaṃM1.82 abbhokkiraṇaṃ , sobhanakaraṃ vā , paṭibhānacittanti vuttaṃ hoti .

Caṇḍālan ti ayoguḷakīḷā , caṇḍālānaṃ sāṇadhovanakīḷātipi vadanti .

Vaṃsan ti veḷuṃ ussāpetvā kīḷanaṃ .

Dhovanan ti aṭṭhidhovanaṃ , ekaccesu kira janapadesu kālaṅkate ñātake na jhāpenti , nikhaṇitvā ṭhapenti .

Atha nesaṃ pūtibhūtaṃ kāyaṃ ñatvā nīharitvā aṭṭhīni dhovitvā gandhehi makkhetvā ṭhapenti .

Te nakkhattakāle ekasmiṃ ṭhāne aṭṭhīni ṭhapetvā ekasmiṃ ṭhāne surādīni ṭhapetvā rodantā paridevantā suraṃ pivanti .

Vuttampi cetaṃ –

‘‘ atthi , bhikkhaveP1.85 , dakkhiṇesu janapadesu aṭṭhidhovanaṃ nāma , tattha hoti annampi pānampi khajjampi bhojjampi leyyampi peyyampi naccampi gītampi vāditampi .

Atthetaṃ , bhikkhave , dhovanaṃ , netaṃ natthīti vadāmī ’’ ti ( a . ni .10.107).

Ekacce pana indajālena aṭṭhidhovanaṃ dhovanantipi vadanti .

Hatthiyuddhādīsu bhikkhuno neva hatthiādīhi saddhiṃ yujjhituṃ , na te yujjhāpetuṃ , na yujjhante daṭṭhuṃ vaṭṭati .

Nibbuddhan ti mallayuddhaṃ .

Uyyodhikan ti yattha sampahāro dissati .

Balaggan ti balagaṇanaṭṭhānaṃ .

Senābyūhan ti senāniveso , sakaṭabyūhādivasena senāya nivesanaṃ .

Anīkadassanan ti –

‘‘ tayo hatthī pacchimaṃ hatthānīkan ’’ tiādinā ( pāci .324) nayena vuttassa anīkassa dassanaṃ .

14. PamādoV1.78 ettha tiṭṭhatīti pamādaṭṭhānaṃ .

Jūtañca taṃ pamādaṭṭhānañcāti jūtappamādaṭṭhānaṃ .

Ekekāya pantiyā aṭṭha aṭṭha padāni assāti aṭṭhapadaṃ dasapadepi eseva nayo .

Ākāsan ti aṭṭhapadadasapadesu viya ākāseyeva kīḷanaṃ .

Parihārapathan ti bhūmiyaṃ nānāpathamaṇḍalaṃ katvā tattha tattha pariharitabbaṃ , pathaṃ pariharantānaṃ kīḷanaṃ .

Santikan ti santikakīḷanaṃ .

Ekajjhaṃ ṭhapitā sāriyo vā sakkharāyo vā acālentā nakheneva apanenti ca upanenti ca , sace tattha kāci calati , parājayo hoti , evarūpāya kīḷāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ .

Khalikan ti jūtaphalake pāsakakīḷanaṃ .

Ghaṭikā vuccati dīghadaṇḍakena rassadaṇḍakaṃ paharaṇakīḷanaṃ .

Salākahatthan ti lākhāya vā mañjiṭṭhikāya vā piṭṭhodakena vā salākahatthaṃP1.86 temetvā –

‘‘ kiṃM1.83 hotū ’’ ti bhūmiyaṃ vā bhittiyaṃ vā taṃ paharitvā hatthiassādirūpadassanakīḷanaṃ .

Akkhan ti guḷakīḷā .

Paṅgacīraṃ vuccati paṇṇanāḷikaṃ , taṃ dhamantā kīḷanti .

Vaṅkakan ti gāmadārakānaṃ kīḷanakaṃ khuddakanaṅgalaṃ .

Mokkhacikā vuccati samparivattanakīḷā , ākāse vā daṇḍakaṃ gahetvā bhūmiyaṃ vā sīsaṃ ṭhapetvā heṭṭhupariyabhāvena parivattanakīḷāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Ciṅgulikaṃ vuccati tālapaṇṇādīhi kataṃ vātappahārena paribbhamanacakkaṃ .

Pattāḷhakaṃ vuccati paṇṇanāḷikā .

Tāya vālukādīni minantā kīḷanti .

Rathakan ti khuddakarathaṃ .

Dhanukan ti khuddakadhanumeva .

Akkharikā vuccati ākāse vā piṭṭhiyaṃ vā akkharajānanakīḷā .

Manesikā nāma manasā cintitajānanakīḷā .

Yathāvajjaṃ nāma kāṇakuṇikhujjādīnaṃ yaṃ yaṃ vajjaṃ , taṃ taṃ payojetvā dassanakīḷā .

15. Āsandin ti pamāṇātikkantāsanaṃ .

Anuyuttā viharantīti idaṃ apekkhitvā pana sabbapadesu upayogavacanaṃ kataṃ .

Pallaṅkoti pādesu vāḷarūpāni ṭhapetvā kato .

Gonakoti dīghalomako mahākojavo , caturaṅgulādhikāni kira tassa lomāni .

Cittakan ti vānavicittaṃ uṇṇāmayattharaṇaṃ .

Paṭikāti uṇṇāmayo setattharaṇo .

PaṭalikātiP1.87 ghanapupphako uṇṇāmayattharaṇo .

Yo āmalakapattotipi vuccati .

Tūlikāti tiṇṇaṃ tūlānaṃ aññatarapuṇṇā tūlikā .

Vikatikāti sīhabyagghādirūpavicitro uṇṇāmayattharaṇo .

Uddalomīti ubhayatodasaṃ uṇṇāmayattharaṇaṃ , keci ‘‘ ekatouggatapupphan ’’ ti vadanti .

Ekantalomīti ekatodasaṃ uṇṇāmayattharaṇaṃ .

Keci ‘‘ ubhatouggatapupphan ’’ ti vadanti .

Kaṭṭissan ti ratanaparisibbitaṃ koseyyakaṭṭissamayapaccattharaṇaṃ .

Koseyyan ti ratanaparisibbitameva kosiyasuttamayapaccattharaṇaṃ .

Suddhakoseyyaṃ pana vaṭṭatīti vinaye vuttaṃ .

Dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘‘ ṭhapetvā tūlikaṃ sabbāneva gonakādīni ratanaparisibbitāni na vaṭṭantī ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Kuttakan ti soḷasannaṃ nāṭakitthīnaṃ ṭhatvā naccanayoggaṃ uṇṇāmayattharaṇaṃ .

Hatthattharaṃ assattharan tiV1.79 hatthiassapiṭṭhīsu attharaṇaattharakāyeva .

Rathattharepi eseva nayo .

Ajinappaveṇīti ajinacammehi mañcappamāṇena sibbitvā katāM1.84 paveṇī .

Kadalīmigapavarapaccattharaṇan ti kadalīmigacammaṃ nāma atthi , tena kataṃ pavarapaccattharaṇaṃ ;

uttamapaccattharaṇanti attho .

Taṃ kira setavatthassa upari kadalīmigacammaṃ pattharitvā sibbetvā karonti .

Sauttaracchadan ti saha uttaracchadena , uparibaddhena rattavitānena saddhinti attho .

Setavitānampi heṭṭhā akappiyapaccattharaṇe sati na vaṭṭati , asati pana vaṭṭati .

Ubhatolohitakūpadhānan ti sīsūpadhānañca pādūpadhānañcātiP1.88 mañcassa ubhatolohitakaṃ upadhānaṃ , etaṃ na kappati .

Yaṃ pana ekameva upadhānaṃ ubhosu passesu rattaṃ vā hoti padumavaṇṇaṃ vā vicitraṃ vā , sace pamāṇayuttaṃ , vaṭṭati .

Mahāupadhānaṃ pana paṭikkhittaṃ .

Alohitakāni dvepi vaṭṭantiyeva .

Tato uttari labhitvā aññesaṃ dātabbāni .

Dātuṃ asakkonto mañce tiriyaṃ attharitvā upari paccattharaṇaṃ datvā nipajjitumpi labhati .

Āsandīādīsu pana vuttanayeneva paṭipajjitabbaṃ .

Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘ anujānāmi , bhikkhave , āsandiyā pāde chinditvā paribhuñjituṃ , pallaṅkassa vāḷe bhinditvā paribhuñjituṃ , tūlikaṃ vijaṭetvā bimbohanaṃ kātuṃ , avasesaṃ bhummattharaṇaṃ kātun ’’ ti ( cūḷava .297).

16. Ucchādanādīsu mātukucchito nikkhantadārakānaṃ sarīragandho dvādasavassapattakāle nassati , tesaṃ sarīraduggandhaharaṇatthāya gandhacuṇṇādīhi ucchādenti , evarūpaṃ ucchādanaṃ na vaṭṭati .

Puññavante pana dārake ūrūsu nipajjāpetvā telena makkhetvā hatthapādaūrunābhiādīnaṃ saṇṭhānasampādanatthaṃ parimaddanti , evarūpaṃ parimaddanaṃ na vaṭṭati .

Nhāpanan ti tesaṃyeva dārakānaṃ gandhādīhi nhāpanaṃ .

Sambāhanan ti mahāmallānaṃ viya hatthapāde muggarādīhi paharitvā bāhuvaḍḍhanaṃ .

Ādāsan ti yaṃ kiñci ādāsaṃ pariharituṃ na vaṭṭati .

Añjanan ti alaṅkārañjanameva .

Mālāti baddhamālā vā abaddhamālā vā .

Vilepanan ti yaṃ kiñci chavirāgakaraṇaṃ .

Mukhacuṇṇaṃ mukhalepanan ti mukhe kāḷapīḷakādīnaṃ haraṇatthāya mattikakakkaṃ denti , tena lohite calite sāsapakakkaṃ denti , tena dose khādite tilakakkaṃ denti , tena lohite sannisinne haliddikakkaṃ denti , tena chavivaṇṇe ārūḷhe mukhacuṇṇakena mukhaṃ cuṇṇenti , taṃ sabbaṃ na vaṭṭati .

HatthabandhādīsuP1.89M1.85 hatthe vicitrasaṅkhakapālādīni bandhitvā vicaranti , taṃ vā aññaṃ vā sabbampi hatthābharaṇaṃ na vaṭṭati , apare sikhaṃ bandhitvā vicaranti .

Suvaṇṇacīrakamuttalatādīhi caV1.80 taṃ parikkhipanti ;

taṃ sabbaṃ na vaṭṭati .

Apare catuhatthadaṇḍaṃ vā aññaṃ vā pana alaṅkatadaṇḍakaṃ gahetvā vicaranti , tathā itthipurisarūpādivicittaṃ bhesajjanāḷikaṃ suparikkhittaṃ vāmapasse olaggitaṃ ;

apare kaṇṇikaratanaparikkhittakosaṃ atitikhiṇaṃ asiṃ , pañcavaṇṇasuttasibbitaṃ makaradantakādivicittaṃ chattaṃ , suvaṇṇarajatādivicitrā morapiñchādiparikkhittā upāhanā , keci ratanamattāyāmaṃ caturaṅgulavitthataṃ kesantaparicchedaṃ dassetvā meghamukhe vijjulataṃ viya nalāṭe uṇhīsapaṭṭaṃ bandhanti , cūḷāmaṇiṃ dhārenti , cāmaravālabījaniṃ dhārenti , taṃ sabbaṃ na vaṭṭati .

17. Aniyyānikattā saggamokkhamaggānaṃ tiracchānabhūtā kathāti tiracchānakathā .

Tattha rājānaṃ ārabbha mahāsammato mandhātā dhammāsoko evaṃ mahānubhāvotiādinā nayena pavattā kathā rājakathā .

Esa nayo corakathādīsu .

Tesu asuko rājā abhirūpo dassanīyotiādinā nayena gehassitakathāva tiracchānakathā hoti .

Sopi nāma evaṃ mahānubhāvo khayaṃ gatoti evaṃ pavattā pana kammaṭṭhānabhāve tiṭṭhati .

Coresu mūladevo evaṃ mahānubhāvo , meghamālo evaṃ mahānubhāvoti tesaṃ kammaṃ paṭicca aho sūrāti gehassitakathāva tiracchānakathā .

Yuddhepi bhāratayuddhādīsu asukena asuko evaṃ mārito , evaṃ viddhoti kāmassādavaseneva kathā tiracchānakathā .

Tepi nāma khayaṃ gatāti evaṃ pavattā pana sabbattha kammaṭṭhānameva hoti .

Api ca annādīsu evaṃ vaṇṇavantaṃ gandhavantaṃ rasavantaṃ phassasampannaṃ khādimha bhuñjimhāti kāmassādavasena kathetuṃ na vaṭṭati .

SātthakaṃP1.90 pana katvā pubbe evaṃ vaṇṇādisampannaṃ annaṃ pānaṃ vatthaṃ sayanaṃ mālaṃ gandhaṃ sīlavantānaṃ adamha , cetiye pūjaṃ karimhāti kathetuṃ vaṭṭati .

Ñātikathādīsu pana ‘‘ amhākaṃ ñātakā sūrā samatthā ’’ ti vā ‘‘ pubbe mayaṃ evaṃ vicitrehi yānehi vicarimhā ’’ ti vā assādavasena vattuṃ na vaṭṭati .

Sātthakaṃ pana katvā ‘‘ tepi no ñātakā khayaṃ gatā ’’ ti vā ‘‘ pubbe mayaṃ evarūpā upāhanā saṅghassa adamhā ’’ ti vā kathetuṃ vaṭṭati .

Gāmakathāpi suniviṭṭhadunniviṭṭhasubhikkhadubbhikkhādivasena vā ‘‘ asukagāmavāsino sūrā samatthā ’’ tiM1.86 vā evaṃ assādavasena na vaṭṭati .

Sātthakaṃ pana katvā ‘‘ saddhā pasannā ’’ ti vā ‘‘ khayavayaṃ gatā ’’ ti vā vattuṃ vaṭṭati .

Nigamanagarajanapadakathādīsupi eseva nayo .

Itthikathāpi vaṇṇasaṇṭhānādīni paṭicca assādavasena na vaṭṭati , saddhā pasannā khayavayaṃ gatāti evameva vaṭṭati .

Sūrakathāpi ‘ nandimitto nāma yodho sūro ahosī ’ ti assādavasena na vaṭṭati .

Saddho ahosi khayaṃ gatoti evameva vaṭṭati .

Visikhākathāpi ‘‘ asukāV1.81 visikhā suniviṭṭhā dunniviṭṭhā sūrā samatthā ’’ ti assādavasena na vaṭṭati .

Saddhā pasannā khayavayaṃ gatāti evameva vaṭṭati .

Kumbhaṭṭhānakathāti udakaṭṭhānakathā , udakatitthakathātipi vuccati , kumbhadāsikathā vā , sāpi ‘‘ pāsādikā naccituṃ gāyituṃ chekā ’’ ti assādavasena na vaṭṭati ;

saddhā pasannātiādinā nayeneva vaṭṭati .

Pubbapetakathāti atītañātikathā .

Tattha vattamānañātikathāsadiso vinicchayo .

Nānattakathāti purimapacchimakathāhi vimuttā avasesā nānāsabhāvā niratthakakathā .

Lokakkhāyikāti ayaṃ loko kena nimmito , asukena nāmaP1.91 nimmito .

Kāko seto , aṭṭhīnaṃ setattā ;

balākā rattā .

Lohitassa rattattāti evamādikā lokāyatavitaṇḍasallāpakathā .

Samuddakkhāyikā nāma kasmā samuddo sāgaro ?

Sāgaradevena khato , tasmā sāgaro .

Khato meti hatthamuddāya sayaṃ niveditattā ‘‘ samuddo ’’ ti evamādikā niratthakā samuddakkhāyanakathā .

Bhavoti vuḍḍhi .

Abhavoti hāni .

Iti bhavo , iti abhavoti yaṃ vā taṃ vā niratthakakāraṇaṃ vatvā pavattitakathā itibhavābhavakathā .

18. Viggāhikakathāti viggahakathā , sārambhakathā .

Tattha sahitaṃ meti mayhaṃ vacanaṃ sahitaṃ siliṭṭhaṃ atthayuttaṃ kāraṇayuttanti attho .

Asahitaṃ teti tuyhaṃ vacanaṃ asahitaṃ asiliṭṭhaṃ .

Adhiciṇṇaṃ te viparāvattan ti yaṃ tuyhaṃ dīgharattāciṇṇavasena suppaguṇaṃ , taṃ mayhaṃ ekavacaneneva viparāvattaṃ parivattitvā ṭhitaṃ , na kiñci jānāsīti attho .

ĀropitoM1.87 te vādoti mayā tava doso āropito .

Cara vādappamokkhāyāti dosamocanatthaṃ cara , vicara ;

tattha tattha gantvā sikkhāti attho .

Nibbeṭhehi vā sace pahosīti atha sayaṃ pahosi , idānimeva nibbeṭhehīti .

19. Dūteyyakathāyaṃ idha gacchāti ito asukaṃ nāma ṭhānaṃ gaccha .

Amutrāgacchāti tato asukaṃ nāma ṭhānaṃ āgaccha .

Idaṃ harāti ito idaṃ nāma hara .

Amutra idaṃ āharāti asukaṭṭhānatoV1.82 idaṃ nāma idha āhara .

Saṅkhepato pana idaṃ dūteyyaṃ nāma ṭhapetvā pañca sahadhammike ratanattayassa upakārapaṭisaṃyuttañca gihīsāsanaṃ aññesaṃ na vaṭṭati .

20. Kuhakātiādīsu tividhena kuhanavatthunā lokaṃ kuhayanti , vimhāpayantīti kuhakā .

Lābhasakkāratthikā hutvā lapantīti lapakā .

Nimittaṃ sīlametesanti nemittikā .

Nippeso sīlametesanti nippesikā .

Lābhena lābhaṃ nijigīsantiP1.92 magganti pariyesanttīti lābhena lābhaṃ nijigīsitāro .

Kuhanā , lapanā , nemittikatā , nippesikatā , lābhena lābhaṃ nijigīsanatāti etāhi samannāgatānaṃ puggalānaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ .

Ayamettha saṅkhepo .

Vitthārena panetā kuhanādikā visuddhimagge sīlaniddeseyeva pāḷiñca aṭṭhakathañca āharitvā pakāsitāti .

Ettāvatā majjhimasīlaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ hoti .