Pārājikavaṇṇanā

Verañjakaṇḍo

Verañjakaṇḍavaṇṇanā

‘‘ TenaM0.30V0.28 samayena buddho bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ .

Tena kho pana samayena vesāliyā avidūre kalandagāmo nāma hotī ’’ ti vinayanidāne ārabhitabbe verañjakaṇḍassa ārambho kimatthoti ce ?

Vuccate – mūlato pabhuti vinayanidānaṃ dassetuṃ .

Yadi evaṃ ‘‘ paṭhamaṃ āvuso upāli pārājikaṃ kattha paññattanti , vesāliyan ’’ ti vacanena virujjhatīti ce ?

Na virujjhati .

Kasmā ?

Kattha paññattanti hi nidānapucchā .

Evaṃ santepi ‘‘ paṭhamassa pārājikassa kiṃnidānan ’’ ti pucchite sādhāraṇamahānidānavissajjanaṃ ayuttaṃ viyāti ?

Nāyuttaṃ , sabbesaṃ sikkhāpadānaṃ pāṭekkaṃ nidānassa puṭṭhattā tassa vissajjetabbattā ca sabbasādhāraṇamahānidānaṃ paṭhamamāha .

Ekantena pucchāvissajjanakkamena pārājikādīni saṅgahaṃ āropitāni .

Kathaṃ āropitānīti ce ?

Āyasmatā mahākassapena anukkamena sabbopi vinayo pucchito , puṭṭhena ca āyasmatā upālittherena yathāsambhavaṃ nirantaraṃ vissajjitameva .

Apucchitānipi vinītavatthuādīni yujjamānāni vatthūni antokatvā vissajjanakkameneva gaṇasajjhāyamakaṃsūti veditabbaṃ .

Aññathā verañjakaṇḍaṃ paṭhamapārājikasseva nidānanti vā anadhikārikaṃ vā nippayojanaṃ vā pāṭekkaṃ sikkhāpadanidānapucchānantaraṃ tadeva vissajjetabbanti vā āpajjati , tasmā ādito pabhuti vinayanidānaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ tena samayenā ’’ tiādi āraddhaṃ .

Idāni nidānabhaṇane payojanaṃ vakkhāma – vinayassaāṇādesanattā bhagavato tāva āṇārahabhāvadīpanaṃV0.29 , āṇābhūtassa ca vinayassa anaññavisayabhāvadīpanaṃ , āṇāya ṭhitānaṃ sāvakānaṃ mahānubhāvadīpanañcāti tividhamassa payojanaṃ .

Kathaṃ ?

Āṇāsāsanāraho hi bhagavā pahīnakilesattā , adhigataguṇavisesattā , lokajeṭṭhaseṭṭhattā , tādibhāvappattattā ca , arasarūpatādīhi aṭṭhahi akkosavatthūhi akampanato bhagavato tādibhāvappatti veditabbā , aṭṭhannampi tesaṃ akkosavatthūnaṃ attani sambhavapariyāyadīpanapāḷiyā pahīnakilesatā veditabbāM0.31 .

Catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ tissannañca vijjānaṃ adhigamaparidīpanena adhigataguṇavisesatā veditabbā .

‘‘ Nāhaṃ taṃ brāhmaṇa passāmi sadevake … pe … muddhāpi tassa vipateyyā ’’ ti ca ‘‘ jeṭṭho seṭṭho lokassā ’’ ti ca vacanena jeṭṭhaseṭṭhatā veditabbā , idañca bhagavato āṇārahabhāvadīpanappayojanaṃ .

‘‘ Āgamehi tvaṃ sāriputta , āgamehi tvaṃ sāriputta , tathāgatova tattha kālaṃ jānissatī ’’ ti vacanaṃ anaññavisayabhāvadīpanaṃ .

‘‘ Sādhāhaṃ , bhante , pathaviṃ parivatteyyan ’’ ti ca ‘‘ ekāhaṃ , bhante , pāṇiṃ abhinimminissāmī ’’ ti ca ‘‘ sādhu , bhante , sabbo bhikkhusaṅgho uttarakuruṃ piṇḍāya gaccheyyā ’’ ti ca imehi therassa tīhi sīhanādehi āṇāya ṭhitānaṃ sāvakānaṃ mahānubhāvatādīpanaṃ veditabbaṃ .

Sāvatthiyādīsu aviharitvā kimatthaṃ bhagavā verañjāyameva tadā vihāsīti ce ?

Naḷeruyakkhassa pītisañjananatthaṃ , bhikkhusaṅghassa bhikkhāvasena akilamanatthaṃ , verañjabrāhmaṇassa pasādasañjananatthaṃ , mahāmoggallānattherassa ānubhāvadīpanaṭṭhānabhūtattā , sāriputtattherassa vinayapaññattiyācanahetubhūtaparivitakkanaṭṭhānabhūtattā ca .

Tesu pacchimaṃ balavakāraṇaṃ , tena vuttaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘ tena samayenāti yena kālena āyasmato … pe … tena kālenā ’’ ti .

Purimesu catūsu asaṅgahakāraṇesu paṭhamena bhagavā mettābhāvanādinā amanussānaṃ cittasaṃrakkhaṇena bhikkhūnaṃ ādaraṃ janeti .

Dutiyena parisāvacarena bhikkhunā evaṃ parisā saṅgahetabbā , evaṃ appicchena santuṭṭhena ca bhavitabbanti vā dasseti .

Tatiyena paccaye nirapekkhena kulānuggaho kātabboti .

Catutthena evaṃ mahānubhāvenāpi paccayatthaṃ na loluppaṃ kātabbaṃ , kevalaṃ paradattupajīvinā bhavitabbanti dasseti .

‘‘ Tenātiādipāṭhassa … pe … vinayassatthavaṇṇanan ’’ ti vacanato añño tenātiādipāṭho , añño vinayo āpajjati .

‘‘ Tenātiādipāṭhamhā , ko añño vinayo idha ;

Tassatthaṃ dassayantova , kare vinayavaṇṇanan ’’ ti .

–

Ce ?

Nanu vuttaṃ pubbeva ‘‘ idañhi buddhassa bhagavato attapaccakkhavacanaṃ na hotī ’’ tiādi , tasmā upālittherena vuttassa tenātiādipāṭhassa atthaṃ nānappakārato dassayanto karissāmi vinayassaV0.30 bhagavato attapaccakkhavacanabhūtassa atthavaṇṇananti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo .

Yadi evaṃ ‘‘ tenaM0.32 samayena buddho bhagavā verañjāyaṃ viharatīti evamādivacanapaṭimaṇḍitanidānaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ kena dhāritan ’’ tiādivacanaṃ virujjhati ‘‘ tena samayenā ’’ tiādivacanassa vinayapiṭakapariyāpannabhāvadīpanatoti ce ?

Na , aññatthepi tabbohārasiddhito ‘‘ nānāvidhabhittikammapaṭimaṇḍitavasano puriso ’’ tiādīsu viya .

Vinayassādibhāvena saṅgītikārakehi anuññātattā vinayapariyāpannatāpi yujjati tassa vacanassa .

Etthāha – yathā suttante ‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti ca , abhidhamme ca ‘‘ yasmiṃ samaye ’’ ti aniyamato vuttaṃ , tathā avatvā idha ‘‘ tena samayenā ’’ ti paṭhamaṃ taṃniddesova kasmā vuttoti ?

Vuccate – tassa tassa sikkhāpadapaññattisamayassa , yassa vā sikkhāpadapaññattihetubhūtassa samayassa hetu bhagavā tattha tattha vihāsi , tassa ca samayassa atītassa tesaṃ saṅgītikārakānaṃ vasīnaṃ suviditattā .

Kathaṃ ?

‘‘ Ye te bhikkhū appicchā te ujjhāyantī ’’ tiādivacanato ,‘‘ atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesun ’’ ti ca ‘‘ atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne sannipātāpetvā ’’ ti ca ‘‘ bhikkhūnaṃ tadanucchavikaṃ tadanu … pe … dasa atthavase paṭicca saṅghasuṭṭhutāyā ’’ ti ca ‘‘ evañca pana , bhikkhave , imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddiseyyāthā ’’ ti ca khandhakesu ca ‘‘ anujānāmi , bhikkhave , tīhi saraṇagamanehi pabbajjan ’’ tiādivinayakkamassa vacanato yo so sikkhāpadapaññattisamayo , tassa tassa vinayakkamassa so paññattisamayo ca suvidito tesaṃ pañcasatānaṃ dhammadharānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ , nāyaṃ nayo suttantābhidhammesu sambhavati .

Tasmā suviditattā tena samayena hetubhūtena viharatīti viharatipadena ekasambandhattā ca paṭhamaṃ yaṃniddesādino asambhavato ca vinayapiṭake taṃniddesova paṭhamaṃ vutto .

Kathaṃ ?

Ettha ‘‘ yena kho pana samayena vesāliyā avidūre kalandagāmo nāma hotī ’’ ti vā ‘‘ yena kho pana samayena vesālī … pe … hotī ’’ ti vā asambhavato yaṃniddesena avatvā taṃniddesasseva sambhavato ‘‘ tena kho pana samayena … pe … kalandagāmo nāma hotī ’’ ti vuttanti , kevalaṃ suviditattā vā .

Aniyamaniddesavacanan ti ettha kiñcāpi yathāvuttanayena niyamaniddesavacanamevetaṃ taṃniddesattā , tathāpi sampatikālavasena taditaresaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ aviditattā ‘‘ aniyamaniddesavacanan ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘ ayañhi sabbasmimpi vinaye yuttī ’’ ti , taṃ tabbahulena vuttanti veditabbaṃ .

YadiM0.33 sabbaṃ tenāti padaṃ aniyamaniddesavacanaṃ bhaveyya , tena hi bhikkhave bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāpadanti ettha idampi pubbe siddhatthaṃ tenāti padaṃ aniyamaniddesavacanaṃ bhaveyya .

‘‘ Tena samayena buddho bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharatī ’’ tiādīsu vuttaṃ tenāti padañca aniyamaniddesavacanaṃ bhaveyya , na ca hoti , tasmā yesaṃ tena taṃniddesena niddiṭṭhattho avidito , tesaṃV0.31 vasenāha ‘‘ aniyamaniddesavacanametan ’’ ti .

Atha vā tato paṭhamaṃ tadatthādassanato pacchāpi taṃsambandhena yaṃniddesadassanato ca ‘‘ aniyamaniddesavacanametan ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Atha vā pubbaṇhādīsu ayaṃ nāmāti aniyametvā kālaparidīpanassa samayasaddassa upapadabhāvenapi evaṃ vattumarahati ‘‘ yadidaṃ aniyamaniddesavacanan ’’ ti .

Atha vā ‘‘ tenā ’’ ti vutte tena ghaṭena paṭenāti sabbatthappasaṅganivāraṇatthaṃ niyamaṃ karoti ‘‘ samayenā ’’ ti .

Kena pana samayena ?

Parabhāge atthato siddhena sāriputtassa parivitakkasamayena .

Etthāha – vitakkasamayo ce idhādhippeto ,‘‘ parato idha pana hetuattho karaṇattho ca sambhavati .

Yo hi so sikkhāpadapaññattisamayo sāriputtādīhipi dubbiññeyyo , tena samayena hetubhūtena karaṇabhūtena cā ’’ tiādivacanaṃ virujjhatīti ?

Na , bāhullena vuttattā .

Suttantābhidhammesu viya avatvā idha vinayapiṭake karaṇavacanena kasmā niddesoti hi codanā .

Tasmā tassā vissajjane bāhullena karaṇavacanappayojanaṃ vattukāmo ācariyo āha ‘‘ yo so sikkhāpadapaññattisamayo ’’ tiādi .

Na sampati vuccamānasseva karaṇavacanassa payojanaṃ vattukāmo , imassa pana hetuatthova sambhavati , na karaṇattho , tasmā āha ‘‘ aparabhāge atthato siddhenā ’’ tiādi .

Samayañcāti āgamanapaccayasamavāyaṃ tadanurūpakālañca upādāyāti attho .

Paccayasāmaggiñca āgamanakālañca labhitvā jānissāmāti adhippāyo .

Etthāha – yathā ‘‘ ekova kho , bhikkhave , khaṇo samayo cā ’’ ti ettha khaṇasamayānaṃ eko attho , tathā kālañca samayañca upādāyāti kālasamayānaṃ eko attho siyā , apica āgamanapaccayasamavāyo cettha samayo kālassāpi āgamanapaccayattā samayaggahaṇeneva so gahitoti visuṃ kālo kimatthaṃ gahitoti ca ?

Vuccate – appeva nāma svepīti kālassa paṭhamaṃ niyamitattā na samayo kālatthoM0.34 .

Tasmiṃ sveti niyamitakāle itaresaṃ āgamanapaccayānaṃ samavāyaṃ paṭicca upasaṅkameyyāma yathāniyamitakālepi pubbaṇhādippabhedaṃ yathāvuttasamavāyānurūpaṃ kālañca upādāyāti sveti paricchinnadivase pubbaṇhādikālaniyatabhāvaṃ dasseti , tasmā kālasamayānaṃ na ekatthattā kālassa visuṃ gahaṇampi sātthakanti veditabbaṃ .

Yasmā khaṇe khaṇe tvaṃ bhikkhu jāyasi ca jīyasi ca mīyasi ceti bhikkhuniyā santike abhikkhaṇaṃ gacchatīti ( pāci .198) ca khaṇe khaṇe bhāsati satthusāsananti ca khaṇasaddo anekattho , tathā samayasaddo ca , tasmā ekamekena niyamento ‘‘ ekova kho , bhikkhave , khaṇo ca samayo cā ’’ ti āha .

Khaṇasamayānaṃ attho ekattho yujjati khaṇo okāsalābho , aṭṭhakkhaṇavajjito navamo khaṇoti attho .

Attano attano ucchedādayo diṭṭhigatasaṅkhāte samaye ettha pavadantīti samayappavādako .

Sveva tindukācīrasaṅkhātāya timbarurukkhapantiyā parikkhittattāV0.32 tindukācīraṃ .

Ekasālaketi eko sālarukkho .

‘‘ Kuṭikā ’’ tipi vadanti .

Atthābhisamayāti attano hitapaṭilābhā .

Dhīroti ca paṇḍito vuccati , nāñño .

Sammā mānābhisamayāti suṭṭhu mānassa pahānena , samucchedavasena suṭṭhu mānappahānenāti attho .

Dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭhotiādīsu ‘‘ catunnaṃ saccānaṃ catūhi ākārehi paṭivedho ’’ tiādīsu khandhapañcakasaṅkhātassa dukkhassa dukkhākāratāyaṭṭho .

Saṅkhataṭṭho kāraṇuppattiattho , dukkhāya vedanāya santāpaṭṭho .

Sukhāya vedanāya vipariṇāmaṭṭho .

Pīḷanaṭṭhādikova abhisamayaṭṭhoti attho daṭṭhabbo .

Gabbhokkantisamayotiādīsupi pathavīkampanaālokapātubhāvādīhi devamanussesu pākaṭo .

Dukkarakārikasamayo pi kāḷo samaṇo gotamo na kāḷotiādinā pākaṭo .

Sattasattāhāni ca aññāni ca diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasamayo .

Accantameva taṃ samayan ti ārambhato paṭṭhāya yāva pattasanniṭṭhānā , tāva accantasampayogena tasmiṃ samaye .

Karuṇāvihārena vihāsīti karuṇākiccavihārena tasmiṃ samaye vihāsīti attho .

Taṃ samayañhi karuṇākiccasamayaṃ .

Ñāṇakiccaṃ karuṇākiccanti dve bhagavato kiccāni , abhisambodhi ñāṇakiccaṃ , mahākaruṇāsamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā veneyyasattāvalokanaṃM0.35 katvā tadanurūpakaraṇaṃ karuṇākiccaṃ .

‘‘ Sannipatitānaṃ vo , bhikkhave , dvayaṃ karaṇīyan ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.273; udā .12,28) hi vuttaṃ , taṃ bhagavāpi karotiyeva .

Atha vā āgantukehi bhikkhūhi ādisamāyogañca .

Tattha karuṇākiccaṃ vihāraṃ dassento ‘‘ karuṇāvihārena vihāsī ’’ ti āha .

Adhikaraṇañhi kālatthoti ettha hi -kāro kāraṇattho .

Tattha hi abhidhamme kālasamūhakhaṇasamavāyahetusaṅkhātavasena pañcavidho samayaṭṭho daṭṭhabbo .

Kālasamūhaṭṭho samayo kathaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ hoti ?

Adhikaraṇamuppattiṭṭhānaṃ pubbaṇhe jātoti yathā , evaṃ kālaṭṭho samayasaddo daṭṭhabbo .

Kathaṃ rāsaṭṭho ?

Yavarāsimhi jātoti yathā .

Tasmā yasmiṃ kāle puñje vā cittaṃ samuppannaṃ , tasmiṃ kāle puñje vā phassādayo uppajjantīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Adhikaraṇañhīti ettha abhidhamme niddiṭṭhaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ kālaṭṭho samūhaṭṭho ca hoti ,‘‘ yasmiṃ samaye ’’ ti vuttaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ sandhāya vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Idāni bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇañca dassento ‘‘ tattha vuttāna ’’ miccādimāha .

Tattha abhidhamme vuttānaṃ bhāvo nāma kinti ?

Uppatti vijjamānatā , sā tesaṃ tattha vuttānaṃ phassādidhammānaṃ , sā pana samayassa bhāvena bhāvo lakkhīyati ñāyati , tasmā tattha bhummavacananiddeso katoti vuttaṃ hoti .

Tattha khaṇo nāma aṭṭhakkhaṇavinimutto navamo khaṇo , tasmiṃ sati uppajjati .

Samavāyo nāmaV0.33 cakkhundriyādikāraṇasāmaggī , tasmiṃ sati uppajjati .

Hetu nāma rūpādiārammaṇaṃ .

Tasmā tasmiṃ khaṇakāraṇasamavāyahetumhi sati tesaṃ phassādīnaṃ bhāvo vijjamānatā hotīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Idha pana hetuattho karaṇattho ca sambhavatīti ettha atthadvayamekassa sambhavatīti idha vinaye vuttassa samayasaddassa kattukaraṇatthe tatiyā hetumhi ca ityuttattā .

So dubbiññeyyoti ‘‘ tathāgatova tattha kālaṃ jānissatī ’’ ti vuttattāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Tena samayenāti tassa samayassa kāraṇā ‘‘ annena vasati vijjāya vasatī ’’ ti yathā , annaṃ vā vijjaṃ vā labhāmīti tadatthaṃ vasatītyattho .

Evaṃ ‘‘ tena samayena viharatī ’’ ti vutte hetvatthe tatiyā daṭṭhabbā , tasmā sikkhāpadapaññattiyā samayañca vītikkamañca olokayamāno tattha tattha vihāsīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Tatiyapārājikādīsu ‘‘ icchāmahaṃ , bhikkhave , addhamāsaṃM0.36 , paṭisallīyitun ’’ ti ( pārā .162) evamādīsu daṭṭhabbā , tasmā dutiyā kāladdhāne accantasaṃyogeti dutiyātra sambhavati ‘‘ māsamadhīte divasamadhīte ’’ ti yathā .

Idha pana hetuattho karaṇattho ca sambhavatīti ettha yassa karaṇavacanassa hetuattho sambhavati , tena samayena hetubhūtena taṃ taṃ vatthuvītikkamasaṅkhātaṃ vītikkamasamayasaṅkhātaṃ vā sikkhāpadapaññattihetuñca apekkhamāno bhagavā tattha tattha vihāsi .

Yassa karaṇattho sambhavati , tena karaṇabhūtena samayena sampattena sikkhāpadāni paññāpayanto bhagavā tattha tattha vihāsīti adhippāyo .

Gaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘ sudinnādīnaṃ vītikkamova kāraṇaṃ nāma , tassa niyamabhūto kālo pana karaṇameva taṃ kālaṃ anatikkamitvāva sikkhāpadassa paññapetabbattā ’’ ti vuttaṃ , taṃ niddosaṃ .

Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘ idaṃ karaṇaṃ pubbabhāgattā paṭhamaṃ vattabbampi pacchā vuttan ’’ ti , taṃ duvuttaṃ .

Hetuatthato hi yathā pacchā karaṇattho yojiyamāno anukkameneva yogaṃ gacchati , tathā ca yojito .

Yaṃ pana aṭṭhakathācariyo pacchā vuttaṃ idaṃ karaṇatthaṃ paṭhamaṃ yojetvā paṭhamaṃ vuttaṃ hetuatthaṃ pacchā yojesi , taṃ yojanāsukhattāti veditabbanti ācariyena likhitaṃ .

Ito paṭṭhāya yattha yattha ‘‘ ācariyena likhitan ’’ ti vā ‘‘ ācariyassa takko ’’ ti vā vuccati , tattha tattha ācariyo nāma ānandācariyo kalasapuravāsīti gahetabbo .

Etthāha – yathā suttante ‘‘ ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā ’’ ti vuccati , tathā ‘‘ tena samayena bhagavā verañjāyan ’’ ti vattabbaṃ , atha savevacanaṃ vattukāmo thero , tathāgato sugatotiādīnipi vattabbāni , atha imasseva padadvayassa gahaṇe kiñci payojanaṃ atthi , taṃ vattabbanti ?

Vuccate – kesañci buddhassa bhagavato paramagambhīraṃ ajjhāsayakkamaṃ ajānataṃ ‘‘ apaññatte sikkhāpade anādīnavadasso … pe … abhiviññāpesī ’’ tiādikaṃ ( pārā .36)‘‘ atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ sudinnaṃ paṭipucchī ’’ tiādikañca ( pārā .39)‘‘ sādiyi tvaṃ bhikkhūti .

Nāhaṃ bhagavā sādiyin ’’ tiādikañca ( pārā .72)V0.34 tathā purāṇavohārikaṃ bhikkhuṃ pucchitvā tena vuttaparicchedena dutiyapārājikapaññāpanañca devadattassa pabbajjānujānanañcāti evamādikaṃ vinayapariyattiṃ disvā buddhasubuddhataṃ paṭicca saṅkā sambhaveyya ,‘‘ tathā kiṃ pana tuyhaṃ chavassa kheḷāsakassā ’’ tiM0.37 ( cūḷava .336) evamādikaṃ pharusavacanapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ vinayapariyattiṃ nissāya khīṇāsavattaṃ paṭicca saṅkā sambhaveyya , tadubhayasaṅkāvinodanatthaṃ āyasmatā upālittherena idameva padadvayaggahaṇaṃ sabbattha katanti veditabbaṃ .

Tenetaṃ dīpeti – kāmaṃ sabbañeyyabuddhattā buddhoyeva , bhaggasabbadosattā bhagavāva , so satthāti .

Paratopi vuttaṃ ‘‘ jānantāpi tathāgatā pucchanti … pe … anatthasaṃhite setughāto tathāgatānan ’’ ti ( pārā .16).

Suttante ca vuttaṃ ‘‘ saṇhenapi kesi vinemi pharusenapī ’’ tiādi ( a . ni .4.111).

Asādhāraṇahetumhīti ettha kusalamūlāni na akusalānaṃ kadāci mūlāni honti , tathā akusalamūlāni kusalānaṃ , abyākatamūlāni na kadāci kusalānanti ayameva nayo labbhati , yasmā kusalā hetū taṃsamuṭṭhānānaṃ rūpānaṃ hetupaccayena paccayo ( paṭṭhā .1.1.401 ādayo ), tasmā kusalāni kusalānaṃyevātiādinayo na labbhati .

Puci vuccate kuṭṭhā , te mandayati nāsayatīti pucimando .

Sattānaṃ hitasukhanipphādanādhimuttatan ti ettha sāmaññato vuttasatte dvidhā bhinditvā dassetuṃ ‘‘ manussānaṃ upakārabahulatan ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .

Bahujanahitāyāti bahuno janassa hitatthāya .

Paññāsampattiyā diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikahitūpadesako hi bhagavā .

Sukhāyāti sukhatthāya .

Cāgasampattiyā upakārakasukhasampadāyako hi esa .

Mettākaruṇāsampattiyā lokānukampāya mātāpitaro viya .

Lokassa rakkhitagopitā hi esa .

Devamanussānan ti ettha bhabbapuggale veneyyasatteyeva gahetvā tesaṃ nibbānamaggaphalādhigamāya attano uppattiṃ dasseti .

‘‘ Atthāyā ’’ ti hi vutte paramatthatthāya nibbānāya ,‘‘ hitāyā ’’ ti vutte taṃsampāpakamaggatthāyāti vuttaṃ hoti , maggato uttari hitaṃ nāma natthīti .

Sukhāyāti phalasamāpattisukhatthāya tato uttari sukhābhāvato .

Diṭṭhisīlasaṅghātenāti ettha samādhiṃ paññañca aggahetvā diṭṭhisīlamattaggahaṇaṃ sabbasekkhāsekkhasāmaññattā .

Kosambakasutte pi ( ma . ni .1.492)‘‘ sīlasāmaññagato viharati , diṭṭhisāmaññagato viharatī ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Diṭṭhiggahaṇena paññāpi gahitāti ce ?

Na , sotāpannādīnampi paññāya paripūrakāribhāvappasaṅgato , tasmā ekalakkhaṇānampi tāsaṃ paññādiṭṭhīnaṃ avatthantarabhedo atthi dhitisamādhindriyasammāsamādhīnaṃ viyaM0.38 .

Aññāsīti ettha sotadvārānusārena ñātā , atthā sutāti hi vuccanti ‘‘ sutametaṃ , bho gotama , pāpakā samācārā dissanti ceva suyyanti cā ’’ tiādīsu viya .

‘‘ Bhikkhu kho , upāliV0.35 , saṅghaṃ bhindatī ’’ tiādīsu ( cūḷava .354) viya avadhāraṇatthe vā .

Verañjāyaṃ bhavo vijjamāno .

Itthambhūtassa evaṃ bhūtassa .

Kathaṃ bhūtassa ?

Sakyaputtassa sakyakulā pabbajitassa , evaṃ hutvā ṭhitassa kittisaddo abbhuggatoti abhisaddena yoge upayogavacanāni hontīti attho .

Kāmupādānapaccayā eva mettaṃ bhāveti , brahmaloke nibbattatīti iminā kāmupādānahetu kammaṃ katvā kāmabhave eva nibbattatītivādīnaṃ vādo paṭikkhittoti vadanti ,‘‘ brahmaloke paṇītā kāmā ’’ ti sutvā , kappetvā vā pacchā ‘‘ tattha sampattiṃ anubhavissāmī ’’ ti kāmupādānapaccayā tadupagaṃ karotīti brahmalokepi kāmanīyaṭṭhena kāmā ,‘‘ tadārammaṇattā taṇhā kāmupādānanti vuttā ’’ ti ca vadanti , vīmaṃsitabbaṃ .

Kammañca cakkhussa janakakāraṇaṃ , kammassa mūlakāraṇaṃ taṇhā , tasmā na mūlakāraṇaṃ hoti janakaṃ .

Rūpataṇhādayo dukkhasaccaṃ khandhapariyāpannattā ,‘‘ yampicchaṃ na labhati , tampi dukkhan ’’ ti ( dī . ni .2.387; ma . ni .1.131; vibha .190) vacanato ca .

Tassa mūlakāraṇabhāvena samuṭṭhāpikāti tassa kāraṇabhūtassa imassa khandhapañcakassa samuṭṭhāpikāti yojetabbaṃ .

‘‘ Āsavasamudayā avijjāsamudayo ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.103) vacanato tassa eva kāraṇantipi vattuṃ vaṭṭati .

Apica ‘‘ rūpādi viya taṇhāpi taṇhāya uppattippahānaṭṭhānan ’’ ti vacanato rūpādi viya taṇhāpi dukkhasaccaṃ kataṃ .

Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘ rūpataṇhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ , etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjatī ’’ ti ( dī . ni .2.400; vibha .203) ca ‘‘ etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyatī ’’ ti ( dī . ni .2.401; ma . ni .1.134) ca .

Visuddhimagge ‘‘ sabbākārena pana upādānakkhandhapañcakaṃ dukkhañceva ariyasaccañca aññatra taṇhāyā ’’ ti vacanato idha rūpataṇhādayo dukkhasaccanti vacanaṃ virujjhatīti ce ?

Na , aññamaññāsaṅkarabhāvena dassetuṃ tattha tattha vuttattā .

Yadi taṇhā upādānakkhandhapariyāpannā na bhaveyya , saccavibhaṅge ‘‘ tattha katame saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā .

Seyyathidaṃ , rūpupādānakkhandhoM0.39 .

pe … viññāṇupādānakkhandho ’’ ti ( vibha .202) ettha ‘‘ ṭhapetvā taṇhaṃ saṅkhārupādānakkhandho ’’ ti vattabbaṃ bhaveyya , na ca vuttaṃ , tasmā dukkhasaccapariyāpannā taṇhāti ce ?

Na , hetuphalasaṅkaradosappasaṅgato .

Na saṅkaradosoti ce ?

Saccavibhaṅgapāḷiyañhi pañcahi koṭṭhāsehi samudayasaccaṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ .

Kathaṃ ?

Taṇhāti eko vāro , taṇhā ca avasesā ca kilesāti dutiyo , taṇhā ca avasesā ca kilesā avasesā ca akusalā dhammāti tatiyo , taṇhā ca avasesā ca kilesāV0.36 avasesā ca akusalā dhammā tīṇi ca kusalamūlāni sāsavānīti catuttho , taṇhā ca avasesā ca kilesā avasesā ca akusalā dhammā tīṇi ca kusalamūlāni sāsavāni avasesā ca sāsavā kusalā dhammāti pañcamo vāroti .

Āma niddiṭṭhaṃ , tathāpi abhidhammabhājaniyeyeva , na aññasmiṃ , so ca nayo ariyasaccaniddese na labbhati .

Tathā hi tattha ‘‘ cattāri saccāni ’’ ccevāha , suttantabhājaniyapañhapucchakesu viya ‘‘ cattāri ariyasaccānī ’’ ti na vuttaṃ , tasmā suttantabhājaniyova pamāṇaṃ tattha ca taṇhāya vuttattā .

Yathāha ‘‘ tattha katamaṃ dukkhasamudayaṃ ariyasaccaṃ , yāyaṃ taṇhā ponobhavikā … pe … seyyathidaṃ , kāmataṇhā ’’ tiādi ( vibha .203).

‘‘ Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhan ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .3.15) iminā pariyāyena vuttattā tattha vuttampi pamāṇameva .

‘‘ Paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati pathavīkasiṇan ’’ ti ( dha . sa .186 ādayo ) vacanato ‘‘ kasiṇānī ’’ ti jhānāni vuttāni .

Keci ‘‘ uggahanimittapaṭibhāganimitte sandhāya vuttan ’’ ti vadanti , taṃ na sundaraṃ .

‘‘ Dvattiṃsākārāpi paṇṇattiṃ vissajjetvā paṭikūlāti sati paṭṭhapetabbā ’’ ti vacanato satigocarā rūpādayo ca veditabbā .

Saddhāhirottappabāhusaccavīriyārambhopaṭṭhitasatisampajaññatāti ime satta saddhammā nāma .

Sabhāvatoti dukkhato .

Na cavatīti deve sandhāya .

Ñāteyyan ti ñātabbaṃ .

Daṭṭheyyan ti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Atha vā pana ‘‘ nāhaṃ gamanena lokassa antaṃ ñāteyyan ’’ ti vadāmīti attho .

Lokan ti khandhalokaṃ .

Gamanena na pattabboti sarīragamanena , agatigamanena vā na pattabbo , ariyagamanena lokantaṃ patvāva dukkhā atthi pamocananti vuttaṃ hoti .

Samitāvīti samitakileso .

Āhāraṭṭhitikāti paccayaṭṭhitikā .

Ye keciM0.40 paccayaṭṭhitikā , sabbe te lujjanapalujjanaṭṭhena eko lokoti adhippāyo .

Saṅkhārā hi sakasakapaccayāyattatāya sattā visattā sattā nāma .

Pariharanti paricaranti .

Disāti upayogabahuvacanaṃ .

Bhanti paṭibhanti .

Ke te ?

Teyeva virocamānā pabhassarā candimasūriyā .

Aṭṭha lokadhammā saṅkhārāva .

‘‘ Sinerussa samantato ’’ ti vacanato yugandharādayo sineruṃ parikkhipitvā parimaṇḍalākārena ṭhitāti vadanti .

Parikkhipitvā accuggato lokadhātu ayaṃ .

‘‘ Ma -kāro padasandhikaro ’’ ti vadanti .

Aññathāpi lakkhaṇādibhedato saṅkhāralokaṃ , āsayānusayabhedato sattalokaṃ , cakkavāḷādiparimāṇato okāsalokañca sabbathāpi viditattā lokavidū .

Vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ kāmāvacaraṃ parittaṃ lokiyaṃ , tena sabbaṃ lokaṃ kathaṃ abhivati ?

Asadisānubhāvattā sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ viya .

Tañhi attano visaye bhagavato sabbaññutaññāṇagatikaṃV0.37 , lahutarappavatti ca bhavaṅgacittadvayānantaraṃ uppattito .

Na kassaci evaṃlahutaraṃ cittaṃ uppajjati , api āyasmato sāriputtassa , tassa kiresa cittavāro pañcadasabhavaṅgānantaranti .

Aggisikhadhūmasikhā ca nāgā kira sīhaḷadīpe .

Atthassa dīpakaṃ padaṃ atthapadaṃ .

Ekatthadīpakaṃ padaṃ , sabbametaṃ vākyanti attho .

Aṭṭha disā nāma aṭṭha vimokkhā , samāpattiyo vā .

Satthavāho satthāti nipātito yathā pisitāso pisāco .

Udake maṇḍūko ahaṃ āsiṃ , na thale maṇḍūko , vārimattameva gocaro , tassa me tava dhammaṃ suṇantassa sīsaṃ daṇḍena sannirumbhitvāti pāṭhaseso .

Anādaratthe vā sāmivacanaṃ .

‘‘ Ettakenapi evarūpā iddhi bhavissatī ’’ ti sitaṃ katvā .

Vimokkhoti cettha maggo , tadanantarikaṃ ñāṇaṃ nāma phalañāṇaṃ , tasmiṃ khaṇe buddho nāma .

Sabbassa buddhattāti kattari .

Bodhetāti hetukattari .

Seṭṭhatthadīpakaṃ vacanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ nāma , tathā uttamaṃ .

Sacchikāpaññattīti sabbadhammānaṃ sacchikaraṇavasena sayambhutā paññatti , attanā eva vā ñātā sacchikatātipi sacchikāpaññatti .

Bhagī bhagavā cīvarapiṇḍapātādīnaṃ .

Bhajī araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni .

Bhāgī atthadhammavimuttirasassa .

Rāgādikilesagaṇa bhaggamakāsi .

Bhāvitattano bhāvitakāyo .

Bhavassa antaṃ nibbānaṃ maggādhigamena taṃ gatoti bhavantago .

‘‘ LobhaṃM0.41 , bhikkhave , ekaṃ dhammaṃ pajahathā ’’ tiādinā ( itivu .1) nayena ekakādivasenāgate gahetvā vadati .

Saṃkilesataṇhādiṭṭhiduccaritasaṃkilesavasena aniccadukkhamanattāsubhesu niccantiādi vipariyesā .

Cīvarahetu vā , bhikkhave , bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati , piṇḍapāta senāsanaitibhavābhavahetu vā ( a . ni .4.9).

Cetokhilā satthari kaṅkhati , dhamme , saṅghe , sikkhāya , sabrahmacārīsu kupitoti ( dī . ni .3.319; vibha .941) āgatā pañca .

Kāme avītarāgo hoti … pe … kāye , rūpe , yāvadatthaṃ udarāvadehakaṃ bhuñjitvā , aññataraṃ devanikāyaṃ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṃ caratīti ( dī . ni .3.320; vibha .941) āgatā pañca vinibandhā .

Vivādamūlāni kodho upanāho makkho paḷāso issā macchariyaṃ māyā sāṭheyyaṃ thambho sārambho sandiṭṭhiparāmāsitā ādhānaggāhī duppaṭinissaggitā ( a . ni .6.36; dī . ni .3.325).

Vibhaṅge pana ‘‘ kodho makkho issā sāṭheyyaṃ pāpicchatā sandiṭṭhiparāmāsitā ’’ ti ( vibha .944) āgataṃ .

Taṇhaṃ paṭicca pariyesanā , pariyesanaṃ paṭicca lābho , lābhaṃ paṭicca vinicchayo , evaṃ chandarāgo , ajjhosānaṃ , pariggaho , macchariyaṃ , ārakkho , ārakkhādhikaraṇaṃ , daṇḍādānasatthādāna … pe … akusalā dhammā sambhavantīti ( dī . ni .2.104;3.359; a . ni .9.23; vibha .963) vuttānaṃ .

Rūpasaddagandharasaphoṭṭhabbadhammataṇhāti cha , tā kāmabhavavibhavataṇhāvasenevaV0.38 aṭṭhārasa , tā eva ajjhattikassupādāya aṭṭhārasa , bāhirassupādāya aṭṭhārasāti chattiṃsa , tā atīte chattiṃsa , anāgate chattiṃsa , paccuppanne chattiṃsāti evaṃ aṭṭhasatataṇhāvicaritānīti .

Māretīti māro , pamādo ‘‘ pamādo maccuno padan ’’ ti ( dha . pa .21) vacanato .

Sammāājīvavināsanato vā kilesā vuccanti ‘‘ māro ’’ ti , vadhakūpamattā khandhāva mārā .

Abhisaṅkhārā jātidukkhābhinibbattāpanato , jātassa jarādisambhavato ca mārā .

Ekabhavapariyāpannajīvitamāraṇato maccu māro .

Aṇimatā nāma paramāṇu viya adassanūpagamanaṃ .

Laghimatā sarīrena , cittena vā sīghagamanaṃ .

Mahimatā candimasūriyādīnampipāṇinā parāmasanādi .

Patti nāma yathicchitadesappatti .

Pakāsanatā , lābhakassatthasādhanaṃ vā pākammaṃ .

Īsattaṃ nāma sayaṃvasitā .

Vasittaṃ nāma aparavasitā .

Yatthakāmāvasāyitaṃ nāma yatthicchati yadicchati yāvadicchati , tattha tāva tadatthasādhanaṃ .

PīḷanasaṅkhatasantāpavipariṇāmaṭṭhenaM0.42 vā dukkhamariyasaccan tiādimhi idaṃ codanāpubbaṅgamaṃ atthavissajjanaṃ – dukkhādīnaṃ aññepi rūpataṇhādayo atthā atthi , atha kasmā cattāro eva vuttāti ce ?

Aññasaccadassanavasena āvibhāvato .

‘‘ Tattha katamaṃ dukkheñāṇaṃ , dukkhaṃ ārabbha yā uppajjati paññā ’’ tiādināpi ( vibha .794) nayena ekekasaccārammaṇavasenāpi saccañāṇaṃ vuttaṃ .

‘‘ Yo , bhikkhave , dukkhaṃ passati , dukkhasamudayampi so passatī ’’ tiādinā ( saṃ . ni .5.1100) nayena ekaṃ saccaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā sesesu kiccanipphattivasenāpi vuttaṃ .

Tattha yadā ekekaṃ saccaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karoti , tadā samudayadassanena tāva sabhāvato pīḷana lakkhaṇassāpi dukkhassa yasmā taṃ āyūhanalakkhaṇena samudayena āyūhitaṃ saṅkhataṃ , tasmāssa so saṅkhataṭṭho āvi bhavati .

Yasmā pana maggo kilesasantāpaharo susītalo , tasmāssa maggadassanena santāpaṭṭho āvi bhavati nandassa accharādassanena sundariyā anabhirūpabhāvo viya .

Avipariṇāmadhammassa pana nirodhassa dassanena tassa vipariṇāmaṭṭho āvi bhavatīti vattabbameva natthi .

Sabhāvato āyūhana lakkhaṇassapi samudayassa dukkhadassanena nidānaṭṭho āvi bhavati asappāyabhojanato uppannabyādhidassanena bhojanassa byādhinidānabhāvo viya .

Visaṃyogabhūtassa nirodhassa dassanena saṃyogaṭṭho .

Niyyānabhūtassa ca maggassa dassanena palibodhaṭṭhoti .

Tathā nissaraṇassāpi nirodhassa avivekabhūtassa samudayassa dassanena vivekaṭṭho āvi bhavati .

Maggadassanena asaṅkhataṭṭho .

Iminā hi anamatagge saṃsāre maggo na diṭṭhapubbo , sopi ca sappaccayattā saṅkhato evāti appaccayadhammassa asaṅkhatabhāvo ativiya pākaṭo hoti .

Dukkhadassanena panassa amataṭṭho āvi bhavati .

Dukkhañhi visaṃ , amataṃ nibbānanti .

Tathā niyyāna lakkhaṇassāpiV0.39 maggassa samudayadassanena ‘‘ nāyaṃ hetu nibbānassa pattiyā , ayaṃ hetū ’’ ti hetvattho āvi bhavati .

Nirodhadassanena dassanaṭṭho paramasukhumarūpāni passato ‘‘ vippasannaṃ vata me cakkhū ’’ ti cakkhussa vippasannabhāvo viya .

Dukkhadassanena adhipateyyaṭṭho anekarogāturakapaṇajanadassanena issarajanassa uḷārabhāvo viyāti evamettha lakkhaṇavasena , ekassa aññasaccadassanavasena ca itaresaṃ tiṇṇaṃ āvibhāvatoM0.43 ekekassa cattāro atthā vuttā .

Upadhiviveko nikkilesatā .

Paṭipakkhaṃ atthayantīti paccatthikā .

Pati viruddhā amittā paccāmittā .

Sacchikatvā pavedetīti ettāvatā bhagavato sabbaññutaṃ dīpeti .

Tena ñāṇasampattiṃ dīpetvā idāni karuṇāsampattiṃ dīpetuṃ ‘‘ so dhammaṃ desesī ’’ tiādimāha .

Atha vā kiṃ so pavedesīti ?

Ñāṇaṃ , taṃ sabbaṃ tilokahitabhūtameva .

So dhammaṃ desesīti kīdisaṃ ?

‘‘ Ādikalyāṇan ’’ tiādi .

Anena vacanena vattuṃ arahabhāvaṃ dīpeti .

Sāsanadhammoti ovādapariyatti .

Kiccasuddhiyāti kilesappahānanibbānārammaṇakiccasuddhiyā .

Sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ nāma sikkhattayaṃ , navakoṭisahassānītiādikaṃ vā .

Maggameva brahmacariyaṃ maggabrahmacariyaṃ .

Tassa pakāsakaṃ piṭakattayaṃ idha sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ nāma .

Chasu atthapadesu saṅkhepato kāsanaṃ saṅkāsanaṃ .

Ādito kāsanaṃ pakāsanaṃ .

Ubhayampi vitthāretvā desanaṃ vivaraṇaṃ .

Puna vibhāgakaraṇaṃ vibhajanaṃ .

Opammādinā pākaṭakaraṇaṃ uttānīkaraṇaṃ .

Sotūnaṃ cittaparitosajananena , cittanisānena ca paññāpanaṃ veditabbaṃ .

Byañjanapadesu akkharaṇato akkharaṃ ,‘‘ ekakkharapadamakkharan ’’ ti eke .

Vibhattiantaṃ padaṃ .

Byañjayatīti byañjanaṃ , vākyaṃ .

Padasamudāyo vā vākyaṃ .

Vibhāgapakāso ākāro nāma .

Phusatīti phassotiādi nibbacanaṃ nirutti , niruttiyā niddiṭṭhassa apadeso niddeso nāma .

Phusatīti phasso , so tividho – sukhavedanīyo dukkhavedanīyo adukkhamasukhavedanīyoti .

Etesu ayaṃ yojanā – akkharehi saṅkāsayati , padehi pakāsayati , byañjanehi vivarati , ākārehi vibhajati , niruttīhi uttāniṃ karoti , niddesehi paññāpeti .

Akkharehi vā saṅkāsayitvā padehi pakāseti , byañjanehi vivaritvā ākārehi vibhajati , niruttīhi uttāniṃ katvā niddesehi paññāpeti .

Akkharehi vā ugghāṭetvā padehi vineti ugghaṭitaññuṃ , byañjanehi vivaritvā ākārehi vineti vipañcitaññuṃ , niruttīhi netvā niddesehi vineti neyyanti veditabbaṃ .

Atthoti bhāsitattho .

Tassevatthassa paṭivijjhitabbo sako sako bhāvo paṭivedho nāma .

Taṃ ubhayampi attho nāma .

Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ atthagambhīratāpaṭivedhagambhīratāhi sātthan ’’ ti .

Dhammoti vā desanāti vā byañjanameva .

Niddosabhāvena parisuddhaṃ sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ , sikkhattayapariggahitoM0.44 maggo ca , ubhayampi brahmacariyapadenaV0.40 saṅgahitaṃ .

Paṭipattiyāti paṭipattihetu .

Āgamabyattitoti punappunaṃ adhīyamānā khandhādayo pākaṭā honti .

Duruttasatthāni adhīyamānāni sammohamevāvāhanti .

2-3.

Kacci khamanīyaṃ sītuṇhādi .

Kacci yāpanīyaṃ yathāladdhehi jīvitasādhanehi jīvitaṃ .

Appābādhan ti appopasaggaṃ , appātaṅkan ti apparogaṃ .

Kacci lahuṭṭhānaṃ sarīrakicce .

Kacci balaṃ samaṇakicce .

Kacci phāsuvihāro yathāvuttanayena appābādhatāya , anukkaṇṭhanādivasena vā .

Sattasaṭṭhito paṭṭhāya pacchimavayo , uttarāmukhoti vuttaṃ hoti .

Lokavivaraṇe jāte idha kiṃ olokesi , natthettha tayā sadisopīti āha ‘‘ tvaṃ sadevakassa lokassa aggo ’’ tiādi .

Āsabhiṃ uttamaṃ .

Upapattivasena devā .

Rūpānaṃ paribhogavasena , patthanāvasena vā uppannā rāgasampayuttā somanassavedanānurūpato uppajjitvā hadayatappanato ambarasādayo viya ‘‘ rūparasā ’’ ti vuccanti .

Tathāgatassa pahīnāti adhikāravasenāha .

Tathāgatassapi hi kassaci te pahīnāti matthakacchinnatālo viya katā .

Kathaṃ ?

Rūparasādivacanena vipākadhammadhammā gahitā , te vijjamānāpi matthakasadisānaṃ taṇhāvijjānaṃ maggasatthena chinnattā āyatiṃ tālapantisadise vipākakkhandhe nibbattetuṃ asamatthā jātā .

Tasmā tālāvatthu viya katā .

‘‘ Kusalasomanassāpi ettha saṅgahitā ’’ ti vadanti .

Paṭhamamaggena pahīnā kammapathaṭṭhāniyā , dutiyena ucchinnamūlā oḷārikā , tatiyena tālāvatthukatā kāmarāgaṭṭhāniyā .

Catutthena anabhāvaṃkatā rūparāgārūparāgaṭṭhāniyā .

Aparihānadhammataṃ pana dīpento ‘‘ āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā ’’ ti āha .

Tadaṅgappahānena vā pahīnā vipassanākkhaṇe , jhānassa pubbabhāgakkhaṇe vā , vikkhambhanappahānena ucchinnamūlā jhānakkhaṇe .

‘‘ Vivicceva kāmehī ’’ ti ( pārā .11) hi vuttaṃ .

Samucchedappahānena tālāvatthukatā tatiyavijjādhigamakkhaṇe .

Itthambhūtā pana te rūparasādayo anabhāvaṃkatā āyatimanuppādadhammāti ekamevidaṃ atthapadaṃ .

Paṭhamāya vā abhinibbhidāya pahīnā , dutiyāya ucchinnamūlā , tatiyāya tālāvatthukatā .

Itthambhūtā yasmā anabhāvaṃkatā nāma honti , tasmā āyatiṃanauppādadhammāti veditabbā .

Atha vā dukkhañāṇena pahīnā , samudayañāṇena ucchinnamūlāM0.45 , nirodhañāṇena tālāvatthukatā , maggañāṇena anabhāvaṃkatā , paccavekkhaṇañāṇena āyatiṃ anuppādadhammāti veditabbā .

Lokiyamaggena vā pahīnā , dassanamaggena ucchinnamūlā , tividhena bhāvanāmaggena tālāvatthukatātiādi .

Brāhmaṇassa avisayattā dhammarasā na uddhaṭā .

11. Dhammadhātun ti ettha sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ dhammadhātu nāma .

Anukampavacanānurūpaṃ ‘‘ puṇṇacando viyā ’’ ti vuttaṃ , sūriyavacanaṃ ‘‘ suppaṭividdhattā ’’ tivacanānurūpaṃ , pathavīsamacittatāya kāraṇaṃV0.41 ‘‘ karuṇāvipphāran ’’ ti vadanti .

Paṭicchādetabbe hi attano guṇe ‘‘ āraddhaṃ kho pana me vīriyan ’’ tiādinā pakāsento attano karuṇāvipphāraṃ pakāsetīti gahetabbo .

Varabhūrimedhaso varaputhulañāṇo , bhūrīti vā bhūmi , bhūmi viya patthaṭavarapaññoti attho .

Abujjhi etthātipi adhikaraṇena rukkho bodhi .

Sayaṃ bujjhati , bujjhanti vā tena taṃsamaṅginoti maggo bodhi , evaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇampi .

Bujjhīyatīti nibbānaṃ bodhi .

Tissannaṃ vijjānaṃ upanissayavato yathāsambhavaṃ tisso vijjā veditabbā .

Ekaggatāvasena tikkhabhāvo .

Tikkhopi ekacco saro lakkhaṃ patvā kuṇṭho hoti , na tathā idaṃ .

Satindriyavasenassa kharabhāvo , saddhindriyavasena vippasannabhāvo , antarā anosakkitvā kilesapaccatthikānaṃ suṭṭhu abhibhavanato vīriyindriyavasenassa sūrabhāvo ca veditabbo .

Maggavijāyanatthaṃ gabbhaggahaṇakālo saṅkhārupekkhānantaramanulomattā .

Chandoti ca saṅkappoti ca avatthantarabhedabhinno rāgova –

‘‘ Senahātthyaṅgamupeti ,

Rattahadayo rāgena ;

Sammagate rattakāmamupeti ,

Kāmapatitaṃ lokassa mātrālamatī ’’ ti –

Ādīsu viya –

Vibhaṅgeyeva kiñcāpi attho vuttoti ettha ayamadhippāyo – vibhaṅgapāḷiṃ ānetvā idha vuttopi sabbesaṃ upakārāya na hoti , tasmā taṃ aṭṭhakathānayeneva pakāsayissāmīti .

Itoti kāmehi .

KāyavivekādīsuM0.46 upadhiviveko tatiyo , tasmā tatiyaṃ chaḍḍetvā dve gahetvā tadaṅgādīsu vikkhambhanavivekaṃ gahetvā ‘‘ tayo evā ’’ ti vuttā .

Evaṃ sati cittavikkhambhanā ekatthā evāti viseso na siyāti ce ?

Appanāvārattā na panevaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Kāyavivekaggahaṇena pubbabhāgaggahaṇaṃ ñāyati , tasmā cittavivekoti tadaṅgaviveko vutto , vikkhambhanena appanākāleti gahetabbaṃ asaṅkarato .

Atha vā cittavivekena tadaṅgavikkhambhanā gahitā , itarena vikkhambhanaviveko evātipi yuttaṃ , kilesakāmattā vā dvīsu kammesu pariyāpanno puriso viya .

Yathā avijjamānena avijjamānapaññattivasena loke ‘‘ saphalo rukkho ’’ tiV0.42 vuccati , tatheva vijjamānena vijjamānapaññattivasena sāsane ‘‘ savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ jhānan ’’ ti vuccatīti adhippāyo .

Vūpasamāti ettha kesaṃ vūpasamāti , kiṃ paṭhamajjhānikānaṃ , udāhu dutiyajjhānikānanti ?

Ettha yadi paṭhamajjhānikānaṃ , natthi tesaṃ vūpasamo .

Na hi paṭhamajjhānaṃ vitakkavicārarahitaṃ atthi .

Yadi dutiyajjhānikānaṃ , nattheva vūpasamo tattha tadabhāvāti ce ?

Tenetaṃ vuccati ‘‘ samatikkamā ’’ ti , samatikkamopi na tesaṃyeva .

Kintu sakalassapi paṭhamajjhānadhammarāsissāti ce ?

Tenetaṃ vuccati ‘‘ oḷārikassa pana samatikkamā ’’ tiādi .

Sabbepi paṭhamajjhānadhammā oḷārikāva dutiyajjhānato , na kevalaṃ vitakkavicāradvayamevāti ce ?

Na vitakkavicārāyeva tehi sampayuttānaṃ oḷārikabhāvatoti tesveva ādīnavadassanena dutiyajjhānakkhaṇe tesaṃ abhāvo hoti .

Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ dutiyajjhānakkhaṇe apātubhāvā ’’ ti , yassa dhammassānubhāvena , yogena vā idaṃ jhānaṃ ‘‘ sampasādanan ’’ ti vuccati ‘‘ ekodibhāvan ’’ ti ca , tassa dassanatthaṃ saddhāsamādhayo vibhaṅge vuttā .

Paṇītabhojanasikkhāpade ( pāci .257 ādayo ) sappiādayo viyāti vutte ayaṃ atthavaṇṇanā na virujjhati .

Samaṃ passatīti līnuddhaccaṃ pahāya khīṇāsavassa chasu dvāresu iṭṭhāniṭṭhachaḷārammaṇāpāthe parisuddhapakatibhāvāvijahanākārabhūtā upekkhā chaḷaṅgupekkhā .

Nīvaraṇādipaṭisaṅkhāsantiṭṭhanāgahaṇe majjhattabhūtā upekkhā , ayaṃ saṅkhārupekkhā nāma .

Vicinane majjhattabhūtā upekkhā vipassanupekkhā nāma .

Tattha chaḷaṅgupekkhā brahmavihārupekkhā bojjhaṅgupekkhā tatramajjhattupekkhā jhānupekkhā pārisuddhupekkhāM0.47 ca atthato ekā tatramajjhattupekkhāva , avatthābhedena bhedo nesaṃ .

Saṅkhārupekkhāvipassanupekkhānampi ekatā paññāvasena , kiccavasena pana duvidhatā veditabbā .

Chaḷaṅgupekkhā kāmāvacarā , brahmavihārupekkhā rūpāvacarātiādinā bhūmivasena .

Chaḷaṅgupekkhā khīṇāsavasseva , brahmavihārupekkhā tiṇṇampi puthujjanasekkhāsekkhānanti evaṃ puggalavasena .

Chaḷaṅgupekkhā somanassupekkhāsahagatacittasampayuttā , brahmavihārupekkhā upekkhāsahagatacittasampayuttā evāti evaṃ cittavasena .

Chaḷaṅgupekkhā chaḷārammaṇā , brahmavihārupekkhā dhammārammaṇāvāti ārammaṇavasena .

Vedanupekkhā vedanākkhandhena saṅgahitā , itarā nava saṅkhārakkhandhenāti khandhasaṅgahavasena .

Chaḷaṅgupekkhā brahmavihārabojjhaṅgajhānupekkhā pārisuddhitatramajjhattupekkhā ca atthato ekā , tasmā ekakkhaṇe ekāva siyā , na itarā , tathā saṅkhārupekkhāvipassanupekkhāpi .

Vedanāvīriyupekkhānaṃ ekakkhaṇe siyā uppattīti .

Chaḷaṅgupekkhā abyākatā , brahmavihārupekkhā kusalābyākatā , tathā sesā .

Vedanupekkhā pana siyāV0.43 akusalāpi .

Evaṃ kusalattikavasena .

Dasapetā saṅkhepena cattārova dhammā vīriyavedanātatramajjhattañāṇavasena .

‘‘ Dukkhadomanassasukhasomanassānan ’’ ti evaṃ pahānakkamena avatvā vibhaṅge vuttanayena kasmā vuttānīti ce ?

Suttānurakkhaṇatthaṃ .

Iṭṭhāniṭṭhaviparītan ti ettha ‘‘ ārammaṇavasena aggahetvā iṭṭhāniṭṭhaviparītākārena anubhavatīti gahetabban ’’ ti vadanti .

Kasmā ?

Ekaṃyeva kasiṇaṃ ārabbha sabbesaṃ pavattito .

Tatiyajjhānato paṭṭhāya upakārā hutvā āgatāti satisīsena desanā katā , vigatavalāhakādinā sommatāya rattiyā valāhakādinā kālussiye satipi divā viya anupakārikā na hoti rattiṃ , tasmā ‘‘ attano upakārakattena vā ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

‘‘ Sūriyappabhābhibhavā , rattiyā alābhāti ime dve hetū aparisuddhatāya kāraṇaṃ .

Sommabhāvena , attano upakārakattena cāti ime dve sabhāgatāya kāraṇan ’’ ti vadanti , tassā aparisuddhāya jātiyāti vuttaṃ hoti , tasmā kāraṇavacananti eke .

Jhānakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

Pubbenivāsakathāvaṇṇanā

12. CittekaggatāsabhāgattāM0.48 jhānānaṃ ‘‘ kesañci cittekaggatatthānī ’’ ti āha .

Kusalānaṃ bhavokkamanasabhāgattā ‘‘ kesañci bhavokkamanatthānī ’’ ti .

Asabhāgattā sesaṭṭhānesu ‘‘ pādakatthānī ’’ ti avatvā ‘‘ pādakānī ’’ ti āha .

Tena pādakabhūtānampi yathāsambhavaṃ cittekaggatā bhavokkamanatāvahataṃ , itaresaṃ yathāsambhavaṃ pādakatāvahatañca dīpeti .

Asabhāgattā javanavipassanāpādakāni samānāni abhiññāpādakāni ca honti , abhiññāpādakāni ca vipassanāpādakāni hontītipi dīpeti , tathā pādakābhāvaṃ dīpeti .

Abhiññāya hi catutthameva pādakaṃ , na itarāni .

Tesu catutthassa tatiyaṃ pādakaṃ , tatiyassa dutiyaṃ , dutiyassa paṭhamanti .

Atha vā ‘‘ cattāri jhānānī ’’ ti yathālābhato vuttaṃ .

Vinayanidānanimittaṃ , verañjanivāsakappanaṃ ;

Satthu yasmā tasmā bhagavā , vijjattayamāha verañje .

Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘ vinaye suppaṭipanno bhikkhu sīlasampattiṃ nissāyā ’’ tiādi ( pārā . aṭṭha .1. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā ).

Sīlavato hi sīlapaccavekkhaṇatthaṃ rattiṭṭhānadivāṭhānesu nisinnassa nisajjanato paṭṭhāya attano atītakiriyānussaraṇabahulatāya pubbenivāsānussativijjā appakasirenaV0.44 samijjhati .

Tathā attānaṃ paṭicca sattānaṃ cutipariggahaṇasīlatāya cutūpapātañāṇaṃ appakasirena samijjhati , udakādīsu sukhumatta dassanasīlatāya dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ samijjhati .

Yasmā sattavidhamethunasaṃyogaparivajjanena , kāmāsavādiparivajjanena vā brahmacariyaṃ akhaṇḍādibhāvaṃ pāpuṇāti , tasmāssa āsavakkhayañāṇaṃ appakasirena samijjhatīti ettha vinayanidāne vijjattayameva dassitaṃ , tasmā āha ‘‘ yesañca guṇānaṃ dāyakaṃ ahosi , tesaṃ ekadesaṃ dassento ’’ ti , aññathā vijjattayapaṭilābhamattappasaṅgo siyāti .

So evanti iminā kiñcāpi catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ pubbabhāgapaṭipadāpi saṅgahaṃ gacchati , na kevalaṃ purimajjhānattikameva , tathāpi kevalaṃ purimajjhānattikameva gaṇhanto ‘‘ evanti catutthajjhānakkamanidassanametaṃ , iminā paṭhamajjhānādhigamādinā kamena catutthajjhānaṃ paṭilabhitvāti vuttaṃ hotī ’’ ti āha , taṃ kasmātiM0.49 ce ?

Sambhārabhūmittā .

Vuttañhetaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ( visuddhi .2.381)‘‘ ettha ca purimāni tīṇi jhānāni yasmā pītipharaṇena ca sukhapharaṇena ca sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamitvā lahumudukammaññakāyo hutvā iddhiṃ pāpuṇāti , tasmā iminā pariyāyena iddhilābhāya saṃvattanato sambhārabhūmiyoti veditabbāni .

Catutthajjhānaṃ pana iddhilābhāya pakatibhūmi evā ’’ ti .

Idameva vā atthaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘ pubbe imāni cattāri jhānāni kesañci abhiññāpādakānī ’’ ti .

Yadi evaṃ catutthajjhānampi antokatvā evanti kimatthaṃ na vuttaṃ .

Tañhi pakatibhūmīti ce ?

Na vattabbaṃ , catutthajjhānato parassa samāhitādibhāvappattassa cittassa atthibhāvappasaṅgato .

Yasmā yasmiṃ sati ‘‘ pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmesin ’’ ti vuttaṃ , tasmā tasmiṃ catutthajjhānacitte pakatibhūmibhāvappatte abhiññāpādake jāte parikammacittaṃ ‘‘ pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya abhininnāmesin ’’ ti āha .

Abhinīhārakkhamaṃ hotīti ettha taṃ iddhividhādhigamatthāya parikammacittaṃ abhinīharati .

Kasiṇārammaṇato apanetvā iddhividhābhimukhaṃ pesesi .

Gaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘ abhiññāpādakajjhānato iddhividhañāṇādīnaṃ nīharaṇatthan ’’ ti vuttattā abhinīhārakkhamanti attho pakappito .

So evaṃ samāhite evaṃ āneñjappatteti yojanā veditabbā dutiyavikappe , nīvaraṇadūrībhāvena vitakkādisamatikkamenāti paṭhamajjhānādīnaṃ kiccasaṅgaṇhanato .

Ayaṃ yojanā paṭhamavikappe na sambhavati ‘‘ parisuddhetiādīsu panā ’’ ti vacanena ‘‘ evan ’’ ti padassa anuppabandhanivāraṇato .

Teneva ‘‘ upekkhāsatipārisuddhibhāvena parisuddhe ’’ tiādimāha .

Icchāvacarānan ti ‘‘ aho vatāhaṃ āpattiñceva āpanno assaṃ , na ca maṃ bhikkhū jāneyyun ’’ tiādināV0.45 ( ma . ni .1.60) nayena uppannaicchāvasena pavattānaṃ kopaapaccayānaṃ abhāvena anaṅgaṇeti attho .

Ettha ca pana yathāvuttappakārā icchāpi paṭhamajjhānādīnaṃ adhigamāya antarāyikā ‘‘ sampajānamusāvādo kho panāyasmanto antarāyiko dhammo ’’ ti ( mahāva .134) vuttattā , pageva icchāvacarā kopaapaccayā , tasmā vuttaṃ ‘‘ jhānapaṭilābhapaccanīkānaṃ pāpakānaṃ icchāvacarānan ’’ tiādi .

Katthaci pana ‘‘ jhānapaṭilābhapaccayānaṃ icchāvacarānan ’’ ti potthakesu pāṭho dissati , so pamādalekho , gaṇṭhipade ca ‘‘ aho vata satthā mamaññeva paṭipucchitvā dhammaṃ deseyyā ’’ tiM0.50 yo tadattho likhito , so dullikhito .

Na hi jhānapaṭilābhapaccayā kopādayo anaṅgaṇasutte ( ma . ni .1.57 ādayo ) vuttā ,‘‘ na ca yuttito sambhavanti jhānalābhino tadabhāvā ’’ ti ācariyo vadati , taṃ vīmaṃsitabbaṃ .

Ettha vijjattayassa uttaruttaravisesadassanatthaṃ ‘‘ so evaṃ samāhite citte ’’ tiādinā punappunaṃ aṭṭhaṅganidassanaṃ katanti veditabbaṃ .

Uttaruttaravisesā cebhāsaṃ attadukkhaparadukkhadassanatadupasamattadīpanato veditabbā .

Bhagavā hi pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇena attano anantasaṃsāradukkhaṃ passitvā , cutūpapātañāṇena parassa ca lokassa āsavakkhayañāṇena tadubhayavūpasamattañca passitvā taṃ deseti , paṭhamena vā attadukkhadassanato attasinehapariccāgaṃ dīpeti .

Dutiyena paradukkhadassanato paresu kopapariccāgaṃ , tatiyena ariyamaggadassanato mohapariccāgañca dīpeti .

Evaṃ nānāguṇavisesadīpanato imasseva lokiyābhiññādvayassa idha gahaṇaṃ katanti veditabbaṃ .

Yasmā atītajāti eva nivāso , tasmā ‘‘ atītajātīsū ’’ ti na vattabbanti ce ?

Na , jātiyā ekadesepi nivāsavohārasiddhidassanato .

Pāḷiyaṃ kiñcāpi ‘‘ ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo ’’ tiādivacanena sakalajātiyā anussaraṇameva pubbenivāsānussati viya dissati , na evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Tadekadesānussaraṇampi pubbenivāsānussati evāti dassanatthaṃ , bhummavacanaṃ kataṃ okāsādisaṅgahatthañca .

‘‘ Chinnavaṭumakānussaraṇādīsū ’’ ti ādi -saddena anivutthalokadhātudīparaṭṭhanagaragāmādiggahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ .

Gaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘ tesaṃ chinnavaṭumakānaṃ lokuttarasīlādīni na bhagavatā bodhisattakāle viññātānī ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Atthāpattito lokiyāni viññātānīti āpajjati , taṃ dibbacakkhuñāṇādhikāre ‘‘ ariyānaṃ upavādakā ’’ ti vacanena samentaṃ viya dissati .

Na hi ariye apassantassa evaṃ hoti .

Kimatthaṃ panettha anussati vuttā , nanu esa vijjādhikāroti ce ?

Ādikammikassa sativasena nibbattito , atītadhammānaṃ satiyā visesādhikārattā ca .

Vuttañhi ‘‘ anussarāmī ’’ ti .

‘‘ VattamānesuV0.46 vijjāna-matītesvassa sarati ;

Anāgatesu dhammesu , sarati vijjāna paṇidhī ’’ ti .

Ācariyakumāritena silokopi vutto .

TatthaM0.51 rāge ussannatare tejosaṃvaṭṭo .

Dose āposaṃvaṭṭo .

Mohe vāyosaṃvaṭṭo .

Keci ‘‘ dose tejosaṃvaṭṭo , rāge āposaṃvaṭṭo , mohe vāyosaṃvaṭṭo ’’ ti vadanti .

Yasmā amutrāti cittaṃ , vacanaṃ vā bhavādiniyamena hoti , tasmā ‘‘ bhave vā ’’ tiādi .

Evaṃnāmo evaṃgottoti padadvayena ajjhattabahiddhāmūlakaṃ paññattisaṅkhātaṃ gocaranivāsaṃ dīpeti .

Pavattaphalabhojano sayaṃpatitaphalāhāro .

Caturāsītikappasahassaparamāyupariyanto vāti paṇidhānato pubbe .

Paṭinivattantassa paccavekkhaṇaṃ pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaṃ na hoti .

‘‘ Pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇalābhīnaṃ panetaṃ ānubhāvaparidīpanan ’’ ti gaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ .

Amutrāti ettha paṭhamayojanāyaṃ sīhokkantavasena anussaraṇaṃ vuttaṃ , tañca kho anulomavasena .

‘‘ Paṭilomavasenā ’’ tipi likhanti , taṃ duviññeyyaṃ .

Sīhokkantaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ anekāsu kappakoṭīsū ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .

Yathā tan ti nidassanena paṭipattisādhāraṇena phalasādhāraṇataṃ dassento brāhmaṇassa ādaraṃ janeti , attānamevekaṃ ukkaṃsetīti vacanaṃ nivāreti .

‘‘ Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī ’’ ti tassa pubbe uppannacitte eva niyojeti .

Paṭhamā abhinibbhidāti vacanena avijjaṇḍakosassa bahupaṭalabhāvaṃ dasseti , tena aṭṭhaguṇissariyādinā anabhinibbhidaṃ dīpeti .

Pubbenivāsakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

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