1. KhandhiyavaggassaV2.219P2.249M2.229 paṭhame bhaggesūti evaṃnāmake janapade . Susumāragireti susumāragiranagare . Tasmiṃ kira māpiyamāne susumāro saddamakāsi , tenassa ‘‘ susumāragiran ’’ tveva nāmaṃ akaṃsu . Bhesakaḷāvaneti bhesakaḷāya nāma yakkhiniyā adhivutthattā evaṃladdhanāme vane . Tadeva migagaṇassaV2.220 abhayatthāya dinnattā migadāyoti vuccati . Bhagavā tasmiṃ janapade taṃ nagaraṃ nissāya tasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe viharati .

Nakulapitāti nakulassa nāma dārakassa pitā .

Jiṇṇoti jarājiṇṇo . Vuḍḍhoti vayovuḍḍho . Mahallakoti jātimahallako . Addhagatoti tiyaddhagato . Vayoanuppattoti tesu tīsu addhesu pacchimavayaṃ anuppatto . Āturakāyoti gilānakāyo . Idañhi sarīraṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇampi niccapaggharaṇaṭṭhena āturaṃyeva nāmaM2.230 . Visesena panassa jarāturatā byādhāturatā maraṇāturatāti tisso āturatā honti . Tāsu kiñcāpi eso mahallakattā jarāturova , abhiṇharogatāya panassa byādhāturatā idha adhippetā . Abhikkhaṇātaṅkoti abhiṇharogo nirantararogo .

Aniccadassāvīti tāya āturatāya icchiticchitakkhaṇe āgantuṃ asakkonto kadācideva daṭṭhuṃ labhāmi , na sabbakālanti attho . Manobhāvanīyānan ti manavaḍḍhakānaṃP2.250 . Yesu hi diṭṭhesu kusalavasena cittaṃ vaḍḍhati , te sāriputtamoggallānādayo mahātherā manobhāvanīyā nāma .

Anusāsatūti punappunaṃ sāsatu . Purimañhi vacanaṃ ovādo nāma , aparāparaṃ anusāsanī nāma . Otiṇṇe vā vatthusmiṃ vacanaṃ ovādo nāma , anotiṇṇe tantivasena vā paveṇivasena vā vuttaṃ anusāsanī nāma . Apica ovādoti vā anusāsanīti vā atthato ekameva , byañjanamattameva nānaṃ .

Anusāsatūti punappunaṃ sāsatu . Purimañhi vacanaṃ ovādo nāma , aparāparaṃ anusāsanī nāma . Otiṇṇe vā vatthusmiṃ vacanaṃ ovādo nāma , anotiṇṇe tantivasena vā paveṇivasena vā vuttaṃ anusāsanī nāma . Apica ovādoti vā anusāsanīti vā atthato ekameva , byañjanamattameva nānaṃ .

Āturo hāyan ti āturo hi ayaṃ , suvaṇṇavaṇṇo piyaṅgusāmopi samāno niccapaggharaṇaṭṭhena āturoyeva . Aṇḍabhūtoti aṇḍaṃ viya bhūto dubbalo . Yathā kukkuṭaṇḍaṃ vā mayūraṇḍaṃ vā geṇḍukaṃ viya gahetvā khipantena vā paharantena vā na sakkā kīḷituṃ , tāvadeva bhijjati , evamayampi kāyo kaṇṭakepi khāṇukepi pakkhalitassa bhijjatīti aṇḍaṃ viya bhūtoti aṇḍabhūto . Pariyonaddhoti sukhumena chavimattena pariyonaddho . Aṇḍañhi sāratacena pariyonaddhaṃ , tena ḍaṃsamakasādayo nilīyitvāpi chaviṃ chinditvā yūsaṃ paggharāpetuṃ na sakkonti . Imasmiṃ pana chaviṃ chinditvā yaṃ icchanti , taṃ karonti . Evaṃ sukhumāya chaviyā pariyonaddho .

Kimaññatra bālyāti bālabhāvato aññaṃ kimatthi ? Bāloyeva ayanti attho .

Tasmāti yasmā ayaṃ kāyo evarūpo , tasmā .

Tenupasaṅkamīti rañño cakkavattissa upaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā anantaraṃ pariṇāyakaratanassa upaṭṭhānaṃ gacchanto rājapuriso viya , saddhammacakkavattissa bhagavato upaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā , anantaraṃ dhammasenāpatissaV2.221 apacitiṃ kātukāmo yenāyasmā sāriputto , tenupasaṅkami .

Vippasannānīti suṭṭhu pasannāni . Indriyānīti manacchaṭṭhāni indriyāni . Etassa ca pariyodātataṃ disvāvaP2.251 indriyānaṃ vippasannataṃ aññāsi .

Parisuddhoti niddoso . PariyodātotiM2.231 tasseva vevacanaṃ . Nirupakkilesatāyeva hi esa pariyodātoti vutto , na setabhāvena .

Kathañhi no siyāti kena kāraṇena na laddhā bhavissati ? Laddhāyevāti attho . Iminā kiṃ dīpeti ? Satthuvissāsikabhāvaṃ . Ayaṃ kira satthu diṭṭhakālato paṭṭhāya pitipemaṃ , upāsikā cassa mātipemaṃ paṭilabhati . Ubhopi ‘‘ mama putto ’’ ti satthāraṃ vadanti . Bhavantaragato hi nesaṃ sineho . Sā kira upāsikā pañca jātisatāni tathāgatassa mātāva , so ca , gahapati , pitāva ahosi . Puna pañca jātisatāni upāsikā mahāmātā , upāsako mahāpitā , tathā cūḷāmātā cūḷapitāti . Evaṃ satthā diyaḍḍhaattabhāvasahassaṃ tesaṃyeva hatthe vaḍḍhito . Teneva te yaṃ neva puttassa , na pitu santike kathetuṃ sakkā , taṃ satthu santike nisinnā kathenti . Imināyeva ca kāraṇena bhagavā ‘‘ etadaggaṃ , bhikkhave , mama sāvakānaṃ upāsakānaṃ vissāsikānaṃ yadidaṃ nakulapitā gahapati , yadidaṃ nakulamātā gahapatānī ’’ ti ( a . ni .1.257) te etadagge ṭhapesi . Iti so imaṃ vissāsikabhāvaṃ pakāsento kathañhi no siyāti āha .

Amatena abhisittoti nassidha aññaṃ kiñci jhānaṃ vā vipassanā vā maggo vā phalaṃ vā ‘‘ amatābhiseko ’’ ti daṭṭhabbo , madhuradhammadesanāyeva pana ‘‘ amatābhiseko ’’ ti veditabbo .

Dūratopīti tiroraṭṭhāpi tirojanapadāpi .

Assutavā puthujjanoti idaṃ vuttatthameva . Ariyānaṃ adassāvītiādīsu ariyāti ārakattā kilesehi , anaye na iriyanato , aye iriyanato , sadevakena ca lokena araṇīyato buddhā ca paccekabuddhā ca buddhasāvakā ca vuccanti . Buddhā eva vā idha ariyā . Yathāha – ‘‘ sadevake , bhikkhave , loke … pe … tathāgato ariyo ’’ ti vuccatīti ( saṃ . ni .5.1098). Sappurisānan ti ettha pana paccekabuddhā tathāgatasāvakā ca sappurisāti veditabbā . Te hi lokuttaraguṇayogena sobhanā purisātiP2.252 sappurisā . Sabbeva vā ete dvedhāpi vuttā . Buddhāpi hi ariyā ca sappurisā ca , paccekabuddhā buddhasāvakāpi . Yathāha – ‘‘ YoV2.222M2.232 ve kataññū katavedi dhīro , Kalyāṇamitto daḷhabhatti ca hoti ; Dukhitassa sakkacca karoti kiccaṃ , Tathāvidhaṃ sappurisaṃ vadantī ’’ ti .( jā .2.17.78); ‘‘ Kalyāṇamitto daḷhabhatti ca hotī ’’ ti ettāvatā hi buddhasāvako vutto , kataññutādīhi paccekabuddhabuddhāti . Idāni yo tesaṃ ariyānaṃ adassanasīlo , na ca dassane sādhukārī , so ‘‘ ariyānaṃ adassāvī ’’ ti veditabbo . So ca cakkhunā adassāvī , ñāṇena adassāvīti duvidho . Tesu ñāṇena adassāvī idha adhippeto . Maṃsacakkhunā hi dibbacakkhunā vā ariyā diṭṭhāpi adiṭṭhāva honti tesaṃ cakkhūnaṃ vaṇṇamattaggahaṇato na ariyabhāvagocarato . Soṇasiṅgālādayopi cakkhunā ariye passanti , na cete ariyānaṃ dassāvino nāma . Tatridaṃ vatthu – cittalapabbatavāsino kira khīṇāsavattherassa upaṭṭhāko vuḍḍhapabbajito ekadivasaṃ therena saddhiṃ piṇḍāya caritvā , therassa pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā , piṭṭhito āgacchanto theraṃ pucchi – ‘‘ ariyā nāma , bhante , kīdisā ’’ ti ? Thero āha – ‘‘ idhekacco mahallako ariyānaṃ pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā vattapaṭivattaṃ katvā sahacarantopi neva ariye jānāti , evaṃ dujjānāvuso , ariyā ’’ ti . Evaṃ vuttepi so neva aññāsi . Tasmā na cakkhunā dassanaṃ dassanaṃ , ñāṇena dassanameva dassanaṃ . Yathāha – ‘‘ kiṃ te , vakkali , iminā pūtikāyena diṭṭhena ? Yo kho , vakkali , dhammaṃ passati , so maṃ passati . Yo maṃ passati , so dhammaṃ passatī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .3.87). Tasmā cakkhunā passantopi ñāṇena ariyehi diṭṭhaṃ aniccādilakkhaṇaṃ apassanto , ariyādhigatañca dhammaṃ anadhigacchanto ariyakaradhammānaṃ ariyabhāvassa ca adiṭṭhattā ‘‘ ariyānaṃ adassāvī ’’ ti veditabbo . Ariyadhammassa akovidoti , satipaṭṭhānādibhede ariyadhamme akusalo . Ariyadhamme avinītoti ettha pana – ‘‘ Duvidho vinayo nāma , ekamekettha pañcadhā ; Abhāvato tassa ayaṃ , avinītoti vuccati ’’. AyañhiV2.223P2.253M2.233 saṃvaravinayo pahānavinayoti duvidho vinayo . Ettha ca duvidhepi vinaye ekameko vinayo pañcadhā bhijjati . Saṃvaravinayo pi hi sīlasaṃvaro satisaṃvaro ñāṇasaṃvaro khantisaṃvaro vīriyasaṃvaroti pañcavidho . Pahānavinayo pi tadaṅgappahānaṃ , vikkhambhanappahānaṃ samucchedappahānaṃ paṭippassaddhippahānaṃ nissaraṇappahānanti pañcavidho . Tattha ‘‘ iminā pātimokkhasaṃvarena upeto hoti samupeto ’’ ti ( vibha .511) ayaṃ sīlasaṃvaro . ‘‘ Rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ , cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī ’’ ti ayaṃ ( dī . ni .1.213; ma . ni .1.295; saṃ . ni .4.239; a . ni .3.16) satisaṃvaro . ‘‘ Yāni sotāni lokasmiṃ ,( ajitāti bhagavā ) Sati tesaṃ nivāraṇaṃ ; Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūmi , Paññāyete pidhīyare ’’ ti .( su . ni .1041; cūḷani . ajitamāṇavapucchāniddesa .4)– Ayaṃ ñāṇasaṃvaro . ‘‘ Khamo hoti sītassa uṇhassā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.24; a . ni .4.114;6.58) ayaṃ khantisaṃvaro . ‘‘ Uppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ nādhivāsetī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.26; a . ni .4.114;6.58) ayaṃ vīriyasaṃvaro . Sabbopi cāyaṃ saṃvaro yathāsakaṃ saṃvaritabbānaṃ vinetabbānañca kāyaduccaritādīnaṃ saṃvaraṇato ‘‘ saṃvaro ’’ vinayanato ‘‘ vinayo ’’ ti vuccati . Evaṃ tāva saṃvaravinayo pañcadhā bhijjatīti veditabbo . Tathā yaṃ nāmarūpaparicchedādīsu vipassanāñāṇesu paṭipakkhabhāvato dīpālokeneva tamassa , tena tena vipassanāñāṇena tassa tassa anatthassa pahānaṃ . Seyyathidaṃ – nāmarūpavavatthānena sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā , paccayapariggahena ahetuvisamahetudiṭṭhīnaṃ , tasseva aparabhāgena kaṅkhāvitaraṇena kathaṃkathībhāvassa , kalāpasammasanena ‘‘ ahaṃ mamā ’’ ti gāhassa , maggāmaggavavatthānena amagge maggasaññāya , udayadassanena ucchedadiṭṭhiyā , vayadassanena sassatadiṭṭhiyā , bhayadassanena sabhaye abhayasaññāya , ādīnavadassanena assādasaññāya , nibbidānupassanāya abhiratisaññāyaM2.234 , muccitukamyatāñāṇena amuccitukāmatāya . Upekkhāñāṇena anupekkhāya , anulomenaV2.224 dhammaṭṭhitiyaṃ nibbāne ca paṭilomabhāvassa , gotrabhunā saṅkhāranimittagāhassa pahānaṃ , etaṃ tadaṅgappahānaṃ nāma . YaṃP2.254 pana upacārappanābhedena samādhinā pavattibhāvanivāraṇato ghaṭappahāreneva udakapiṭṭhe sevālassa , tesaṃ tesaṃ nīvaraṇādidhammānaṃ pahānaṃ , etaṃ vikkhambhanappahānaṃ nāma . Yaṃ catunnaṃ ariyamaggānaṃ bhāvitattā taṃtaṃmaggavato attano santāne ‘‘ diṭṭhigatānaṃ pahānāyā ’’ tiādinā nayena ( dha . sa .277; vibha .628) vuttassa samudayapakkhikassa kilesagaṇassa accantaṃ appavattibhāvena pahānaṃ , idaṃ samucchedappahānaṃ nāma . Yaṃ pana phalakkhaṇe paṭippassaddhattaṃ kilesānaṃ , etaṃ paṭippassaddhippahānaṃ nāma . Yaṃ sabbasaṅkhatanissaṭattā pahīnasabbasaṅkhataṃ nibbānaṃ , etaṃ nissaraṇappahānaṃ nāma . Sabbampi cetaṃ pahānaṃ yasmā cāgaṭṭhena pahānaṃ , vinayaṭṭhena vinayo , tasmā ‘‘ pahānavinayo ’’ ti vuccati . Taṃtaṃpahānavato vā tassa tassa vinayassa sambhavatopetaṃ ‘‘ pahānavinayo ’’ ti vuccati . Evaṃ pahānavinayopi pañcadhā bhijjatīti veditabbo . Evamayaṃ saṅkhepato duvidho , bhedato ca dasavidho vinayo bhinnasaṃvarattā pahātabbassa ca appahīnattā yasmā etassa assutavato puthujjanassa natthi , tasmā abhāvato tassa ayaṃ ‘‘ avinīto ’’ ti vuccatīti . Esa nayo sappurisānaṃ adassāvī sappurisadhammassa akovido sappurisadhamme avinītoti etthāpi . Ninnānākaraṇañhi etaṃ atthato . Yathāha – ‘‘ Yeva te ariyā , teva te sappurisā . Yeva te sappurisā , teva te ariyā . Yo eva so ariyānaṃ dhammo , so eva so sappurisānaṃ dhammo . Yo eva so sappurisānaṃ dhammo , so eva so ariyānaṃ dhammo . Yeva te ariyavinayā , teva te sappurisavinayā . Yeva te sappurisavinayāM2.235 , teva te ariyavinayā . Ariyeti vā sappuriseti vā , ariyadhammeti vā sappurisadhammeti vā , ariyavinayeti vā sappurisavinayeti vā esese eke ekaṭṭhe same samabhāge tajjāte taññevā ’’ ti .

Rūpaṃ attato samanupassatīti idhekacco rūpaṃ attato samanupassati ,‘‘ yaṃ rūpaṃ , so ahaṃV2.225 , yo ahaṃ , taṃ rūpan ’’ ti rūpañcaP2.255 attañca advayaṃ samanupassati . Seyyathāpi nāma telappadīpassa jhāyato yā acci , so vaṇṇo . Yo vaṇṇo , sā accīti acciñca vaṇṇañca advayaṃ samanupassati , evameva idhekacco rūpaṃ attato samanupassati … pe … advayaṃ samanupassatīti evaṃ rūpaṃ ‘‘ attā ’’ ti diṭṭhipassanāya passati . Rūpavantaṃ vā attānan ti arūpaṃ ‘‘ attā ’’ ti gahetvā chāyāvantaṃ rukkhaṃ viya taṃ rūpavantaṃ samanupassati . Attani vā rūpan ti arūpameva ‘‘ attā ’’ ti gahetvā pupphasmiṃ gandhaṃ viya attani rūpaṃ samanupassati . Rūpasmiṃ vā attānan ti arūpameva ‘‘ attā ’’ ti gahetvā karaṇḍake maṇiṃ viya taṃ attānaṃ rūpasmiṃ samanupassati .

Pariyuṭṭhaṭṭhāyīti pariyuṭṭhānākārena abhibhavanākārena ṭhito ,‘‘ ahaṃ rūpaṃ , mama rūpan ’’ ti evaṃ taṇhādiṭṭhīhi gilitvā pariniṭṭhapetvā gaṇhanako nāma hotīti attho .

Tassa taṃ rūpan ti tassa taṃ evaṃ gahitaṃ rūpaṃ .

Vedanādīsupi eseva nayo . Tattha ‘‘ rūpaṃ attato samanupassatī ’’ ti suddharūpameva attāti kathitaṃ . ‘‘ Rūpavantaṃ vā attānaṃ , attani vā rūpaṃ , rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ , vedanaṃ attato … pe … saññaṃ … saṅkhāre … viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassatī ’’ ti imesu sattasu ṭhānesu arūpaṃ attāti kathitaṃ . ‘‘ Vedanāvantaṃ vā attānaṃ , attani vā vedanaṃ , vedanāya vā attānan ’’ ti evaṃ catūsu khandhesu tiṇṇaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vasena dvādasasu ṭhānesu rūpārūpamissako attā kathito . Tattha ‘‘ rūpaṃ attato samanupassati , vedanaṃ … saññaṃ … saṅkhāre … viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassatī ’’ ti imesu pañcasu ṭhānesu ucchedadiṭṭhi kathitā , avasesesu sassatadiṭṭhīti evamettha pannarasa bhavadiṭṭhiyo pañca vibhavadiṭṭhiyo honti , tā sabbāpi maggāvaraṇā , na saggāvaraṇā , paṭhamamaggavajjhāti veditabbā .

EvaṃM2.236 kho , gahapati , āturakāyo ceva hoti āturacitto cāti kāyo nāma buddhānampi āturoyeva . Cittaṃ pana rāgadosamohānugataṃ āturaṃ nāma , taṃ idha dassitaṃ .

No ca āturacittoti idha nikkilesatāya cittassa anāturabhāvoP2.256 dassito . Iti imasmiṃ sutte lokiyamahājano āturakāyo ceva āturacitto cāti dassito , khīṇāsavā āturakāyā anāturacittā , satta sekhā neva āturacittā , na anāturacittāti veditabbā . Bhajamānā pana anāturacittataṃyeva bhajantīti .

Paṭhamaṃ .