Lokuttarakusalavaṇṇanā
Evaṃ tividhampi lokiyakusalaṃ niddisitvā idāni lokuttarakusalaṃ niddisanto āha ‘‘ itaraṃ
V1.188 panā ’’ tiādi .Lujjanapalujjanaṭṭhena
M1.233 loko , so tividho – saṅkhāraloko sattaloko bhājanalokoti .Tato idaṃ uttaratīti lokuttaraṃ .
Cattāropi hi maggā upādānakkhandhasaṅkhātasaṅkhāralokato uttaranti anāsavabhāvena .
Sattalokesu ca sotāpattimaggo anariyalokato uttarati , sakadāgāmimaggo sotāpannalokato , anāgāmimaggo sakadāgāmilokato , arahattamaggo anāgāmilokato uttarati .
Bhājanalokesu pana paṭhamamaggo apāyalokato uttarati , sakadāgāmimaggo kāmalokekadesato , anāgāmimaggo sakalakāmalokato , arahattamaggo rūpārūpalokato uttarati .
Iti catubbidhampi maggacittaṃ tividhalokato uttaratīti lokuttaraṃ , kucchitasalanādito pana kusalaṃ , cintanādito cittañcāti lokuttarakusalacittaṃ .
Phalaṃ pana lokato uttiṇṇattā lokuttaraṃ , ubhayampi vā saha nibbānena upādānakkhandhasaṅkhātalokato uttaraṃ visiṭṭhataranti lokuttaraṃ .
Yathāha ‘‘ yāvatā , bhikkhave , dhammā saṅkhatā vā asaṅkhatā vā , virāgo tesaṃ dhammānaṃ aggamakkhāyatī ’’ ti ( a . ni .4.34; itivu .90).
Niyatāniyatavatthukabhedatoti sotāpattimaggassa paratoghosapaccayena vinā anuppajjanato arūpabhave sambhavo natthīti taṃ niyatavatthukaṃ , itaraṃ pana sattavidhampi paratoghosaṃ vināpi vipassanābaleneva nipphajjanato tatthāpi sambhavatīti aniyatavatthukaṃ .
Tīhi … pe … tividhan ti lokuttaravimokkhānaṃ dvārabhāvato vimokkhamukhasaṅkhātāhi suññatānupassanādīhi tīhi vuṭṭhānagāminivipassanāhi pattabbato idaṃ lokuttarakusalaṃ tividhaṃ suññataṃ animittaṃ appaṇihitanti .
Katame pana
M1.234 te lokuttaravimokkhāti ?Nava lokuttaradhammā .
Yathāha ‘‘ cattāro ca ariyamaggā cattāri ca sāmaññaphalāni nibbānañca , ayaṃ anāsavo vimokkho ’’ ti ( paṭi . ma .1.213).
Imāni hi saṃkilesadhammehi suṭṭhu vimuttattā vimokkhā nāma .
Tāni pana paccekaṃ suññato vimokkho , animitto vimokkho , appaṇihito vimokkhoti tividhāni .
Yathāha ‘‘ tayome , bhikkhave , vimokkhā – suññato vimokkho , animitto vimokkho , appaṇihito vimokkho ’’ ti ( paṭi . ma .1.209).
Idha pana kusalādhikārattā catumaggasaṅkhātāyeva lokuttaradhammā adhippetā .
Suññatādināmalābho ca nesaṃ āgamanato , saguṇato , ārammaṇato ca veditabbo .
Tathā hi
V1.189 āgacchati maggo , phalañca etenāti āgamanaṃ .Tañhi duvidhaṃ maggāgamanaṃ , phalāgamanañca .
Tesu vuṭṭhānagāminivipassanā maggāgamanaṃ , ariyamaggo phalāgamanaṃ .
Tattha maggassa āgataṭṭhāne maggāgamanaṃ gahetabbaṃ , phalassa āgataṭṭhāne phalāgamanaṃ .
Idha pana maggassa āgatattā maggāgamanaṃ gahitanti .
Tato āgamanato .
Saguṇatoti sabhāvato .
Ārammaṇatoti ārammaṇadhammato .
Yo hi sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ anattalakkhaṇapaṭivedhavasappavattāya anattānupassanāya vasena maggaṃ paṭilabhati , tassa sā anupassanā asuññattakarānaṃ attābhinivesapaccayānaṃ diṭṭhekaṭṭhakilesānaṃ vikkhambhitabhāvena tebhūmakadhammānaṃ attasuññatāya yāthāvato gahaṇato suññatānupassanā nāma hoti .
Tāya pana paṭiladdhamaggo suññatāya āgatattā suññato nāma .
Tenāha ‘‘ anattato manasikaronto suññatavimokkhena vimuccatī ’’ ti ( paṭi . ma .1.227).
Yo
M1.235 pana sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ aniccalakkhaṇapaṭivedhavasappavattāya aniccānupassanāya maggaṃ paṭilabhati , tassa sā anupassanā niccanimittādigāhakarānaṃ kilesānaṃ vikkhambhitattā dhuvabhāvūpaṭṭhānasaṅkhātaniccanimittādino aggahaṇato animittānupassanā nāma .Tāya pana laddhamaggo animittāya āgatattā animitto nāma .
Tenāha ‘‘ aniccato manasikaronto animittavimokkhena vimuccatī ’’ ti ( paṭi . ma .1.227).
Yo pana sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ dukkhalakkhaṇapaṭivedhavasappavattāya dukkhānupassanāya vasena maggaṃ paṭilabhati , tassa sā anupassanā taṇhāpaṇidhānassa vikkhambhanena paṇidhivirahitattā appaṇihitānupassanā nāma .
Tāya pana laddhamaggo appaṇihitāya āgatattā appaṇihito nāma .
Tenāha ‘‘ dukkhato manasikaronto appaṇihitavimokkhena vimuccatī ’’ ti .
Ayaṃ tāvassa āgamanavasena nāmalābho .
Attano pana rāgādīhi suññatattā , niccanimittādivirahitattā , taṇhāpaṇidhiabhāvato ca saguṇato , rāgādisuññasseva , niccanimittādivirahitassa , paṇidhivippamuttassa ca nibbānassa ārammaṇakaraṇato ārammaṇato ca suññatādivimokkho nāma hotīti evamassa saguṇārammaṇehi nāmalābho daṭṭhabbo .
So ca kho suttantapariyāyeneva , no abhidhammapariyāyena .
Suttantakathā hi pariyāyadesanā , itarā nippariyāyadesanā , tasmā saguṇārammaṇato nāmassa sabbasādhāraṇabhāvena
V1.190 avavatthānakarattā pariyāyabhāvato suttantapariyāyeneva lābho , āgamanato pana abhidhammapariyāyenapi vavatthānakarabhāvena nippariyāyattā .Teneva hi ācariyena ‘‘ tīhi vimokkhamukhehi pattabbato tividhan ’’ ti vimokkhamukhameva dhuraṃ katvā vuttaṃ , na ‘‘ suññatādināmato tividhan ’’ ti .
Animittanāmaṃ panettha
M1.236 āgamanatopi suttantapariyāyeneva labbhati abhidhamme maggaṃ pati animittanāmassa anuddhatattā .Anuddhaṭattaṃ pana na anuddharitabbatāmattena , atha kho nippariyāyato tassa magge alabbhanato .
Kiñcāpi hi ayaṃ vipassanā niccanimittaṃ ugghāṭentī pavattati , saṅkhāranimittassa pana anissajjanato na nippariyāyato animittanāmaṃ labhati .
Yaṃ panetaṃ sutte –
‘‘ Animittañca bhāvehi , mānānusayamujjaha ;
Tato mānābhisamayā , upasanto carissasī ’’ ti .( su . ni .344)–
Maggassa animittabhāvavacanaṃ , taṃ yathāvuttapariyāyavasena labbhamānaṃ gahetvā vuttaṃ .
Abhidhamme pana yā sayampi nippariyāyato animittanāmaṃ na labhati , sā kathaṃ maggassa taṃ dadeyyāti maggassa animittanāmaṃ na uddhaṭaṃ .
Yadi evaṃ suññatanāmenapi idaṃ samānaṃ .
Anattānupassanāpi hi kiñcāpi puggalasuññataṃ gaṇhāti , dhammasuññataṃ pana na gaṇhātīti sayaṃ nippariyāyena suññatānupassanā nāma na hotīti suññatanāmampi maggassa na dadeyya .
Atha puggalasuññatāggahaṇamattena sayaṃ suññatānupassanā hutvā maggassa taṃ dadeyya , aniccānupassanāpi saṅkhāranimittassa gahaṇepi niccanimittādiugghāṭanato sayaṃ animittānupassanā hutvā maggassa animittanāmaṃ dadeyyāti ?
Na idamevaṃ , niccādinimittugghāṭanena animittabhāvassa nippariyāyena magge alabbhanato niccādinimittugghāṭanassapi pariyāyabhāvato .
Nanu idampi sabbattha samānaṃ .
Suññataappaṇihitabhāvopi hi nippariyāyena amagge na labbhati puggalasuññataggahaṇassa , paṇidhisosanassa ca ujukaṃ maggeneva nipphajjanato , tasmā suññatānupassanāpi appaṇihitānupassanāpi pariyāyeneva taṃ taṃ nāmaṃ labhantīti maggassa nippariyāyato nāmaṃ na dentīti ?
Na , tato
M1.237 laddhaariyamaggassa nippariyāyato sampayuttadhammavaseneva suññataappaṇihitanāmasambhavato .Kathaṃ ?
Ṭhapetvā buddhuppādaṃ sarabhaṅgasatthārādikālepi dubbijānīyabhāvena sukhumassa anattalakkhaṇassa paññāya eva gocarabhāvato anattānupassanāya anupassanato
V1.191 maggakkhaṇe paññindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti .Yathāha –
‘‘ anattato manasikaroto paññindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hotī ’’ ti ( paṭi . ma .1.221).
Tañca pana sayaṃ attābhinivesasamugghāṭanato , ariyamaggapariyāpannattā ca nippariyāyatova suññatanāmaṃ labhati .
Dukkhānupassanāya samādhivipaccanīkassa paṇidhisaṅkhātarāgassa sosanato tassā vasena anupassantassa maggakkhaṇe samādhindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti .
Yathāha –
‘‘ dukkhato manasikaroto samādhindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hotī ’’ ti .
Tañca pana sayaṃ paṇidhisosanato , ariyamaggapariyāpannattā ca nippariyāyatova appaṇihitanāmaṃ labhati .
Sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ pana aniccabhāvaṃ āgamanato sutvā pacchā sayaṃ paccakkhato passato ‘‘ aniccameva vata so bhagavā ‘ aniccan ’ ti āhā ’’ ti bhagavati saddhābāhullapaṭilābhato aniccānupassanāya manasikaroto maggakkhaṇe saddhindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti .
Yathāha –
‘‘ aniccato manasikaroto saddhindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hotī ’’ ti .
Taṃ pana sayaṃ saṅkhāranimittato vuṭṭhahantampi ariyamaggapariyāpannaṃ na hotīti nippariyāyato animittanāmaṃ na labhati , tasmā yathā kāyakammādhikaṃ cittaṃ ‘‘ kāyakamman ’’ ti vuccati , evaṃ suññatasaṅkhātapaññindriyādhimatto maggo suññatanāmaṃ labhati , appaṇihitasaṅkhātasamādhindriyādhimatto appaṇihitanāmaṃ , saddhindriyādhimatto pana saddhāya animittanāmālābhato sayampi taṃ na labhati .
Yadi sampayuttadhammavasena suññatādināmālābho , atha kathaṃ ‘‘ āgamanato ’’ ti
M1.238 vuttaṃ ?Saccaṃ , āgamanato adhimattassa pana indriyassa vasena laddhanāmampi āgamanatova laddhaṃ hoti .
Atha vā abhidhammapariyāyenapi suññatabhāvo nāma puggalasuññatāyevāti puggalasuññataggāhitāya anattānupassanāya suññatanāmaṃ nippariyāyatova labbhati .
Paṇidhi nāma rāgādikā evāti rāgādisositāya dukkhānupassanāya appaṇihitanāmampi nippariyāyatova labbhati .
Nimittanti pana ṭhapetvā suttantapariyāyaṃ abhidhammapariyāyena saṅkhāranimittaṃ hotīti saṅkhāranimittaggāhitāya aniccānupassanāya animittanāmaṃ nippariyāyato na labbhati , tasmā nippariyāyato suññataappaṇihitanāmikānaṃ anattadukkhānupassanānaṃ vasena paṭiladdhamaggo āgamanato suññataappaṇihitanāmaṃ labhati , animittanāmaṃ pana pariyāyatova labhati .
Tena vuttaṃ
V1.192 –‘‘ animittanāmaṃ panettha āgamanatopi suttantapariyāyeneva labbhati abhidhamme maggaṃ pati animittanāmassa anuddhaṭattā ’’ ti .
Iti imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vimokkhānaṃ pavesanadvārabhāvato suññatānupassanādināmikā anattānupassanādikā tisso anukkamena balavabhāvaṃ patvā vuṭṭhānagāminivipassanābhūtā tīṇi vimokkhamukhānīti veditabbāni .
Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘ Tīṇi kho panimāni vimokkhamukhāni lokaniyyānāya saṃvattanti , sabbasaṅkhāre paricchedaparivaṭumato samanupassanatāya animittāya ca dhātuyā cittasampakkhandanatāya , sabbasaṅkhāresu manosamuttejanatāya appaṇihitāya ca dhātuyā cittasampakkhandanatāya , sabbadhamme parato samanupassanatāya suññatāya ca dhātuyā
M1.239 cittasampakkhandanatāya , imāni tīṇi vimokkhamukhāni lokaniyyānāya saṃvattantī ’’ ti ( paṭi . ma .1.219).Ettha hi paricchedaparivaṭumatoti udayabbayavasena paricchedato ceva parivaṭumato ca .
Aniccānupassanā hi ‘‘ udayato pubbe saṅkhārā natthī ’’ ti paricchinditvā tesaṃ gatiṃ samannesamānā vayato paraṃ na gacchanti , ettheva antaradhāyantīti parivaṭumato pariyantato samanupassati .
Samanupassanatāyāti sammadeva anupassanatāya saṃvattantīti sambandho .
Manosamuttejanatāyāti cittasaṃvejanatāya .
Dukkhānupassanena hi saṅkhāresu cittaṃ saṃvijjati .
Parato samanupassanatāyāti ‘‘ nāhaṃ , na maman ’’ ti evaṃ anattato samanupassanatāya .
Iti imāni tīṇi padāni aniccānupassanādīnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vasena vuttānīti veditabbāni .
Teneva ca tadanantare pañhāvissajjane –
‘‘ Aniccato manasikaroto khayato saṅkhārā upaṭṭhahanti , dukkhato manasikaroto bhayato saṅkhārā upaṭṭhahanti , anattato manasikaroto suññato saṅkhārā upaṭṭhahantī ’’ ti ( paṭi . ma .1.219)–
Vuttaṃ .
Nanu cettha abhidhammāvatārassa bhāsamānattā abhidhammapariyāyeneva vimokkhamukhāni ca vavatthapetuṃ yuttanti ?
Saccaṃ , aniccānupassanāyapi pana maggavuṭṭhānaṃ hotīti pakāsanatthaṃ suttantapariyāyenapi
V1.193 ekaṃ vavatthānaṃ kataṃ , tathā vuṭṭhito pana maggo abhidhammapariyāyena suddhikapaṭipadāyameva saṅgayhatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ .Catumaggayogabhedatoti sotāpattiādīhi catūhi ariyamaggehi sampayogappabhedato .
Ariyamaggānaṃ pana sammādiṭṭhādiaṭṭhaṅgasabhāvattā , tesañca sabbalokuttare atthitāya
M1.240 bhaṅgavasena abhedepi indriyānaṃ apāṭavapāṭavataratamabhāvena sacchikiriyāvisesato kilesānaṃ pahānabhedo hotīti taṃvasena catubbidhatā daṭṭhabbā .Tenevāha ‘‘ sakkāyadiṭṭhivicikicchā ’’ tiādi .
Sati vijjamāne pañcakkhandhasaṅkhāte kāye diṭṭhi sakkāyadiṭṭhi , sayaṃ vā tattha sati diṭṭhi sakkāyadiṭṭhi , pañcasu khandhesu attattaniyābhinivesavasena pavattāya micchādiṭṭhiyā etaṃ adhivacanaṃ .
Sā pana ekekasmiṃ khandhe catudhā abhinivesanavasena vīsatividhā hoti .
Tathā hi koci rūpaṃ attato samanupassati ‘‘ yaṃ rūpaṃ , so attā , yo attā , taṃ rūpaṃ , yathā dīpassa vaṇṇoyeva acci , acciyeva vaṇṇo ’’ ti .
Rūpavantaṃ vā attānaṃ samanupassati , chāyāvantaṃ viya rukkhaṃ .
Attani vā rūpaṃ , pupphe viya gandhaṃ .
Rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ , samugge viya maṇi .
Evaṃ vedanādīsupi ‘‘ vedanaṃ attato samanupassatī ’’ tiādinā yojetabbaṃ .
Tattha yo pañcavidho abyatirittaattābhiniveso , sā ucchedadiṭṭhi .
Yo pana pannarasavidho byatirittaattābhiniveso , sā sassatadiṭṭhīti veditabbaṃ .
Sabhāvaṃ vicinanto tāya kicchati kilamatīti vicikicchā , tikicchituṃ dukkaratāya vā vigatā cikicchā ñāṇapatikāro imissāti vicikicchā .
Sā pana –
‘‘ Satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati , dhamme , saṅghe , sikkhāya , pubbante , aparante , pubbantāparante , idappaccayatāpaṭiccasamuppannesu dhammesu kaṅkhati vicikicchatī ’’ ti ( dha . sa .1008 thokaṃ . visadisaṃ )–
Evaṃ buddhādīsu kaṅkhāvasena aṭṭhavatthukā ,
‘‘ Ahosiṃ nu kho ahamatītamaddhānaṃ , na nu kho ahosiṃ , kiṃ nu kho ahosiṃ , kathaṃ nu kho ahosiṃ
M1.241 , kiṃ hutvā kiṃ ahosiṃ nu kho ahamatītamaddhānaṃ , bhavissāmi nu kho ahamanāgatamaddhānaṃV1.194 , na nu kho bhavissāmi , kiṃ nu kho bhavissāmi , kathaṃ nu kho bhavissāmi , kiṃ hutvā kiṃ bhavissāmi nu kho ahamanāgatamaddhānaṃ , etarahi vā pana paccuppannamaddhānaṃ ajjhattaṃ kathaṃkathī hoti , ahaṃ nu khosmi , no nu khosmi , kiṃ nu khosmi , kathaṃ nu khosmi , ayaṃ nu kho satto kuto āgato , so kuhiṃ gāmī bhavissatī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.18; saṃ . ni .2.20)–Evaṃ pubbantādayo ārabbha pavattivasena soḷasavatthukā ca niddiṭṭhā .
Tattha satthari kaṅkhanto tassa rūpakāyadhammakāyānaṃ vijjamānataṃ , avijjamānatañca kaṅkhati , dhamme kaṅkhanto tassa svākkhātadvākkhātabhāve kaṅkhati , saṅghe kaṅkhanto tassa suppaṭipannavippaṭipannatādibhāve kaṅkhati , sikkhāya kaṅkhanto tassā supaññattaduppaññattabhāvaṃ kaṅkhati , pubbante kaṅkhanto sassatākāraṃ , adhiccasamuppattiākārañca nissāya atīte attano vijjamānataṃ , avijjamānatañca kaṅkhati , aparante kaṅkhanto sassatākāraṃ , ucchedākārañca nissāya anāgate attano uppattiṃ , anuppattiñca kaṅkhati , pubbantāparante kaṅkhanto paccuppanne attano atthibhāvaṃ , natthibhāvañca kaṅkhati .
Paccuppanno hi addhā pubbabhāgāparabhāgakoṭṭhāsavantatāya ‘‘ pubbantāparanto ’’ ti vuccati , yuttaṃ pana taṃ ārabbha kaṅkhājanananti ?
Yuttaṃ , ayuttanti kā ettha cintā .
Ummattako viya hi bālaputhujjano .
Tasmā so yaṃ kiñci kaṅkhatiyeva .
Teneva ca soḷasavatthukavicikicchāniddese ‘‘ etarahi vā panā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .
Ācariyā pana ‘‘ pubbantāparantoti atītānāgate ekajjhaṃ gahetvā tadubhayamārabbha
M1.242 kaṅkhanto pubbantāparante kaṅkhatī ’’ tipi vadanti .Idappaccayatāpaṭiccasamuppannesu dhammesu kaṅkhanto pana avijjādīnaṃ paccayānaṃ , saṅkhārādīnañca paccayuppannānaṃ hetuhetusamuppannabhāvassa sabbhāvāsabbhāvaṃ kaṅkhatīti evaṃ tāva aṭṭhavatthukakaṅkhāya pavatti veditabbā .
Soḷasavatthukā pana ‘‘ ahosiṃ nu kho … pe … na nu kho ahosin ’’ ti kaṅkhanto vuttanayeneva atīte attano vijjamānāvijjamānataṃ kaṅkhati .
Kiṃ nu kho ahosin ti jātiliṅgupapattiyo nissāya ‘‘ khattiyo nu kho ahosiṃ , brāhmaṇādīsu gahaṭṭhādīsu devādīsu aññataro nu kho ’’ ti kaṅkhati .
Kathaṃ nu khoti saṇṭhānākāraṃ nissāya ‘‘ dīgho nu kho ahosiṃ , rassaodātakāḷādīnañca aññataro ’’ ti kaṅkhati .
Issaranimmānādīni nissāya ‘‘ kena
V1.195 nu kho pakārena ahosin ’’ ti nibbattanākārato kaṅkhatīti vadanti .Kiṃ hutvā kiṃ ahosin ti jātiādīni nissāya ‘‘ khattiyo hutvā nu kho brāhmaṇo ahosiṃ … pe … devo hutvā nu kho manusso ahosin ’’ ti attano aparāparaṃ pavattiṃ kaṅkhati .
Bhavissāmi nu kho , na nu khoti heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva anāgate attano vijjamānāvijjamānataṃ kaṅkhati .
‘‘ Kiṃ nu kho bhavissāmī ’’ tiādi vuttanayameva .
Ahaṃ nu khosmi , na nu khosmīti idāni attano atthibhāvaṃ , natthibhāvañca kaṅkhati .
Tattha kāraṇaṃ vuttameva .
Kiṃ nu khosmīti khattiyādikova samāno attano khattiyādibhāvaṃ kaṅkhati .
Eseva nayo sesesupi .
Kathaṃ nu khosmīti ‘‘ abbhantare jīvo nāma atthī ’’ ti gahetvā tassa dīghādibhāvaṃ kaṅkhati .
Paccuppannaṃ pana attano sarīrasaṇṭhānaṃ ajānanto nāma natthi .
Kuto āgato , kuhiṃ gāmī bhavissatīti attabhāvassa āgatagataṭṭhānāni kaṅkhatīti veditabbaṃ .
Sīlañca
M1.243 vatañca sīlabbataṃ , tattha gosīlādiasuddhimaggo samādānavasena sīlaṃ , avītikkamavasena vataṃ .Ubhayathāpi vā sīlaṃ , tapokammabhāvena gahitattā vataṃ .
Gavādipakatibhāvato attano vā gavādibhāvādhiṭṭhānaṃ sīlaṃ ,‘‘ gacchanto bhakkheti , tiṭṭhanto muttetī ’’ tiādinā gavādikiriyāya karaṇaṃ vataṃ .
Taṃtaṃakiccasammasato vā nivatti sīlaṃ , taṃsamādānavato vesabhojanakiccacaraṇādivisesapaṭipatti vataṃ .
Sabhāvaṃ atikkamma parato āmasanaṃ gahaṇanti parāmāso , sīlabbatassa parāmāso sīlabbataparāmāso .
Ito bahiddhā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ sīlena suddhi , vatena suddhi , sīlabbatena suddhīti evaṃ asuddhimagge ‘‘ suddhimaggo ’’ ti pavattassa micchābhinivesassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ .
Sakkāyadiṭṭhi ca vicikicchā ca sīlabbataparāmāso cāti sakkāya … pe … parāmāso , teyeva kammavipākesu , vaṭṭasmiṃ vā satte saṃyojenti bandhantīti saṃyojanāni , tesaṃ diṭṭhivisuddhiādīhi tadaṅgavasena pahīnānaṃ anuppattidhammatāpādanena accantasamucchedappahānaṃ karotīti sakkā … pe … ppahānakaraṃ .
Nibbānaṃ pati savanato sandanato soto vuccati ariyo aṭṭhaṅgikamaggo , tassa ādito pajjanaṃ sotāpatti , nibbānaṃ maggati , nibbānatthikehi maggīyati , kilese mārento gacchatīti vā maggo , sotāpatti eva maggo sotāpattimaggo .
Atha vā sotaṃ ādito pajjati adhigacchatīti sotāpatti , paṭhamo ariyapuggalo , tassa maggo sotāpattimaggo , sammādiṭṭhiādīni aṭṭhaṅgāni , tena sampayuttaṃ cittaṃ sotāpattimaggacittaṃ .
Rajjati
V1.196 abhisajjatīti rāgo , so idha pañcakāmavisayā , kāmabhavavisayā ca taṇhā .Dussatīti doso , dasavidhaāghātavatthupadaṭṭhāno
M1.244 byāpādo .Muyhatīti moho , dukkhādīsu aṭṭhasu aññāṇaṃ .
Etesaṃ kilesānaṃ tanuttaṃ tanubhāvaṃ karotīti rāga … pe … tanuttakaraṃ .
Tattha dvīhi kāraṇehi tanuttaṃ abhiṇhānuppattito , pariyuṭṭhānamandatāya cāti .
Sakadāgāmissa hi vaṭṭānusārimahājanassa viya kilesā abhiṇhaṃ na uppajjanti , kadāci viraḷākārā hutvā uppajjanti , tathā uppajjantāpi maddantā chādentā andhakāraṃ karontā nuppajjanti .
Dvīhi pana maggehi pahīnattā mandamandā tanukatanukā uppajjanti .
Keci pana sakadāgāmissa kilesā cirena uppajjantāpi bahalāva uppajjanti .
Tathā hissa puttadhītaro dissantīti vadanti .
Taṃ akāraṇaṃ , vatthupaṭisevanena vināpi gabbhaggahaṇasabbhāvato , tasmā vuttanayeneva dvīhi kāraṇehi nesaṃ tanubhāvo veditabbo .
Kasmā panettha mohassa tanubhāvo vutto , nanu tatiyamaggavajjhānameva iminā tanuttakaraṇaṃ vattabbaṃ , itarathā heṭṭhā tīhipi maggehi uparimaggavajjhakilesānaṃ bahalābahalāvatthāya pahīyamānattā idha sabbesameva uddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanānaṃ tanubhāvo vattabbo , teneva ca pāḷiyampi ‘‘ kāmarāgabyāpādānaṃ tanubhāvāya dutiyāya bhūmiyā pattiyā ’’ ti vuttanti .
Saccametaṃ , sutte pana uparimaggavajjhānaṃ tanubhāvapariyāyaṃ gahetvā ‘‘ rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmī hotī ’’ ti hetuttayatanubhāvassa āgatattā idhāpi tadanulomena vuttaṃ .
‘‘ Kāmarāgabyāpādāna ’’ micceva vā pāṭho .
Tathā hi ettheva upari dutiyamaggañāṇaniddese ‘‘ byāpādakāmarāgānaṃ , tanubhāvaṃ tu sādhayan ’’ ti ( abhidha .1353) vuttaṃ .
Paṭisandhivasena sakideva imaṃ manussalokaṃ āgacchatīti sakadāgāmī , tassa maggo sakadāgāmimaggo .
Kiñcāpi hi maggaṭṭhassa paṭisandhivasena āgamanāsambhavato
M1.245 phalaṭṭhoyeva sakadāgāmī nāma hoti , tassa pana āgamanabhūto maggo maggantarāvacchedanatthaṃ tadāyattabhāvūpanayanena sakadāgāmimaggoti vuccati , taṃsampayuttaṃ cittaṃ sakadāgāmimaggacittaṃ .Pañcasu kāmaguṇesu , kāmabhave ca rāgo kāmarāgo .
Byāpajjati tena cittanti byāpādo .
Paṭisandhivasena imaṃ kāmadhātuṃ na āgacchatīti anāgāmī .
Rūpabhave chandarāgo rūparāgo .
Arūpabhave chandarāgo arūparāgo .
Māno idha arahattādhigamaṃ paṭicca uṇṇatimattaṃ .
Uddhaccampi ‘‘ ko me bhāro kilesasamucchedane ’’ ti evamākārappavattaṃ cittassa avūpasamamattaṃ .
Avijjā pi asukhe sukhasaññāvipallāso .
Ārakattā kilesehi , micchāpaṭipannehi vā , rāgādiarīnaṃ , saṃsāracakkassa arānañca hatattā , paccayādīnaṃ arahattā , rahopi pāpākaraṇena pāpakaraṇe
V1.197 rahassa abhāvā , rahitabbato jahitabbato ‘‘ rahā ’’ ti laddhanāmānaṃ vā pāpadhammānaṃ abhāvato , sādhūhi arahitabbato apariccajitabbato , rahasaṅkhātassa vā gamanassa saṃsāre abhāvato arahā , aṭṭhamo ariyapuggalo , tassa bhāvo arahattaṃ , aggaphalassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ .Tañhi ‘‘ arahā ’’ ti abhidhānassa , buddhiyā ca pavattinibandhanattā arahato bhāvoti katvā ‘‘ arahattan ’’ ti vuccati , tassa āgamanabhūto maggo arahattamaggo , taṃsampayuttaṃ cittaṃ arahattamaggacittaṃ .
Jhānaṅgayogabhedatoti rūpāvacaraṃ viya pañcahi jhānaṅgehi sampayogabhedato .
Kathaṃ panassa bhedoti ?
Ettha tāva aṭṭhakathāvādo , tayo ca theravādāti cattāro vādā honti .
Tathā hi aṭṭhakathāyaṃ tāva ‘‘ saṅkhārupekkhābhāvaṃ patvā vuṭṭhānagāminivipassanāmaggassa jhānaṅgaṃ niyametī ’’ ti vuttaṃ .
Tipiṭakacūḷanāgatthero pana ‘‘ maggāsannavipassanāya
M1.246 padaṭṭhānabhūtaṃ pādakajjhānaṃ niyametī ’’ ti āha .Moravāpivāsimahādattatthero ‘‘ vipassanāya ārammaṇabhūtā khandhā niyamenti .
Yañhi jhānaṃ sammasitvā vuṭṭhāti , taṃsadisova hotī ’’ ti āha .
Tipiṭakacūḷābhayatthero pana ‘‘ puggalajjhāsayo niyameti ,‘ aho vata pañcaṅgikaṃ , caturaṅgikaṃ vā maggaṃ pāpuṇeyyan ’ tiādinā yathā yathāssa ajjhāsayo hoti , tathā tathā maggo hotī ’’ ti āha .
Yasmā pana aṭṭhakathāvādo pamāṇaṃ , tayo ca therā paṇḍitā byattā , tasmā cattāropi vādā aññamaññaṃ appaṭibāhanavasena evaṃ veditabbā .
Kathaṃ ?
Kāmāvacaradhamme tāva sammasitvā sukkhavipassakassa uppannamaggopi samāpattilābhino jhānaṃ pādakaṃ akatvā uppāditamaggopi vipassanāniyāmena paṭhamajjhānikāva honti .
Sace pana kiñci jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā uppādito hoti , tassa vasena aṅgapariṇāmo hotīti taṃtaṃjhānasadiso hoti .
Yasmā panettha kāmāvacarakkhandhe ārabbha pavattā vipassanā kāmāvacaradhammesu ca mahaggatadhammesu viya bhāvanāvisesato jhānaṅgaviseso natthi , tasmā ‘‘ vipassanāya ārammaṇabhūtā khandhā niyamentī ’’ ti evaṃ pavatto dutiyattheravādo imaṃ vādaṃ na pavisati .
Jhānadhamme sammasitvā uppāditamaggo sace pādakajjhānaṃ natthi , sammasitajjhānaniyāmena taṃtaṃjhāniko hoti .
Sace paṭhamajjhānato vuṭṭhāya dutiyādijhāne sammasitvā uppādito , puggalajjhāsayaniyāmena dvīsu aññatarajjhānasadiso hoti .
Sace pana puggalassa tathāvidho ajjhāsayo natthi , tadā kathanti ?
Ettha tāva keci ‘‘ nānāvajjanavīthiyameva nivattamānapādakajjhānato ekāvajjanavīthiyaṃ
V1.198 gotrabhubhāvaṃ patvā nivattamānāya vipassanāya ārammaṇabhūtā khandhāyevaM1.247 balavanto , tasmā sammasitakkhandhaniyāmena taṃsadiso maggo hotī ’’ ti vadanti .Evañca sati ‘‘ pādakajjhānaniyāmena hotī ’’ ti evaṃ pavatto paṭhamattheravādo pādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya kāmāvacarakkhandhe sammasitvā uppāditamaggameva sandhāya tiṭṭhatīti .
Apare pana ‘‘ pādakajjhānaṃ maggassa mūlakāraṇavasena paccayo hoti āsannakāraṇavasenapi , sammasitakkhandhā pana mūlakāraṇavaseneva paccayā honti , tasmā sammasitakkhandhato pādakajjhānameva balavataranti pādakajjhānasadiso maggo hotī ’’ ti vadanti .
Evaṃ sante pana ‘‘ sammasitakkhandhaniyāmenā ’’ ti evaṃ pavatto dutiyattheravādo samāpattiṃ pādakaṃ akatvā kevalaṃ jhānadhammeyeva sammasitvā uppāditamaggameva sandhāya tiṭṭhati .
Yasmā pana heṭṭhimaheṭṭhimajjhānato uparūparijhānaṃ balappattaṃ hoti , tasmā heṭṭhimaheṭṭhimajjhānato vuṭṭhāya uparūparijhānadhamme vipassato uppannamaggo pādakajjhānaṃ anapekkhitvā sammasitajjhānavasena taṃtaṃjhāniko hoti .
Uparūparijhānato pana vuṭṭhāya heṭṭhimaheṭṭhimajjhānadhamme sammasitvā uppāditamaggo sammasitajjhānaṃ anapekkhitvā pādakajjhānasadiso hotīti idamettha sārataraṃ .
Evañhi sati dvinnampi therānaṃ vādā nippadesavisayā samaphalā honti .
Tatiyattheravādo cettha pādakajjhānaṃ , sammasitajjhānaṃ vā vinā ajjhāsayamatteneva na ijjhati .
Tīsupi vādesu ṭhapetvā sesajhānaṅgapariṇāmaṃ vedanāpariṇāmo vipassanāniyāmeneva hoti .
Tayopi theravādā vipassanāniyāmena vinā na hontīti daṭṭhabbaṃ .
Nanu ca vedanāpi jhānaṅgameva , tasmā tāyapi pādakajjhānaniyāmeneva bhavitabbanti ?
Taṃ na , vedanāyapi pādakajjhānaniyāmena pariṇāme sati vipassanāniyāmaṃ anapekkhitvā pādakajjhānaniyāmeneva maggakkhaṇe
M1.248 sesajhānaṅgāni pariṇāmaṭṭhāneyeva vedanāyapi pariṇāmo bhaveyya , tathā pana ahutvā ekāvajjanavīthiyā āditova pariṇāmanato maggavuṭṭhānavīthiyā āsannatarappavattāya vipassanāya vasena vedanāniyāmo hoti .Atha vā pādakajjhānasammasitajjhānānaṃ sambhave tesu anuppannā vedanā vipassanāya na hotīti pādakajjhānasammasitajjhānaniyāmena pariṇamatītipi na sakkā vattuṃ .
Ettha siyā – yattha tāva pādakajjhānaṃ atthi , tattha taṃ niyameti .
Yattha pana tikacatukkapādakajjhānaṃ natthi , tasmiṃ
V1.199 arūpabhave kiṃ niyametīti ?Tatthāpi pādakajjhānameva niyameti .
Yo hi bhikkhu aṭṭhasamāpattilābhī paṭhamajjhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā sotāpattimaggaphalāni nibbattetvā aparihīnajjhāno kālaṃ katvā arūpabhave nibbatto paṭhamajjhānikāya sotāpattiphalasamāpattiyā vuṭṭhāya vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā upari tīṇi maggaphalāni nibbatteti , tassa tāni paṭhamajjhānikāneva honti .
Dutiyajjhānikādīsupi eseva nayo .
Arūpepi hi lokuttaraṃ tikacatukkajjhānaṃ uppajjatīti evamettha ekekassa lokuttarakusalassa jhānaṅgayogabhedo veditabboti .
Maggā … pe … nipphādetīti tebhūmakakusalaṃ viya paṭisandhippavattīsu avipaccavantampi attano attano anurūpassa phalassa nipphādanena taṃtaṃphalappatte sotāpanno sakadāgāmī anāgāmī arahāti sāmaññato cattāro ariyapuggale abhinipphādetīti .
Visesato pana sattakkhattuparamatādike anekepi sotāpannādayo nipphādeti .
Lokuttarakusalavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .