1. Desanāhāravibhaṅgavaṇṇanā

5. EvaṃV0.172 hārādayo sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ gāthābandhavasena sarūpato niddisitvā idāni tesu hāre tāva paṭiniddesavasena vibhajituṃ ‘‘ tattha katamo desanāhāro ’’ tiādi āraddhaṃ .

Tattha katamoti kathetukamyatāpucchā .

Desanāhāroti pucchitabbadhammanidassanaṃ .

Kiñcāpi desanāhāro niddesavāre sarūpato dassito , paṭiniddesassa pana visayaṃM0.41 dassento ‘‘ assādādīnavatā ’’ ti gāthaṃ ekadesena paccāmasati .

Ayaṃ desanāhāro pubbāparāpekkho .

Tattha pubbāpekkhatte ‘‘ katamo desanāhāro ’’ ti pucchitvā ‘‘ assādādīnavatā ’’ ti sarūpato dassitassa nigamanaṃ hoti .

Parāpekkhatte pana ‘‘ ayaṃ desanāhāro kiṃ desayatī ’’ ti desanākiriyāya kattuniddeso hoti .

Tena desanāhārassa anvatthasaññataṃ dasseti .

Desayatīti saṃvaṇṇeti , vitthāretīti attho .

Idāni anena desetabbadhamme sarūpato dassento ‘‘ assādan ’’ tiādimāha , taṃ pubbe vuttanayattā uttānameva .

Tasmā ito parampi avuttameva vaṇṇayissāma .

‘‘ Kattha pana āgate assādādike ayaṃ hāro saṃvaṇṇetī ’’ ti anuyogaṃ manasikatvā desanāhārena saṃvaṇṇetabbadhammaṃ dassento ‘‘ dhammaṃ vo , bhikkhave , desessāmī ’’ tiādikaṃ sabbapariyattidhammasaṅgāhakaṃ bhagavato chachakkadesanaṃ ekadesena dasseti .

Tattha dhamman ti ayaṃ dhamma -saddo pariyattisaccasamādhipaññāpakatipuññāpattiñeyyādīsu bahūsu atthesu diṭṭhappayogo .

Tathā hi ‘‘ idha , bhikkhu , dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇātī ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .5.73) pariyattidhamme dissati .

‘‘ Diṭṭhadhammo pattadhammo ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .1.299; mahāva .18) sacce .

‘‘ Evaṃdhammā te bhagavanto ahesun ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .2.13,145) samādhimhi .

‘‘ Saccaṃ dhammo dhiti cāgo ’’ ti evamādīsu ( jā .1.1.57;1.2.147-148) paññāyaṃ .

‘‘ Jātidhammānaṃ , bhikkhave , sattānan ’’ ti evamādīsu ( dī . ni .2.398; ma . ni .1.131) pakatiyaṃV0.173 .

‘‘ Dhammo have rakkhati dhammacārin ’’ tiādīsu ( jā .1.10.102;1.15.385) puññe .

‘‘ Cattāro pārājikā dhammā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( pārā .233) āpattiyaṃ .

‘‘ Kusalā dhammā akusalādhammā ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . sa . tikamātikā 1) ñeyye .

Idha pana pariyattiyaṃ daṭṭhabboti ( ma . ni . aṭṭha .1. mūlapariyāyasuttavaṇṇanā ; dha . sa . aṭṭha . cittuppādakaṇḍa 1; bu . vaṃ . aṭṭha .1.1).

Voti pana ayaṃ vo -saddo ‘‘ handa dāni , bhikkhave , pavāremi vo ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .1.215) ettha upayogatthe āgato .

‘‘ Sannipatitānaṃ vo , bhikkhave , dvayaṃ karaṇīyan ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.273) karaṇatthe .

‘‘ Ye hi vo ariyā parisuddhakāyakammantā ’’ tiādīsu padapūraṇe .

‘‘ Ārocayāmi vo , bhikkhave ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .7.72) sampadānatthe .

Idhāpi sampadānatthe evāti daṭṭhabbo .

BhikkhanasīlatādiguṇayogenaM0.42 bhikkhū , bhinnakilesatādiguṇayogena vā .

Atha vā saṃsāre bhayaṃ ikkhantīti bhikkhū .

Bhikkhaveti tesaṃ ālapanaṃ .

Tena te dhammassavane niyojento attano mukhābhimukhaṃ karoti .

Desessāmīti kathessāmi .

Tena nāhaṃ dhammissaratāya tumhe aññaṃ kiñci kāreyyāmi , anāvaraṇañāṇena sabbaṃ ñeyyadhammaṃ paccakkhakāritāya pana dhammaṃ desessāmīti idāni pavattiyamānaṃ dhammadesanaṃ paṭijānāti .

Ādikalyāṇan tiādīsu ādimhi kalyāṇaṃ ādikalyāṇaṃ , ādikalyāṇametassāti vā ādikalyāṇaṃ .

Sesapadadvayepi eseva nayo .

Tattha sīlena ādikalyāṇaṃ .

Samādhinā majjhekalyāṇaṃ .

Paññāya pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ .

Buddhasubuddhatāya vā ādikalyāṇaṃ .

Dhammasudhammatāya majjhekalyāṇaṃ .

Saṅghasuppaṭipattiyā pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ .

Atha vā ugghaṭitaññuvinayanena ādikalyāṇaṃ .

Vipañcitaññuvinayanena majjhekalyāṇaṃ neyyapuggalavinayanena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ .

Ayamevattho idhādhippeto .

Atthasampattiyā sātthaṃ .

Byañjanasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ .

Saṅkāsanādichaatthapadasamāyogato vā sātthaṃ .

Akkharādichabyañjanapadasamāyogato sabyañjanaṃ .

Ayamevattho idhādhippeto .

Upanetabbābhāvato ekantena paripuṇṇanti kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ .

Apanetabbābhāvato parisuddhaṃ .

Sīlādipañcadhammakkhandhapāripūriyā vā paripuṇṇaṃ .

Caturoghanittharaṇāya pavattiyā lokāmisanirapekkhatāya ca parisuddhaṃ .

Brahmaṃ seṭṭhaṃ uttamaṃ brahmūnaṃ vā seṭṭhānaṃ ariyānaṃ cariyaṃ sikkhattayasaṅgahaṃ sāsanaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsayissāmi paridīpayissāmīti attho .

EvaṃV0.174 bhagavatā desito pakāsito ca sāsanadhammo yesaṃ assādādīnaṃ dassanavasena pavatto , te assādādayo desanāhārassa visayabhūtā yattha yattha pāṭhe savisesaṃ vuttā , tato tato niddhāretvā udāharaṇavasena idhānetvā dassetuṃ ‘‘ tattha katamo assādo ’’ tiādi āraddhaṃ .

Tattha kāman ti manāpiyarūpādiṃ tebhūmakadhammasaṅkhātaṃ vatthukāmaṃ .

Kāmayamānassāti icchantassa .

Tassa cetaṃ samijjhatīti tassa kāmayamānassa sattassa taṃ kāmasaṅkhātaṃ vatthu samijjhati ce , sace so taṃ labhatīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Addhā pītimanoM0.43 hotīti ekaṃsena tuṭṭhacitto hoti .

Laddhāti labhitvā .

Maccoti satto .

Yadicchatīti yaṃ icchati .

Ayamettha saṅkhepo , vitthāro pana niddese ( mahāni .1) vuttanayena veditabbo .

Ayaṃ assādoti yāyaṃ adhippāyasamijjhanā icchitalābhe pītimanatā somanassaṃ , ayaṃ assādetabbato assādo .

Tassa ce kāmayānassāti tassa puggalassa kāme icchamānassa , kāmena vā yāyamānassa .

Chandajātassāti jātataṇhassa .

Jantunoti sattassa .

Te kāmā parihāyantīti te vatthukāmā kenaci antarāyena vinassanti ce .

Sallaviddhova ruppatīti atha ayomayādinā sallena viddho viya pīḷiyatīti attho .

Ayaṃ ādīnavoti yāyaṃ kāmānaṃ vipariṇāmaññathābhāvā kāmayānassa sattassa ruppanā domanassuppatti , ayaṃ ādīnavo .

Yo kāme parivajjetīti yo bhikkhu yathāvutte kāme tattha chandarāgassa vikkhambhanena vā samucchindanena vā sabbabhāgena vajjeti .

Yathā kiṃ ?

Sappasseva padā siroti , yathā koci puriso jīvitukāmo kaṇhasappaṃ paṭipathe passitvā attano pādena tassa siraṃ parivajjeti , somaṃ … pe … samativattatīti so bhikkhu sabbaṃ lokaṃ visaritvā ṭhitattā loke visattikāsaṅkhātaṃ imaṃ taṇhaṃ satimā hutvā samatikkamatīti .

Idaṃ nissaraṇan ti yadidaṃ visattikāsaṅkhātāya taṇhāya nibbānārammaṇena ariyamaggena samativattanaṃ , idaṃ nissaraṇaṃ .

Khettan ti kedārādikhettaṃ .

Vatthun ti gharavatthuādivatthuṃ .

Hiraññaṃ vāti kahāpaṇasaṅkhātaṃ suvaṇṇasaṅkhātañca hiraññaṃ .

Vā -saddo vikappanattho , so sabbapadesu yojetabbo .

Gavāssan ti gāvo ca asse cāti gavāssaṃ .

Dāsaporisan ti dāse ca porise cāti dāsaporisaṃ .

Thiyoti itthiyo .

Bandhūti ñātibandhavo .

Puthū kāmeti aññepi vā manāpiyarūpādike bahū kāmaguṇe .

Yo naro anugijjhatīti yo satto anu anu abhikaṅkhati patthetīti attho .

Ayaṃ assādoti yadidaṃ khettādīnaṃ anugijjhanaṃ , ayaṃ assādeti vatthukāme etenāti assādo .

AbalāV0.175M0.44 naṃ balīyantīti khettādibhede kāme anugijjhantaṃ taṃ puggalaṃ kusalehi pahātabbattā abalasaṅkhātā kilesā balīyanti abhibhavanti , saddhābalādivirahena vā abalaṃ taṃ puggalaṃ abalā kilesā balīyanti , abalattā abhibhavantīti attho .

Maddantenaṃ parissayāti enaṃ kāmagiddhaṃ kāme pariyesantaṃ rakkhantañca sīhādayo ca pākaṭaparissayā kāyaduccaritādayo ca apākaṭaparissayā maddanti .

Tato naṃ … pe … dakan ti tato tehi pākaṭāpākaṭaparissayehi abhibhūtaṃ taṃ puggalaṃ jātiādidukkhaṃ samudde bhinnanāvaṃ udakaṃ viya anveti anugacchatīti attho .

Ayaṃ ādīnavoti yvāyaṃ taṇhāduccaritasaṃkilesahetuko jātiādidukkhānubandho , ayaṃ ādīnavo .

Tasmāti yasmā kāmagiddhassa vuttanayena dukkhānubandho vijjati , tasmā .

Jantūti satto .

Sadā satoti pubbarattāpararattaṃ jāgariyānuyogena sato hutvā .

Kāmāni parivajjayeti vikkhambhanavasena samucchedavasena ca rūpādīsu vatthukāmesu sabbappakāraṃ kilesakāmaṃ anuppādento kāmāni parivajjaye pajaheyya .

Te pahāya tare oghan ti evaṃ te kāme pahāya tappahānakaraariyamaggeneva catubbidhampi oghaṃ tareyya , tarituṃ sakkuṇeyyāti attho .

Nāvaṃ sitvāva pāragūti yathā puriso udakaggahaṇena garubhāraṃ nāvaṃ udakaṃ bahi siñcitvā lahukāya nāvāya appakasireneva pāragū bhaveyya , pāraṃ gaccheyya , evameva attabhāvanāvaṃ kilesūdakagarukaṃ siñcitvā lahukena attabhāvena pāragū bhaveyya , pāraṃ nibbānaṃ arahattappattiyā gaccheyya anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbānenāti attho .

Idaṃ nissaraṇan ti yaṃ kāmappahānamukhena caturoghaṃ taritvā anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā nibbānaṃ , idaṃ sabbasaṅkhatanissaraṇato nissaraṇanti .

Dhammoti dānādipuññadhammo .

Haveti nipātamattaṃ .

Rakkhati dhammacārin ti yo taṃ dhammaṃ appamatto carati , taṃ dhammacāriṃ diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikabhedena duvidhatopi anatthato rakkhati pāleti .

Chattaṃ mahantaṃ yatha vassakāleti vassakāle deve vassante yathā mahantaṃ chattaṃ kusalena purisena dhāritaṃ taṃ vassatemanato rakkhati .

Tattha yathā taṃ chattaṃ appamatto hutvā attānaṃ rakkhantaṃ chādentañca vassādito rakkhati , evaṃ dhammopi attasammāpaṇidhānena appamatto hutvā dhammacariyāya attānaṃ rakkhantaṃyevaM0.45 rakkhatīti adhippāyo .

Esā … pe … cārīti etena vuttamevatthaṃ pākaṭataraṃ karoti , taṃ suviññeyyameva .

Idaṃ phalan ti diṭṭhadhammikehi samparāyikehi caV0.176 anatthehi yadidaṃ dhammassa rakkhaṇaṃ vuttaṃ rakkhāvasānassa ca abbhudayassa nipphādanaṃ , idaṃ nissaraṇaṃ anāmasitvā desanāya nibbattetabbatāya phalanti .

Sabbe dhammāti sabbe saṅkhatā dhammā .

Anattāti natthi etesaṃ attā kārakavedakasabhāvo , sayaṃ vā na attāti anattāti .

Itīti evaṃ .

Yadā paññāya passatīti yasmiṃ kāle vipassanaṃ ussukkāpento anattānupassanāsaṅkhātāya paññāya passati .

Atha nibbindati dukkheti atha anattānupassanāya pubbe eva aniccatādukkhatānaṃ suparidiṭṭhattā nibbidānupassanāvasena vipassanāgocarabhūte pañcakkhandhadukkhe nibbindati nibbedaṃ āpajjati .

Esa maggo visuddhiyāti yā vuttalakkhaṇā nibbidānupassanā sabbakilesavisujjhanato visuddhisaṅkhātassa ariyamaggassa accantavisuddhiyā vā amatadhātuyā maggo upāyo .

Ayaṃ upāyoti yadidaṃ anattānupassanāmukhena sabbasmiṃ vaṭṭasmiṃ nibbindanaṃ vuttaṃ , taṃ visuddhiyā adhigamahetubhāvato upāyo .

‘‘ Cakkhumā … pe … parivajjaye ’’ ti imissā gāthāya ayaṃ saṅkhepattho – yathā cakkhumā puriso sarīre vahante visamāni bhūmippadesāni caṇḍatāya vā visame hatthiādayo parivajjeti , evaṃ loke sappañño puriso sappaññatāya hitāhitaṃ jānanto pāpāni lāmakāni duccaritāni parivajjeyyāti .

Ayaṃ āṇattīti yā ayaṃ ‘‘ pāpāni parivajjetabbānī ’’ ti dhammarājassa bhagavato āṇā , ayaṃ āṇattīti .

Evaṃ visuṃ visuṃ suttesu āgatā phalūpāyāṇattiyo udāharaṇabhāvena dassetvā idāni tā ekato āgatā dassetuṃ ‘‘ suññato ’’ ti gāthamāha .

Tattha suññato lokaṃ avekkhassu , mogharājāti āṇattīti ‘‘ mogharāja , sabbampi saṅkhāralokaṃ avasavattitāsallakkhaṇavasena vā tucchabhāvasamanupassanavasena vā suññoti passā ’’ ti idaṃ dhammarājassa vacanaṃ vidhānabhāvato āṇatti .

Sabbadā satikiriyāya taṃsuññatādassanaṃ sampajjatīti ‘‘ sadā satoti upāyo ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Attānudiṭṭhiṃ ūhaccāti vīsativatthukaṃM0.46 sakkāyadassanaṃ uddharitvā samucchinditvā .

Evaṃ maccutaro siyāti .

Idaṃ phalan ti yaṃ evaṃ vuttena vidhinā maccutaraṇaṃ maccuno visayātikkamanaṃ tassa yaṃ pubbabhāgapaṭipadāpaṭipajjanaṃ , idaṃ desanāya phalanti attho .

Yathā pana assādādayo sutte katthaciV0.177 sarūpato katthaci niddhāretabbatāya katthaci visuṃ visuṃ katthaci ekato dassitā , na evaṃ phalādayo .

Phalādayo pana sabbattha sutte gāthāsu vā ekato dassetabbāti imassa nayassa dassanatthaṃ visuṃ visuṃ udāharitvāpi puna ‘‘ suññato lokan ’’ tiādinā ekato udāharaṇaṃ katanti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

6. Evaṃ assādādayo udāharaṇavasena sarūpato dassetvā idāni tattha puggalavibhāgena desanāvibhāgaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ tattha bhagavā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .

Tattha ugghaṭitaṃ ghaṭitamattaṃ uddiṭṭhamattaṃ yassa niddesapaṭiniddesā na katā , taṃ jānātīti ugghaṭitaññū .

Uddesamattena sappabhedaṃ savitthāramatthaṃ paṭivijjhatīti attho , ugghaṭitaṃ vā uccalitaṃ uṭṭhapitanti attho , taṃ jānātīti ugghaṭitaññū .

Dhammo hi desiyamāno desakato desanābhājanaṃ saṅkamanto viya hoti , tamesa uccalitameva jānātīti attho , calitameva vā ugghaṭitaṃ .

Sassatādiākārassa hi veneyyānaṃ āsayassa buddhāveṇikā dhammadesanā taṅkhaṇapatitā eva calanāya hoti , tato paramparānuvattiyā , tatthāyaṃ ugghaṭite calitamatteyeva āsaye dhammaṃ jānāti avabujjhatīti ugghaṭitaññū , tassa ugghaṭitaññussa nissaraṇaṃ desayati , tattakeneva tassa atthasiddhito .

Vipañcitaṃ vitthāritaṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ jānātīti vipañcitaññū , vipañcitaṃ vā mandaṃ saṇikaṃ dhammaṃ jānātīti vipañcitaññū , tassa vipañcitaññussa ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca desayati , nātisaṅkhepavitthārāya desanāya tassa atthasiddhito .

Netabbo dhammassa paṭiniddisena atthaṃ pāpetabboti neyyo , mudindriyatāya vā paṭilomaggahaṇato netabbo anunetabboti neyyo , tassa neyyassa assādaṃ ādīnavaṃ nissaraṇañca desayati , anavasesetvāva desanena tassa atthasiddhito .

Tatthāyaṃ pāḷi –

‘‘ Katamo ca puggalo ugghaṭitaññū ?

Yassa puggalassa saha udāhaṭavelāya dhammābhisamayo hoti .

Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ugghaṭitaññū .

‘‘ KatamoM0.47 ca puggalo vipañcitaññū ?

Yassa puggalassa saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthe vibhajiyamāne dhammābhisamayo hoti .

Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo vipañcitaññū .

‘‘ KatamoV0.178 ca puggalo neyyo ?

Yassa puggalassa uddesato paripucchato yonisomanasikaroto kalyāṇamitte sevato bhajato payirupāsato evaṃ anupubbena dhammābhisamayo hoti .

Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo neyyo ’’ ti ( pu . pa .148-150).

Padaparamo panettha nettiyaṃ paṭivedhassa abhājananti na gahitoti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Ettha ca assādo , ādīnavo , nissaraṇaṃ , assādo ca ādīnavo ca , assādo ca nissaraṇañca , ādīnavo ca nissaraṇañca , assādo ca ādīnavo ca nissaraṇañcāti ete satta paṭṭhānanayā .

Tesu tatiyachaṭṭhasattamā veneyyattayavinayane samatthatāya gahitā , itare cattāro na gahitā .

Na hi kevalena assādena ādīnavena tadubhayena vā kathitena veneyyavinayanaṃ sambhavati , kilesānaṃ pahānāvacanato .

Pañcamopi ādīnavāvacanato nissaraṇassa anupāyo eva .

Na hi vimuttirasā bhagavato desanā vimuttiṃ tadupāyañca anāmasantī pavattati .

Tasmā ete cattāro nayā anuddhaṭā .

Sace pana padaparamassa puggalassa vasena pavattaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ tadubhayabhāge ṭhitaṃ desanaṃ suttekadesaṃ gāthaṃ vā tādisaṃ etesaṃ nayānaṃ udāharaṇabhāvena uddharati , evaṃ sati sattannampi nayānaṃ gahaṇaṃ bhaveyya .

Veneyyavinayanaṃ pana tesaṃ santāne ariyamaggassa uppādanaṃ .

Taṃ yathāvuttehi eva nayeti , nāvasesehīti itare idha na vuttā .

Yasmā pana peṭake ( peṭako .23)–

‘‘ Tattha katamo assādo ca ādīnavo ca ?

Yāni karoti puriso , tāni attani passati ;

Kalyāṇakārī kalyāṇaṃ , pāpakārī ca pāpakan ’’ ti .

Tattha yaṃ kalyāṇakārī kalyāṇaṃ paccanubhoti , ayaṃ assādo .

Yaṃ pāpakārī pāpaṃ paccanubhoti , ayaṃ ādīnavo .

AṭṭhimeM0.48 , bhikkhave , lokadhammā .

Katame aṭṭha ?

Lābhotiādi ( a . ni .8.6).

TatthaV0.179 lābho yaso sukhaṃ pasaṃsā , ayaṃ assādo .

Alābho ayaso dukkhaṃ nindā , ayaṃ ādīnavo .

Tattha katamo assādo ca nissaraṇañca ?

‘‘ Sukho vipāko puññānaṃ , adhippāyo ca ijjhati ;

Khippañca paramaṃ santiṃ , nibbānamadhigacchatī ’’ ti .( peṭako .23);

Ayaṃ assādo ca nissaraṇañca .

Dvattiṃsimāni , bhikkhave , mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni , yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā … pe … vivaṭacchadoti sabbaṃ lakkhaṇasuttaṃ ,( dī . ni .3.199) ayaṃ assādo ca nissaraṇañca .

Tattha katamo ādīnavo ca nissaraṇañca ?

‘‘ Bhārā have pañcakkhandhā , bhārahāro ca puggalo ;

Bhārādānaṃ dukhaṃ loke , bhāranikkhepanaṃ sukhaṃ .

‘‘ Nikkhipitvā garuṃ bhāraṃ , aññaṃ bhāraṃ anādiya ;

Samūlaṃ taṇhamabbuyha , nicchāto parinibbuto ’’ ti .( saṃ . ni .3.22);

Ayaṃ ādīnavo ca nissaraṇañca .

Tattha katamo assādo ca ādīnavo ca nissaraṇañca ?

‘‘ Kāmā hi citrā madhurā manoramā , virūparūpena mathenti cittaṃ ;

Tasmā ahaṃ pabbajitomhi rāja , apaṇṇakaṃ sāmaññameva seyyoti .( ma . ni .2.307; theragā .787-788; peṭako .23);

Ayaṃ assādo ca ādīnavo ca nissaraṇañcā ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Tasmā tepi nayā idha niddhāretvā veditabbā .

Phalādīsupi ayaṃ nayo labbhati eva .

Yasmā peṭake ( peṭako .22)‘‘ tatthaV0.180 katamaṃ phalañca upāyo ca ?

Sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño ’’ ti gāthā ( saṃ . ni .1.23), idaṃ phalañca upāyo ca .

TatthaM0.49 katamaṃ phalañca āṇatti ca ?

‘‘ Sace bhāyatha dukkhassa , sace vo dukkhamappiyaṃ ;

Mākattha pāpakaṃ kammaṃ , āvi vā yadi vā rahoti .( udā .44);

Idaṃ phalañca āṇatti ca .

Tattha katamo upāyo ca āṇatti ca ?

‘‘ Kumbhūpamaṃ kāyamimaṃ viditvā , nagarūpamaṃ cittamidaṃ ṭhapetvā ;

Yodhetha māraṃ paññāvudhena , jitañca rakkhe anivesano siyā ’’ ti .( dha . pa .40);

Ayaṃ upāyo ca āṇatti ca .

Evaṃ phalādīnaṃ dukavasenapi udāharaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ .

Ettha ca yo nissaraṇadesanāya vinetabbo , so ugghaṭitaññūtiādinā yathā desanāvibhāgena puggalavibhāgasiddhi hoti , evaṃ ugghaṭitaññussa bhagavā nissaraṇaṃ desetītiādinā puggalavibhāgena desanāvibhāgo sambhavatīti so tathā dassito .

Evaṃ yesaṃ puggalānaṃ vasena desanāvibhāgo dassito , te puggale paṭipadāvibhāgena vibhajitvā dassetuṃ ‘‘ catasso paṭipadā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .

Tattha paṭipadābhiññākato vibhāgo paṭipadākato hotīti āha –

‘‘ catasso paṭipadā ’’ ti .

Tā panetā ca samathavipassanāpaṭipattivasena duvidhā honti .

Kathaṃ ?

Samathapakkhe tāva paṭhamasamannāhārato paṭṭhāya yāva tassa tassa jhānassa upacāraṃ uppajjati , tāva pavattā samathabhāvanā ‘‘ paṭipadā ’’ ti vuccati .

Upacārato pana paṭṭhāya yāva appanā tāva pavattā paññā ‘‘ abhiññā ’’ ti vuccati .

SāV0.181 panāyaṃ paṭipadā ekaccassa dukkhā hoti nīvaraṇādipaccanīkadhammasamudācāragahaṇatāya kicchā asukhasevanāti attho , ekaccassa tadabhāvena sukhā .

Abhiññāpi ekaccassa dandhā hoti mandā asīghappavatti , ekaccassa khippā amandā sīghappavatti .

Tasmā yo ādito kilese vikkhambhento dukkhena sasaṅkhārena sappayogena kilamanto vikkhambheti , tassa dukkhā paṭipadā hoti .

Yo pana vikkhambhitakileso appanāparivāsaṃM0.50 vasanto cirena aṅgapātubhāvaṃ pāpuṇāti , tassa dandhābhiññā nāma hoti .

Yo khippaṃ aṅgapātubhāvaṃ pāpuṇāti , tassa khippābhiññā nāma hoti .

Yo kilese vikkhambhento sukhena akilamanto vikkhambheti , tassa sukhā paṭipadā nāma hoti .

Vipassanāpakkhe pana yo rūpārūpamukhena vipassanaṃ abhinivisanto cattāri mahābhūtāni pariggahetvā upādārūpaṃ pariggaṇhāti arūpaṃ pariggaṇhāti , rūpārūpaṃ pana pariggaṇhanto dukkhena kasirena kilamanto pariggahetuṃ sakkoti , tassa dukkhā paṭipadā nāma hoti .

Pariggahitarūpārūpassa pana vipassanāparivāse maggapātubhāvadandhatāya dandhābhiññā nāma hoti .

Yopi rūpārūpaṃ pariggahetvā nāmarūpaṃ vavatthapento dukkhena kasirena kilamanto vavatthapeti , vavatthapite ca nāmarūpe vipassanāparivāsaṃ vasanto cirena maggaṃ uppādetuṃ sakkoti .

Tassāpi dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā nāma hoti .

Aparo nāmarūpampi vavatthapetvā paccaye pariggaṇhanto dukkhena kasirena kilamanto pariggaṇhāti , paccaye ca pariggahetvā vipassanāparivāsaṃ vasanto cirena maggaṃ uppādeti .

Evampi dukkhāV0.182 paṭipadā dandhābhiññā nāma hoti .

Aparo paccayepi pariggahetvā lakkhaṇāni paṭivijjhanto dukkhena kasirena kilamanto paṭivijjhati , paṭividdhalakkhaṇo ca vipassanāparivāsaṃ vasanto cirena maggaṃ uppādeti .

Evampi dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā nāma hoti .

Aparo lakkhaṇānipi paṭivijjhitvā vipassanāñāṇe tikkhe sūre suppasanne vahante uppannaṃ vipassanānikantiṃ pariyādiyamāno dukkhena kasirena kilamanto pariyādiyati , nikantiñca pariyādiyitvā vipassanāparivāsaṃ vasanto cirena maggaṃ uppādeti .

Evampi dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā nāma hoti .

Imināvupāyena itarāpi tisso paṭipadā veditabbā .

Vipassanāpakkhikā eva panettha catasso paṭipadā daṭṭhabbā .

Cattāro puggalāti yathāvuttapaṭipadāvibhāgena cattāro paṭipannakapuggalā .

Taṃ pana paṭipadāvibhāgaṃ saddhiṃ hetupāyaphalehi dassetuṃ ‘‘ taṇhācarito ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .

Tattha caritan ti cariyā , vuttīti attho .

Taṇhāya nibbattitaṃ caritaṃ etassāti taṇhācarito , taṇhāya vā pavattito carito taṇhācarito ,M0.51 lobhajjhāsayoti attho .

Diṭṭhicaritoti etthāpi eseva nayo .

Mandoti mandiyaṃ vuccati avijjā , tāya samannāgato mando , mohādhikoti attho .

Satindriyenāti satiyā ādhipaccaṃ kurumānāya .

Satindriyameva hissa visadaṃ hoti .

Yasmā taṇhācaritatāya pubbabhāge kosajjābhibhavena na vīriyaṃ balavaṃ hoti , mohādhikatāya na paññā balavatī .

Tadubhayenāpi na samādhi balavā hoti , tasmā ‘‘ satindriyameva hissa visadaṃ hotī ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Tenevāha –

‘‘ satipaṭṭhānehi nissayehī ’’ ti .

Taṇhācaritatāya cassa kilesavikkhambhanaṃ na sukaranti dukkhā paṭipadā , avisadañāṇatāya dandhābhiññāti pubbe vuttanayaṃ ānetvā yojetabbaṃ .

Niyyātīti ariyamaggena vaṭṭadukkhato niggacchati .

Udatthoti udaattho , uḷārapaññoti attho .

Paññāsahāyapaṭilābhena cassa samādhi tikkho hoti sampayuttesu ādhipaccaṃ pavatteti .

Tenevāha –

‘‘ samādhindriyenā ’’ ti .

Visadañāṇattā ‘‘ khippābhiññāyā ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Samādhipadhānattā jhānānaṃ jhānehi nissayehīti ayaṃ viseso .

Sesaṃ purimasadisameva .

Diṭṭhicarito aniyyānikamaggampi niyyānikanti maññamāno tattha ussāhabahulattā vīriyādhiko hoti .

Vīriyādhikatāyeva cassa kilesavikkhambhanaṃ sukaranti sukhā paṭipadā , avisadañāṇatāya pana dandhābhiññāti imamatthaṃ dasseti ‘‘ diṭṭhicarito mando ’’ tiādinā .

Sesaṃ vuttanayameva .

Saccehīti ariyasaccehi .

Ariyasaccāni hi lokiyāni pubbabhāgañāṇassa sammasanaṭṭhānatāya lokuttarāni adhimuccanatāya maggañāṇassa abhisamayaṭṭhānatāya ca nissayāni hontīti .

Sesaṃ vuttanayameva .

Ettha ca diṭṭhicarito udattho ugghaṭitaññū .

Taṇhācarito mandoV0.183 neyyo .

Itare dvepi vipañcitaññūti evaṃ yena veneyyattayena pubbe desanāvibhāgo dassito , tadeva veneyyattayaṃ iminā paṭipadāvibhāgena dassitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Idāni taṃ veneyyupuggalavibhāgaṃ atthanayayojanāya visayaṃ katvā dassetuṃ ‘‘ ubho taṇhācaritā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .

Taṇhāya samādhipaṭipakkhattā taṇhācarito visujjhamāno samādhimukhena visujjhatīti āhaM0.52 –

‘‘ samathapubbaṅgamāyā ’’ ti .

‘‘ Samathavipassanaṃ yuganaddhaṃ bhāvetī ’’ ti ( a . ni .4.170; paṭi . ma .2.1,3) vacanato pana sammādiṭṭhisahiteneva sammāsamādhinā niyyānaṃ , na sammāsamādhinā evāti āha –

‘‘ samathapubbaṅgamāya vipassanāyā ’’ ti .

‘‘ Rāgavirāgā cetovimuttīti arahattaphalasamādhī ’’ ti saṅgahesu vuttaṃ .

Idha pana anāgāmiphalasamādhīti vakkhati .

So hi samādhismiṃ paripūrakārīti .

Tattha rañjanaṭṭhena rāgo .

So virajjati etāyāti rāgavirāgā , tāya rāgavirāgāya , rāgappahāyikāyāti attho .

Cetovimuttiyāti cetoti cittaṃ , tadapadesena cettha samādhi vuccati ‘‘ yathā cittaṃ paññañca bhāvayan ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .1.23).

Paṭippassaddhivasena paṭipakkhato vimuccatīti vimutti , tena vā vimutto , tato vimuccananti vā vimutti , samādhiyeva .

Yathā hi lokiyakathāyaṃ saññā cittañca desanāsīsaṃ .

Yathāha –

‘‘ nānattakāyā nānattasaññino ’’ ti ( dī . ni .3.332,341,357; a . ni .7.44;9.24)‘‘ kiṃ citto tvaṃ , bhikkhū ’’ ti ( pārā .135) ca , evaṃ lokuttarakathāyaṃ paññā samādhi ca .

Yathāha –

‘‘ pañcañāṇiko sammāsamādhī ’’ ti ( vibha .804) ca ‘‘ samathavipassanaṃ yuganaddhaṃ bhāvetī ’’ ti ca .

Tesu idha rāgassa ujuvipaccanīkato samathapubbaṅgamatāvacanato ca cetoggahaṇena samādhi vutto .

Tathā vimuttivacanena .

Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ samādhiyevā ’’ ti .

Ceto ca taṃ vimutti cāti cetovimutti .

Atha vā vuttappakārasseva cetaso paṭipakkhato vimutti vimokkhoti cetovimutti , cetasi vā phalaviññāṇe vuttappakārāva vimuttīti cetovimutti , cetaso vā phalaviññāṇassa paṭipakkhato vimutti vimokkho etasminti cetovimutti , samādhiyeva .

Paññāvimuttiyāti etthāpi ayaṃ nayo yathāsambhavaṃ yojetabbo .

Diṭṭhiyā savisaye paññāsadisī pavattīti diṭṭhicarito visujjhamāno paññāmukhena visujjhatīti āha –

‘‘ ubho diṭṭhicaritā vipassanā ’’ tiādi .

Avijjāvirāgā paññāvimuttīti arahattaphalapaññāV0.184 .

Samathaggahaṇena tappaṭipakkhato taṇhaṃ vipassanāggahaṇena avijjañca niddhāretvā paṭhamanayassa bhūmiṃ sakkā sukhena dassetunti āha –

‘‘ ye samatha … pe … hātabbā ’’ ti .

TatthaM0.53 samathapubbaṅgamā paṭipadāti purimā dve paṭipadā , itarā vipassanāpubbaṅgamāti daṭṭhabbā .

Hātabbāti gametabbā , netabbāti attho .

Vipassanāya aniccadukkhaanattasaññābhāvato dukkhasaññāparivārattā ca asubhasaññāya imā catasso saññā dassitā honti .

Tappaṭipakkhena ca cattāro vipallāsāti sakalassa sīhavikkīḷitanayassa bhūmiṃ sukhena sakkā dassetunti āha –

‘‘ ye vipassanā … pe … hātabbā ’’ ti .

7. Evaṃ paṭipadāvibhāgena veneyyapuggalavibhāgaṃ dassetvā idāni taṃ ñāṇavibhāgena dassento yasmā bhagavato desanā yāvadeva veneyyavinayanatthā , vinayanañca nesaṃ sutamayādīnaṃ tissannaṃ paññānaṃ anukkamena nibbattanaṃ , yathā bhagavato desanāya pavattibhāvavibhāvanañca hāranayabyāpāro , tasmā imassa hārassa samuṭṭhitappakāraṃ tāva pucchitvā yena puggalavibhāgadassanena desanābhājanaṃ vibhajitvā tattha desanāyaṃ desanāhāraṃ niyojetukāmo taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ svāyaṃ hāro kattha sambhavatī ’’ tiādimāha .

Tattha yassāti yo so aṭṭhahi akkhaṇehi vimutto sotāvadhānapariyosānāhi ca sampattīti samannāgato yassa .

Satthāti diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ anusāsanato satthā .

Dhamman ti yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāne apāyesu apatamāne dhāretīti dhammo , taṃ dhammaṃ .

Desayatīti saṅkhepavitthāranayehi bhāsati katheti .

Aññataroti bhagavato sāvakesu aññataro .

Garuṭṭhānīyoti sīlasutādiguṇavisesayogena garukaraṇīyo .

Sabrahmacārīti brahmaṃ vuccati seṭṭhaṭṭhena sakalaṃ satthusāsanaṃ .

Samaṃ saha vā brahmaṃ carati paṭipajjatīti sabrahmacārī .

Saddhaṃ paṭilabhatīti ‘‘ sammāsambuddho vata so bhagavā yo evarūpassa dhammassa desetā ’’ ti tathāgate ,‘‘ svākkhāto vatāyaṃ dhammo yo evaṃ ekantaparipuṇṇo ekantaparisuddho ’’ tiādinā dhamme ca saddhaṃ labhati uppādetīti attho .

Tatthāti tasmiṃ yathāsute yathāpariyatte dhamme .

Vīmaṃsāti pāḷiyā pāḷiatthassa ca vīmaṃsanapaññāV0.185 .

Sesaṃ tassā eva vevacanaṃ .

Sā hi yathāvuttavīmaṃsane saṅkocaṃ anāpajjitvā ussahanavasena ussāhanā , tulanavasena tulanā , upaparikkhaṇavasena upaparikkhāti ca vuttā .

Atha vāM0.54 vīmaṃsatīti vīmaṃsā , sā padapadatthavicāraṇā paññā .

Ussāhanāti vīriyena upatthambhitā dhammassa dhāraṇaparicayasādhikā paññā .

Tulanāti padena padantaraṃ , desanāya vā desanantaraṃ tulayitvā saṃsanditvā gahaṇapaññā .

Upaparikkhāti mahāpadese otāretvā pāḷiyā pāḷiatthassa ca upaparikkhaṇapaññā .

Attahitaṃ parahitañca ākaṅkhantehi suyyatīti sutaṃ , kālavacanicchāya abhāvato , yathā duddhanti .

Kiṃ pana tanti ?

Adhikārato sāmatthiyato vā pariyattidhammoti viññāyati .

Atha vā savanaṃ sutaṃ , sotadvārānusārena pariyattidhammassa upadhāraṇanti attho .

Sutena hetunā nibbattā sutamayī .

Pakārena jānātīti paññā .

Yā vīmaṃsā , ayaṃ sutamayī paññāti paccekampi yojetabbaṃ .

Tathāti yathā sutamayī paññā vīmaṃsādipariyāyavatī vīmaṃsādivibhāgavatī ca , tathā cintāmayī cāti attho .

Yathā vā sutamayī oramattikā anavaṭṭhitā ca , evaṃ cintāmayī cāti dasseti .

Sutena nissayenāti sutena pariyattidhammena pariyattidhammassavanena vā upanissayena itthambhūtalakkhaṇe karaṇavacanaṃ , yathāvuttaṃ sutaṃ upanissāyāti attho .

Vīmaṃsātiādīsu ‘‘ idaṃ sīlaṃ , ayaṃ samādhi , ime rūpārūpadhammā , ime pañcakkhandhā ’’ ti tesaṃ tesaṃ dhammānaṃ sabhāvavīmaṃsanabhūtā paññā vīmaṃsā .

Tesaṃyeva dhammānaṃ vacanatthaṃ muñcitvā sabhāvasarasalakkhaṇassa tulayitvā viya gahaṇapaññā tulanā .

Tesaṃyeva dhammānaṃ salakkhaṇaṃ avijahitvā aniccatādiruppanasappaccayādiākāre ca takketvā vitakketvā ca upaparikkhaṇapaññā upaparikkhā , tathā upaparikkhite dhamme saviggahe viya upaṭṭhahante evametehi nijjhānakkhame katvā cittena anu anu pekkhaṇā manasānupekkhaṇā .

Ettha ca yathā sutamayī paññā yathāsutassa dhammassa dhāraṇaparicayavasena pavattanato ussāhajātā ‘‘ ussāhanā ’’ ti vattabbataṃ arahati , na evaṃ cintāmayīti idha ‘‘ ussāhanā ’’ ti padaṃ na vuttaṃ .

Cintanaṃ cintā , nijjhānanti attho .

Sesaṃ vuttanayameva .

Imāhi dvīhi paññāhīti yathāvuttāhi dvīhi paññāhi kāraṇabhūtāhi .

Sutacintāmayañāṇesu hi patiṭṭhito vipassanaṃ ārabhatīti .

‘‘ Imāsu dvīsu paññāsū ’’ tipi paṭhanti .

‘‘ Tehi jātāsu uppannāsū ’’ ti vā vacanasesoM0.55 yojetabbo .

Manasikārasampayuttassāti rūpārūpapariggahādimanasikāre yuttappayuttassa .

Yaṃ ñāṇaṃ uppajjatīti vuttanayena manasikārappayogena diṭṭhivisuddhikaṅkhāvitaraṇavisuddhimaggāmaggañāṇadassanavisuddhipaṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhīnaṃV0.186 sampa ādanena vipassanaṃ ussukkantassa yaṃ ñāṇadassanavisuddhisaṅkhātaṃ ariyamaggañāṇaṃ uppajjati , ayaṃ bhāvanāmayī paññāti sambandho .

Taṃ pana dassanaṃ bhāvanāti duvidhanti āha –

‘‘ dassanabhūmiyaṃ vā bhāvanābhūmiyaṃ vā ’’ ti .

Yadi dassananti vuccati , kathaṃ tattha paññā bhāvanāmayīti ?

Bhāvanāmayameva hi taṃ ñāṇaṃ , paṭhamaṃ nibbānadassanato pana ‘‘ dassanan ’’ ti vuttanti saphalo paṭhamamaggo dassanabhūmi .

Sesā sekkhāsekkhadhammā bhāvanābhūmi .

8. Idāni imā tisso paññā pariyāyantarena dassetuṃ ‘‘ paratoghosā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .

Tattha paratoti na attato , aññato satthuto sāvakato vāti attho .

Ghosāti tesaṃ desanāghosato , desanāpaccayāti attho .

Atha vā parato ghoso etissāti paratoghosā , yā paññā , sā sutamayīti yojetabbaṃ .

Paccattasamuṭṭhitāti paccattaṃ tassa tassa attani sambhūtā .

Yonisomanasikārāti tesaṃ tesaṃ dhammānaṃ sabhāvapariggaṇhanādinā yathāvuttena upāyena pavattamanasikārā .

Parato ca ghosenāti paratoghosena hetubhūtena .

Sesaṃ vuttanayameva .

Idāni yadatthaṃ imā paññā uddhaṭā , tameva veneyyapuggalavibhāgaṃ yojetvā dassetuṃ ‘‘ yassā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .

Tattha imā dveti gaṇanavasena vatvā puna tā sutamayī cintāmayī cāti sarūpato dasseti .

Ayaṃ ugghaṭitaññūti ayaṃ sutamayacintāmayañāṇehi āsayapayogapabodhassa nipphāditattā uddesamatteneva jānanato ‘‘ ugghaṭitaññū ’’ ti vuccati .

Ayaṃ vipañcitaññūti cintāmayañāṇena āsayassa aparikkhatattā uddesaniddesehi jānanato vipañcitaññū .

Ayaṃ neyyoti sutamayañāṇassāpi abhāvato niravasesaṃ vitthāradesanāya netabbato neyyo .

9. Evaṃ desanāpaṭipadāñāṇavibhāgehi desanābhājanaṃ veneyyattayaṃ vibhajitvā idāni tattha pavattitāya bhagavato dhammadesanāya desanāhāraṃ niddhāretvā yojetuṃ ‘‘ sāyaṃ dhammadesanā ’’ tiādi āraddhaṃ .

TatthaM0.56 sāyan ti sā ayaṃ .

Yā pubbe ‘‘ dhammaṃ vo , bhikkhave , desessāmī ’’ tiādinā ( netti .5) paṭiniddesavārassa ādito desanāhārassa visayabhāvena nikkhittā pāḷi , tamevettha desanāhāraṃ niyojetuṃ ‘‘ sāyaṃ dhammadesanā ’’ ti paccāmasati .

Kiṃ desayatīti kathetukamyatāvasenaV0.187 desanāya piṇḍatthaṃ pucchitvā taṃ gaṇanāya paricchinditvā sāmaññato dasseti ‘‘ cattāri saccānī ’’ ti .

Saccavinimuttā hi bhagavato desanā natthīti .

Tassā ca cattāri saccāni piṇḍattho .

Pavattipavattakanivattitadupāyavimuttassa neyyassa abhāvato cattāri aviparītabhāvena saccānīti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Tāni ‘‘ dukkhaṃ samudayaṃ nirodhaṃ maggan ’’ ti sarūpato dasseti .

Tattha anekupaddavādhiṭṭhānabhāvena kucchitattā bālajanaparikappitadhuvasubhasukhattabhāvavirahena tucchattā ca dukkhaṃ .

Avasesapaccayasamavāye dukkhassa uppattikāraṇattā samudayo .

Sabbagatisuññattā natthi ettha saṃsāracārakasaṅkhāto dukkharodho , etasmiṃ vā adhigate saṃsāracārakasaṅkhātassa dukkharodhassa abhāvotipi nirodho , anuppādanirodhapaccayattā vā .

Mārento gacchati , nibbānatthikehi maggiyatīti vā maggo .

Tattha samudayena assādo , dukkhena ādīnavo , magganirodhehi nissaraṇaṃ .

Evaṃ yasmiṃ sutte cattāri saccāni sarūpato āgatāni , tattha yathārutavasena .

Yattha pana sutte cattāri saccāni sarūpato na āgatāni , tattha atthato cattāri saccāni uddharitvā tesaṃ vasena assādādayo niddhāretabbā .

Yattha ca assādādayo sarūpato āgatā , tattha vattabbameva natthi .

Yattha pana na āgatā , tattha atthato uddharitvā tesaṃ vasena cattāri saccāni niddhāretabbāni .

Idha pana assādādayo udāharaṇavasena sarūpato dassitāti tehi saccāni niddhāretuṃ ‘‘ ādīnavo cā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .

Tattha ‘‘ saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā ’’ ti ( dī . ni .2.387; ma . ni .1.120;3.373; vibha .202) vacanato taṇhāvajjā tebhūmakadhammā dukkhasaccaṃ , te ca aniccādisabhāvattā ādīnavo , phalañca desanāya sādhetabbaṃ .

Tattha yaṃ lokiyaṃ , taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘ phalañca dukkhan ’’ ti .

Assādoti taṇhāvipallāsānampi icchitattā te sandhāya ‘‘ assādo samudayo ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Saha vipassanāya ariyamaggo desanā caM0.57 desanāphalādhigamassa upāyoti katvā ‘‘ upāyo āṇatti ca maggo ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Nissaraṇapade cāpi ariyamaggo niddhāretabbo , na cāyaṃ saccavibhāgo ākuloti daṭṭhabbo .

Yathā hi saccavibhaṅge ( vibha .208)‘‘ taṇhā avasiṭṭhā kilesā avasiṭṭhā akusalā dhammā sāsavāni kusalamūlāni sāsavā ca kusalā dhammā samudayasaccabhāvena vibhattā ’’ ti tasmiṃ tasmiṃ naye taṃtaṃavasiṭṭhā tebhūmakadhammā dukkhasaccabhāvena vibhattā , evamidhāpi daṭṭhabbanti .

Imāni cattāri saccānīti nigamanaṃV0.188 .

Idaṃ dhammacakkan ti yāyaṃ bhagavato catusaccavasena sāmukkaṃsikā dhammadesanā , idaṃ dhammacakkaṃ .

Idāni tassā dhammadesanāya dhammacakkabhāvaṃ saccavibhaṅgasuttavasena ( ma . ni .3.371 ādayo ) dassetuṃ ‘‘ yathāha bhagavā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .

Tattha idaṃ dukkhan ti idaṃ jātiādivibhāgaṃ saṅkhepato pañcupādānakkhandhasaṅgahaṃ taṇhāvajjaṃ tebhūmakadhammajātaṃ dukkhassa adhiṭṭhānabhāvena dukkhadukkhādibhāvena ca dukkhaṃ ariyasaccanti attho .

Meti bhagavā attānaṃ niddisati .

Bārāṇasiyan ti bārāṇasīnāmakassa nagarassa avidūre .

Paccekabuddhaisīnaṃ ākāsato otaraṇaṭṭhānatāya isipatanaṃ .

Migānaṃ tattha abhayassa dinnattā migadāyan ti ca laddhanāme assame .

Uttarati atikkamati , abhibhavatīti vā uttaraṃ , natthi etassa uttaranti anuttaraṃ .

Anatisayaṃ appaṭibhāgaṃ vā .

Kiñcāpi bhagavato dhammadesanā anekāsu devamanussaparisāsu anekasatakkhattuṃ tesaṃ ariyasaccappaṭivedhasampādanavasena pavattitā , tathāpi sabbapaṭhamaṃ aññāsikoṇḍaññappamukhāya aṭṭhārasaparimāṇāya brahmakoṭiyā catusaccappaṭivedhavibhāvanīyā dhammadesanā , tassā sātisayā dhammacakkasamaññāti ‘‘ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitan ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Tattha satipaṭṭhānādidhammo eva pavattanaṭṭhena cakkanti dhammacakkaṃ , cakkanti vā āṇā .

Dhammato anapetattā dhammañca taṃ cakkañcāti dhammacakkaṃ .

Dhammena ñāyena cakkantipi dhammacakkaṃ .

Yathāha –

‘‘ dhammañca pavatteti cakkañcāti dhammacakkaṃ , cakkañca pavatteti dhammañcāti dhammacakkaṃ , dhammena pavattetīti dhammacakkan ’’ tiādi ( paṭi . ma .2.41-42).

Appaṭivattiyan ti dhammissarassa bhagavato sammāsambuddhabhāvato dhammacakkassa ca anuttarabhāvato appaṭisedhanīyaṃ .

Kena pana appaṭivattiyanti āha ‘‘ samaṇena vā ’’ tiādi .

Tattha samaṇenāti pabbajjaṃ upagatena .

BrāhmaṇenātiM0.58 jātibrāhmaṇena .

Paramatthasamaṇabrāhmaṇānañhi paṭilomanacittaṃyeva natthi .

Devenāti kāmāvacaradevena .

Kenacīti yena kenaci avasiṭṭhapārisajjena .

Ettāvatā aṭṭhannampi parisānaṃ anavasesapariyādānaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Lokasmin ti sattaloke .

Tatthāti tissaṃ catusaccadhammadesanāyaṃ .

Aparimāṇā padā , aparimāṇā akkharāti uppaṭipāṭivacanaṃ yebhuyyena padasaṅgahitāni akkharānīti dassanatthaṃ .

Padā akkharā byañjanāti liṅgavipallāso katoti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Atthassāti catusaccasaṅkhātassa atthassa .

Saṅkāsanāti saṅkāsitabbākāro .

Esa nayo sesesupi .

Atthassāti ca sambandhe sāmivacanaṃ .

Itipidan tiV0.189 itīti pakārattho , pi -saddo sampiṇḍanattho , imināpi imināpi pakārena idaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ veditabbanti attho .

Tena jātiādibhedena yathāvuttassa dukkhasaccassa anekabhedataṃ taṃdīpakānaṃ akkharapadādīnaṃ vuttappakāraṃ aparimāṇatañca samattheti .

Ayaṃ dukkhasamudayoti ayaṃ kāmataṇhādibhedā taṇhāvaṭṭassa mūlabhūtā yathāvuttassa dukkhassa nibbattihetubhāvato dukkhasamudayo .

Ayaṃ dukkhanirodhoti ayaṃ sabbasaṅkhatanissaṭā asaṅkhatadhātu yathāvuttassa dukkhassa anuppādanirodhapaccayattā dukkhanirodho .

Ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti ayaṃ sammādiṭṭhiādiaṭṭhaṅgasamūho dukkhanirodhasaṅkhātaṃ nibbānaṃ gacchati ārammaṇavasena tadabhimukhībhūtattā paṭipadā ca hoti dukkhanirodhappattiyāti dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā .

Itipidan ti padassa pana samudayasacce aṭṭhasatataṇhāvicaritehi , nirodhasacce madanimmadanādipariyāyehi , maggasacce sattattiṃsabodhipakkhiyadhammehi attho vibhajitvā veditabbo .

Sesaṃ vuttanayameva .

Evaṃ ‘‘ dvādasa padāni suttan ’’ ti gāthāya sakalassa sāsanassa channaṃ atthapadānaṃ channañca byañjanapadānaṃ vasena yā dvādasapadatā vuttā , tameva ‘‘ dhammaṃ vo , bhikkhave , desessāmī ’’ tiādinā desanāhārassa visayadassanavasena chachakkapariyāyaṃ ( ma . ni .3.420 ādayo ) ekadesena uddisitvā dhammacakkappavattanasuttena ( saṃ . ni .5.1081; mahāva .13; paṭi . ma .2.30) tadatthassa saṅgahitabhāvadassanamukhena sabbassāpi bhagavato vacanassa catusaccadesanābhāvaṃ tadatthassa ca catusaccabhāvaṃ vibhāvento ‘‘ idaṃ dukkhantiM0.59 me , bhikkhave , bārāṇasiyan ’’ tiādinā saccavibhaṅgasuttaṃ ( ma . ni .3.371 ādayo ) uddesato dassetvā ‘‘ tattha aparimāṇā padā ’’ tiādinā byañjanatthapadāni vibhajanto dvādasapadabhāvaṃ dīpetvā idāni tesaṃ aññamaññavisayivisayabhāvena sambandhabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ tattha bhagavā akkharehi saṅkāsetī ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .

Tattha padāvayavaggahaṇamukhena padaggahaṇaṃ , gahite ca pade padatthāvabodho gahitapubbasaṅketassa hoti .

Tattha ca padāvayavaggahaṇena viya padaggahaṇassa , padatthāvayavaggahaṇenāpi padatthaggahaṇassa visesādhānaṃ jāyatīti āha –

‘‘ akkharehi saṅkāsetī ’’ ti .

Yasmā pana akkharehi saṃkhittena dīpiyamāno attho padapariyosāne vākyassa apariyositattā padeneva pakāsito dīpito hoti , tasmā ‘‘ padehi pakāsetī ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Vākyapariyosāne pana so attho vivarito vivaṭoV0.190 kato hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘ byañjanehi vivaratī ’’ ti .

Yasmā ca pakārehi vākyabhede kate tadattho vibhatto nāma hoti , tasmā ‘‘ ākārehi vibhajatī ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Tathā vākyāvayavānaṃ paccekaṃ nibbacanavibhāge kate so attho pākaṭo hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘ niruttīhi uttānīkarotī ’’ ti .

Katanibbacanehi vākyāvayavehi vitthāravasena niravasesato desitehi veneyyānaṃ cittaparitosanaṃ buddhinisānañca kataṃ hotīti āha –

‘‘ niddesehi paññapetī ’’ ti .

Ettha ca akkharehi eva saṅkāsetīti avadhāraṇaṃ akatvā akkharehi saṅkāsetiyevāti evaṃ avadhāraṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Evañhi sati atthapadānaṃ nānāvākyavisayatāpi siddhā hoti .

Tena ekānusandhike sutte chaḷeva atthapadāni , nānānusandhike pana anusandhimhi anusandhimhi cha cha atthapadāni niddhāretabbāni .

‘‘ Akkharehi ca padehi ca ugghaṭetī ’’ tiādinā byañjanapadānaṃ kiccasādhanaṃ dasseti .

Veneyyattayavinayameva hi tesaṃ byāpāro .

Aṭṭhānabhāvato pana saccappaṭivedhassa padaparamo na idha vutto .

Neyyaggahaṇeneva vā tassāpi idha gahaṇaṃ sekkhaggahaṇena viya kalyāṇaputhujjanassāti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Akkharehītiādīsu karaṇasādhane karaṇavacanaṃ , na hetumhi .

Akkharādīni hi ugghaṭanādiatthāni , na ugghaṭanādiakkharādiatthaṃ .

Yadatthā ca kiriyāM0.60 so hetu , yathā ‘‘ annenavasatī ’’ ti .

Ugghaṭetīti sotāvadhānaṃ katvā samāhitacittānaṃ veneyyānaṃ saṅkāsanavasena akkharehi visesaṃ ādahanto yathā padapariyosāne āsayappaṭibodho hoti , tathā yathādhippetaṃ atthaṃ saṅkhepena katheti uddisatīti attho .

Vipañcayatīti yathāuddiṭṭhaṃ atthaṃ niddisati .

Vitthāretīti vitthāraṃ karoti , vitthāraṃ katvā ācikkhati vā , paṭiniddisatīti attho .

Yasmā cettha ugghaṭetīti uddisanaṃ adhippetaṃ .

Uddeso ca desanāya ādi , tasmā vuttaṃ –

‘‘ ugghaṭanā ādī ’’ ti .

Tathā vipañcanaṃ niddisanaṃ , vittharaṇaṃ paṭiniddisanaṃ , niddesapaṭiniddesā ca desanāya majjhapariyosānāti .

Tena vuttaṃ –

‘‘ vipañcanā majjhe , vitthāraṇā pariyosānan ’’ ti .

Evaṃ ‘‘ akkharehi saṅkāsetī ’’ tiādinā channaṃ byañjanapadānaṃ byāpāraṃ dassetvā idāni atthapadānaṃ byāpāraṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ soyaṃ dhammavinayo ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .

Tattha sīlādidhammo eva pariyattiatthabhūto veneyyavinayanato dhammavinayo .

Ugghaṭīyantoti uddisiyamāno .

Tenāti ugghaṭitaññūvinayanena .

Vipañcīyantoti niddisiyamāno .

Vitthārīyantoti paṭiniddisiyamāno .

10. EttāvatāV0.191 ‘‘ dhammaṃ vo , bhikkhave , desessāmī ’’ ti uddiṭṭhāya pāḷiyā tividhakalyāṇataṃ dassetvā idāni atthabyañjanasampattiṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ cha padāni attho ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .

Taṃ suviññeyyaṃ .

‘‘ Tenāha bhagavā ’’ tiādinā desanāhārassa visayabhāvena uddiṭṭhaṃ pāḷiṃ nigamanavasena dasseti .

Lokuttaran tiādi ‘‘ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhan ’’ ti padānaṃ atthavivaraṇaṃ .

Tattha upaṭṭhitaṃ sabbavisesānan ti sabbesaṃ uttarimanussadhammasaṅkhātānaṃ visesānaṃ adhisīlasikkhādivisesānaṃ vā upatiṭṭhanaṭṭhānaṃ .

‘‘ Idaṃ nesaṃ padakkantan ’’ tiādīnaṃ viya etassa saddasiddhi veditabbā .

‘‘ Idaṃ vuccati tathāgatapadaṃ itipī ’’ tiādīsu idaṃ sikkhattayasaṅgahaṃ sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ tathāgatagandhahatthino paṭipattidesanāgamanehi kilesagahanaṃ ottharitvā gatamaggotipi .

Tena gocarabhāvanāsevanāhi nisevitaṃ bhajitantipi .

Tassa mahāvajirañāṇasabbaññutaññāṇadantehi ārañjitaṃ tebhūmakadhammānaṃ ārañjanaṭṭhānantipi vuccatīti attho .

Ato cetan ti yato tathāgatapadādibhāvena vuccati , ato aneneva kāraṇena brahmuno sabbasattuttamassa bhagavato , brahmaṃ vā sabbaseṭṭhaṃ cariyanti paññāyati yāvadevaM0.61 manussehi suppakāsitattā yathāvuttappakārehi ñāyati .

Tenāha bhagavāti yathāvuttatthaṃ pāḷiṃ nigamanavasena dasseti .

Anupādāparinibbānatthatāya bhagavato desanāya yāvadeva ariyamaggasampāpanattho desanāhāroti dassetuṃ ‘‘ kesaṃ ayaṃ dhammadesanā ’’ ti pucchitvā ‘‘ yogīnan ’’ ti āha .

Catusaccakammaṭṭhānabhāvanāya yuttappayuttāti yogino .

Te hi imaṃ desanāhāraṃ payojentīti .

Idaṃ vacanaṃ desanāhāravibhaṅgassa yathānusandhinā sammā ṭhapitabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ pakaraṇaṃ saṅgāyantehi ṭhapitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘ tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano ’’ ti .

Niyuttoti pāḷito assādādipadatthe niddhāretvā yojitoti attho .

Desanāhāravibhaṅgavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

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