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arhaငaindāsabha
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Vajirabuddhi-ṭīkā
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Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā

Author： _System_Pali_VRI_ @ Administrator

Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā

IdāniV0.5 assārambho – tattha yoti aniyamaniddeso , tena visuddhajātikulagottādīnaṃ kilesamalavisuddhiyā , pūjārahatāya vā akāraṇataṃ dassetvā yo koci imissā samantapāsādikāya ādigāthāya niddiṭṭhalokanāthattahetuṃ yathāvuttahetumūlena thirataraṃM0.5 acalaṃ katvā yathāvuttahetukālaṃ accantameva pūrento avasāne yathāvuttahetuphalaṃ sampādetvā yathāvuttahetuphalappayojanaṃ sādheti , sova paramapūjārahoti niyameti .
Ettāvatā –
Bhayasammohaduddiṭṭhi-paṇāmo nesa sabbathā ;
Paññāpubbaṅgamo eso , paṇāmoti nidassito .
Tatra hetūti atidukkarāni tiṃsapāramitāsaṅkhātāni puññakammāni .
Tāni hi accantadukkhena kasirena vacanapathātītānubhāvena mahatā ussāhena karīyantīti atidukkarāni nāma .
Atidukkarattā eva hi tesaṃ atidullabhaṃ loke anaññasādhāraṇaṃ nāthattasaṅkhātaṃ phalaṃ phalanti , taṃ tattha hetuphalaṃ ;
hetumūlaṃ nāma yathāvuttassa hetuno nipphādanasamatthā mahākaruṇā , sā ādipaṇidhānato paṭṭhāya ‘‘ mutto mocessāmī ’’ tiādinā nayena yāva hetuphalappayojanā , tāva abbocchinnaṃ pavattati .
Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –
‘‘ Sakānanā sagrivarā sasāgarā ,
Gatā vināsaṃ bahuso vasundharā ;
Yugantakāle salilānalānile ,
Na bodhisattassa mahātapā kuto ’’ ti .
Yāya samannāgatattā ‘‘ namo mahākāruṇikassa tassā ’’ ti āha .
Hetukālaṃ nāma catuaṭṭhasoḷasaasaṅkhyeyyādippabhedo kālo , yaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘ kappakoṭīhipi appameyyaṃ kālan ’’ ti .
Tattha accantasaṃyogatthe upayogavacanaṃ veditabbaṃ ‘‘ māsaṃ adhīte , divasaṃV0.6 caratī ’’ tiādīsu viya .
Kāmañca so kālo asaṅkhyeyyavasena pameyyo viññeyyo , tathāpi kappakoṭivasena aviññeyyataṃ sandhāya ‘‘ kappakoṭīhipi appameyyaṃ kālan ’’ ti āha .
Tattha kālayatīti kālo , khipati viddhaṃsayati sattānaṃ jīvitamiti attho .
Kala vikkhepe .
Tattha kappīyati saṃkappīyati sāsapapabbatādīhi upamāhi kevalaṃ saṃkappīyati , na manussadivasamāsasaṃvaccharādigaṇanāya gaṇīyatīti kappo .
Ekantiādigaṇanapathassa koṭibhūtattā koṭi , kappānaṃ koṭiyo kappakoṭiyoM0.6 .
Tāhipi na pamīyatīti appameyyo , taṃ appameyyaṃ .
Karontoti nānatthattā dhātūnaṃ dānaṃ dento , sīlaṃ rakkhanto , lobhakkhandhato nikkhamanto , attahitaparahitādibhedaṃ taṃ taṃ dhammaṃ pajānanto , vividhena vāyāmena ghaṭento vāyamanto , taṃ taṃ sattāparādhaṃ khamanto , paṭiññāsammutiparamatthasaccāni saccāyanto , taṃ taṃ sattahitaṃ adhiṭṭhahanto , sakalalokaṃ mettāyanto , mittāmittādibhedaṃ pakkhapātaṃ pahāya taṃ taṃ sattaṃ ajjhupekkhanto cāti attho .
Khedaṃ gatoti anantappabhedaṃ mahantaṃ saṃsāradukkhaṃ anubhavanaṭṭhena gato , sampattotyattho .
Saṃsāradukkhañhi sārīrikaṃ mānasikañca sukhaṃ khedayati pātayatīti ‘‘ khedo ’’ ti vuccati .
Lokahitāyāti idaṃ yathāvuttahetuphalappayojananidassanaṃ ,‘‘ saṃsāradukkhānubhavanakāraṇanidassanan ’’ tipi eke –
‘‘‘ Jātisaṃsāradukkhānaṃ , gantuṃ sakkopi nibbutiṃ ;
Ciralliṭṭhopi saṃsāre , karuṇāyeva kevalan ’ ti .
–
Ca vuttan ’’ ti , tamayuttaṃ .
Na hi bhagavā lokahitāya saṃsāradukkhamanubhavati .
Na hi kassaci dukkhānubhavanaṃ lokassa upakāraṃ āvahati .
Evaṃ panetaṃ dasseti tiṃsapāramitāpabhedaṃ hetuṃ , pāramitāphalabhūtaṃ nāthattasaṅkhātaṃ phalañca .
Yathā cāha ‘‘ mamañhi , ānanda , kalyāṇamittaṃ āgamma jātidhammā sattā jātiyā parimuccantī ’’ tiādi ( saṃ . ni .1.129;5.2).
Tattha bhagavā yathāvuttahetūhi sattānaṃ vineyyabhāvanipphādanapaññābījāni vapi , hetuphalena paripakkindriyabhāvena parinipphannavineyyabhāve satte vinayi , saṃsāradukkhato mocayīti attho .
Na evaṃ saṃsāradukkhena lokassa upakāraṃ kiñci akāsi , tasmā karonto atidukkarāni lokahitāyāti sambandho .
Imissā yojanāya sabbapaṭhamassa bodhisattassa uppattikālato paṭṭhāya bodhisattassa nāthattasaṅkhātapāramitāhetuphalādhigamo veditabbo .
Yo nāthoti hi sambandho adhippeto .
Imassa panatthassa –
‘‘ YadevaV0.7 paṭhamaṃ citta-muppannaṃ tava bodhaye ;
Tvaṃ tadevassa lokassa , pūjike parivasittha ’’.
–
Iti vacanaṃ sādhakaṃ .
Paṭhamacittassa pāramitābhāvo rukkhassa aṅkurato paṭṭhāya uppattiupamāya sādhetabbo .
Etthāha –
‘‘ khedaṃ gatoti vacanaṃ niratthakaṃM0.7 , yathāvuttanayena guṇasādhanāsambhavato ’’ ti ?
Na , antarā anivattanakabhāvadīpanato .
Dukkarāni karonto khedaṃ gato eva , na antarā khedaṃ asahanto nivattatīti dīpeti .
Lokadukkhāpanayanakāmassa vā bhagavato attano dukkhānubhavanasamatthataṃ dasseti .
‘‘ Yassa kassaci varadossaṃ , yāvāhaṃ sabbasattadukkhāni ;
Sabbāni sabbakālaṃ yugaṃ , padmasseva bujjhantomhī ’’ ti .
–
Evaṃadhippāyassa attamattadukkhānubhavanasamatthatāya kāyeva kathāti atisayaṃ atthaṃ dassetīti attho .
Atha vā khedaṃ gatoti byāpāraṃ paricayaṃ gatotipi attho sambhavati .
Kammādīsu sabyāpāraṃ purisaṃ disvā santi hi loke vattāro ‘‘ khinnoyaṃ kamme , khinnoyaṃ satte ’’ tiādi .
Imissā yojanāya nāthoti iminā buddhattādhigamasiddhaṃ koṭippattaṃ nāthabhāvaṃ patvā ṭhitakālo dassitoti veditabbo .
Keci ‘‘ mahākāruṇikassāti vadanto buddhabhūtassāti dassetī ’’ ti likhanti , taṃ na sundaraṃ viya , bodhisattakālepi tabbohārasabbhāvato .
Tasmā so ettakaṃ kālaṃ dukkarāni karonto avasāne dukkarapāramitāpāripūriyā tāsaṃ phalabhūtaṃ nāthabhāvaṃ patvā lokahitāya byāpāraṃ gatoti ayamattho nidassito hoti .
‘‘ Bodhiṃ gato ’’ ti vuttepi subyattaṃ hetuphalaṃ dassitaṃ hoti .
Buddhabhāvappattasseva ca nāthassa namo kato hoti visesavacanasabbhāvato , na bodhisattassa .
Evaṃ santepi vinayādhikāro idhādhippeto .
So ca pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya yāvamaraṇakālā hoti .
Taṃ ativiya parittaṃ kālaṃ lajjino atisukaraṃ sīlamattaṃ ekakassa attano hitāya attamattadukkhāpanayanādhippāyena paripūrento ko nāma idhalokaparalokātikkamasukhaṃ na gaccheyya , nanu bhagavā sakalalokadukkhāpanayanādhippāyena kappakoṭīhipi appameyyaṃ kālaṃ karonto atidukkaranirassādaṃ khedaṃ gatoti aññāpadesena guṇaṃ vaṇṇeti ācariyo .
Lokahitāyāti ettha lokiyati ettha dukkhanti loko , luyate vā jātijarāmaraṇadukkhehīti loko , iminā sattalokaṃ jātilokañca saṅgaṇhāti .
Tasmā tassa sattalokassaV0.8 idhalokaparalokahitaṃ atikkantaparalokānaṃ vā ucchinnalokasamudayānaṃ lokānaṃM0.8 , idha jātiloke okāsaloke vā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasaṅkhātañca hitaṃ sampiṇḍetvā lokassa , lokānaṃ , loke vā hitanti sarūpekadesekasesaṃ katvā ‘‘ lokahita ’’ miccevāha .
Nāthoti sabbasattānaṃ āsayānusayacariyādhimuttibhedānurūpadhammadesanasamatthatāya ‘‘ dhammaṃ vo , bhikkhave , desessāmi … pe … taṃ suṇāthā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.420) evaṃ yācanaṭṭhenāpi nāthateti nātho .
Bhikkhūnaṃ vītikkamānurūpaṃ sikkhāpadapaññāpanena diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikāya ca karuṇāya upagantvā tapati , suttantavasena vā tesaṃ sabbasattānaṃ anusayite kilese karuṇāya ca paññāya ca upagantvā tapati , abhidhammavasena vā te te saṅkhāre aniccādilakkhaṇavasena upaparikkhitvā attano kilese paññāya upecca paricchinditvā tapatīti tapanaṭṭhenāpi nāthateti nātho .
Sadevake loke appaṭipuggalattā kenaci appaṭihatadhammadesanattā paramacittissariyappavattito ca issariyaṭṭhenāpi nāthateti nātho .
‘‘ Dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesī ’’ ti ( mahāva .90) vacanato sampahaṃsanasaṅkhātena āsīsaṭṭhena , paṇidhānato paṭṭhāya ‘‘ kathaṃ nāmāhaṃ mutto mocayissāmī ’’ tiādinā nayena āsīsaṭṭhena vā nāthateti nāthoti veditabbo , sammāsambuddho .
Catūhipi nāthaṅgehi catuvesārajjacatupaṭisambhidādayo sabbepi buddhaguṇā yojetabbā , ativitthārikabhayā pana na yojitā .
Namoti paramatthato buddhaguṇabahumānapabbhārā cittanati , cittanatippabhavā ca vacīkāyanati .
Atthu meti pāṭhasesena sambandho .
Mahākāruṇikassāti ettha sabbasattavisayattā mahussāhappabhavattā ca mahatī karuṇā mahākaruṇā .
Tattha paṇidhānato paṭṭhāya yāvaanupādisesanibbānapurappavesā niyuttoti mahākāruṇiko , bhagavā .
Ettha ca mahākāruṇikassāti iminā yathāvuttahetumūlaṃ dasseti .
Nikkaruṇo hi paradukkhesu udāsino buddhatthāya paṇidhānamattampi atibhāriyanti maññanto appameyyaṃ kālaṃ atidukkaraṃ hetuṃ pūretvā nāthattasaṅkhātaṃ hetuphalappayojanabhūtaṃ lokahitaṃ kathaṃ karissati .
Tasmā sabbaguṇamūlabhūtattā mahākaruṇāguṇameva vaṇṇento ‘‘ namo mahākāruṇikassā ’’ ti āha .
Ettāvatā hetuanurūpaṃ phalaṃ , phalānurūpoM0.9 hetu , dvinnampi anurūpaṃ mūlaṃ , tiṇṇampi anurūpaṃ payojananti ayamattho dassito hoti .
Evaṃ acchariyapuriso , nātho nāthaguṇe ṭhito ;
Namoraho anāthassa , nāthamānassa sampadaṃ .
EtthaV0.9 siyā ‘‘ anekesu bhagavato guṇesu vijjamānesu kasmā ‘ mahākāruṇikassā ’ ti ekameva gahitan ’’ ti ?
Uccate –
Dosahīnassa satthassa , codanā tu na vijjate ;
Dosayuttamasatthañca , tasmā codanā apattakāti .
Na mayā codanā katā , kintu pucchā eva katā .
Apica –
‘‘ Phalaṃ satipi rukkheḍḍhe , na patatyavikampite ;
Codanā yā ’ tthu satthānaṃ , pucchanātyatthaphalaṃ mahatā .
‘‘ Nabhottuṃ kurute sammā , gahituṃ nāḍḍhate ghaṭaṃ ;
Akkhepe hi kate tadi-cchissāṇābuddhibandhanaṃ .
‘‘ Yathā himapado paddho , pabuddho gandhalimpiyā ;
Bhinnatthaviramassevaṃ , satthakatātthalimpiyā ’’ ti .
–
Evaṃ cekaṃ –
Sammāpi codanā taṃ khalu , guravo vivākyā vivaddha ;
Yatisissā āghaṭṭitāti-vākyenābhyadhikaṃ gopaya .
Saravatī āceraṃ kiliṭṭhā , tadicchissajitāttānaṃ ;
Jayatyattānamācero , sadassasseva sārathīti .
–
Atroccate –
Yassa hi vākyasahassaṃ , vākye vākye satañca jivhā ;
Nāmaṃ dasabalaguṇapadesaṃ , vattuṃ kappenapi na sakkā .
YathāM0.10V0.10 –
Buddhopi buddhassa bhaṇeyya vaṇṇaṃ ,
Kappampi ce aññamabhāsamāno ;
Khīyetha kappo ciradīghamantare ,
Vaṇṇo na khīyetha tathāgatassāti .( dī . ni . aṭṭha .1.304;3.141; ma . ni . aṭṭha .2.425; udā . aṭṭha .53; cariyā . aṭṭha . nidānakathā )–
Cottattā na sakkā bhagavataṃ guṇānamavasesābhidhātuṃ .
Apica –
Yathā tvaṃ sattānaṃ , dasabala tathā ñāṇakaruṇā ;
Guṇadvandaṃ seṭṭhaṃ , tava guṇagaṇā nāma tiguṇāti .
–
Sabbaguṇaseṭṭhattā mūlattā ca ekameva vuttaṃ .
Atha vā ‘‘ chasu asādhāraṇañāṇesu aññatarattā taggahaṇena sesāpi gahitāva sahacaraṇalakkhaṇenā ’’ ti ca vadanti .
Visesato panettha abhidhammassa kevalaṃ paññāvisayattā abhidhammaṭṭhakathārambhe ācariyena ‘‘ karuṇā viya sattesu , paññā yassa mahesino ’’ ti paññāguṇo vaṇṇito tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ āsayānusayacaayādhimuttibhedānurūpaparicchindanapaññāya , sattesu mahākaruṇāya ca adhikārattā .
Suttantaṭṭhakathārambhe ‘‘ karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ , paññāpajjotavihatamohataman ’’ ti bhagavato ubhopi paññākaruṇāguṇā vaṇṇitā .
Idha pana vinaye āsayādinirapekkhaṃ kevalaṃ karuṇāya pākatikasattenāpi asotabbārahaṃ suṇanto , apucchitabbārahaṃ pucchanto , avattabbārahañca vadanto sikkhāpadaṃ paññapesīti karuṇāguṇoyeveko vaṇṇitoti veditabbo .
Paññādayā attaparatthahetū ,
Tadanvayā sabbaguṇā jinassa ;
Ubho guṇā te guṇasāgarassa ,
Vuttā idhācariyavarena tasmā .
EttāvatāV0.11 aṭṭhakathādigāthā ,
Samāsato vuttapadatthasobhā ;
Ayampi vitthāranayoti cāhaṃ ,
Uddhaṃ ito te paṭisaṃkhipāmi .
DutiyagāthāyaM0.11 asambudhan ti dhammānaṃ yathāsabhāvaṃ abujjhanto .
Buddhanisevitan ti buddhānubuddhapaccekabuddhehi gocarabhāvanāsevanāhi yathārahaṃ nisevitaṃ .
Bhavā bhavan ti vattamānabhavato aññaṃ bhavaṃ gacchati upagacchati , paṭipajjatīti attho .
Atha vā bhavoti sassatadiṭṭhi .
Tassa paṭipakkhattā abhavoti ucchedadiṭṭhi .
Bhavoti vā vuddhi .
Abhavoti hāni .
Bhavoti vā duggati .
Abhavoti sugati .
‘‘ Appamāṇā dhammā , asekkhā dhammā ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . sa . tikamātikā 13,11) viya hi vuddhiatthattā akārassa .
Bhāvayatīti bhavo , jāti .
Bhavatīti vā bhavo .
Savikārā bahuvidhakhandhuppatti dīpitā .
Abhavoti vināso , jātibhāvaṃ maraṇabhāvañca gacchatīti vuttaṃ hoti .
Ettha arahantānaṃ maraṇampi khaṇikavasena gahetabbaṃ .
Bhavesu abhavo bhavābhavo , taṃ bhavābhavaṃ , bhavesu abhāvapaññattiṃ gacchatīti attho .
Jīvalokoti sattaloko , saṅkhāralokaokāsalokānaṃ bhavābhavagamanāsambhavato sattalokaṃ jīvalokoti viseseti .
Avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsinoti ettha navapi lokuttaradhammā saṅgahaṃ gacchanti .
Apacayagāmitā hi catumaggadhammassa odhiso avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃso , so assa atthi , tadārammaṇaṃ hutvā tattha sahāyabhāvūpagamanena nibbānassāpi .
Yathāha ‘‘ yo kho , āvuso , rāgakkhayo … pe … idaṃ vuccati nibbānan ’’ ti .
Arahattassāpi tathā rāgādikkhayavacanasabbhāvato .
Phalasāmaññena tiṇṇampi phalānaṃ atthīti navavidhopesa ‘‘ avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsī ’’ ti vuccati .
Atha vā sahacaraṇalakkhaṇakaāraṇatāya paṭipakkhagocaraggahaṇatā .
Anabhihitopi hi dhammassa tatrābhihitova bujjhitabbo iti vacanato kāraṇagocaraggahaṇena cattāripi phalāni gahitāni .
Narakādīsu apatamānaṃ dhāreti sugatiyaṃ uppādanenāti dhammo .
Puna sugatimhi ajananakārī akusaladhamme nivāretvā poseti pavatteti vaḍḍhetīti dhammo .
So pana kāmarūpārūpabhedato tividho accantasukhāvahanato , tatopi uttamattā dhammavaro .
Etthāha –
‘‘ catunnaṃ , bhikkhave , ariyasaccānaṃ ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritan ’ ti ( dī . ni .2.155; mahāva .287) vacanato catusaccadhammaṃ asambudhaṃ bhavā bhavaṃ gacchati jīvalokoti siddhaṃ .
Tasmā yaṃ asambudhaṃ gacchati , tassevaV0.12 ‘‘ tassā ’’ ti ante taṃniddesena niyamanato catusaccadhammopi avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsīM0.12 dhammavaroti cāpajjati .
Aññathā ‘‘ namo avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsino dhammavarassa tassā ’’ ti taṃniddesena samānavibhattikaraṇaṃ na yujjati atippasaṅganiyamanato ,‘‘ avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsino dhammavarassā ’’ ti vacanaṃ visesanavacanaṃ .
Tasmā dukkhasamudayasaccānaṃ tabbhāvappasaṅgo natthīti ce ?
Na , taṃniddesena samānavibhattiṭṭhāne avisesitattā .
Api ca maggasaccanirodhasaccesu phalānaṃ apariyāpannattā nava lokuttaradhammā saṅgahitāti vacanavirodho , phalānaṃ asaṅgahe verañjakaṇḍavaṇṇanāyaṃ na kevalaṃ ariyamaggo ceva nibbānañca , api ca ariyaphaladhammehi saddhiṃ pariyattidhammopi .
Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘ rāgavirāgamanejamasokaṃ … pe … dhammamimaṃ saraṇatthamupehī ’’ ti ( vi . va .887) vacanavirodho cāti pubbāparaviruddhā esā gāthā sāsanaviruddhā cā ’’ ti ?
Vuccate – sabbametamayuttaṃ vuttagāthatthājānanato .
Ettha hi ācariyena pavattipavattihetuvisayavibhāgo ca dassito .
Kathaṃ ?
Tattha asambudhan ti asambodho , so atthato avijjā , tāya ca taṇhupādānāni gahitāni , tayopi te dhammā samudayasaccaṃ , bhavābhavanti ettha dukkhasaccaṃ vuttaṃ .
Sugatiduggatippabhedo hi bhavo atthato pañcupādānakkhandhā honti .
‘‘ Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hotī ’’ ti ( mahāva .1) vacanato dukkhappavatti pavatti nāma , dukkhasamudayo pavattihetu nāma , avijjāsaṅkhātassa ca pavattihetussa aggahitaggahaṇena nirodhamaggasaccadvayaṃ visayo nāma .
Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘ tattha katamā avijjā ?
Dukkhe aññāṇaṃ … pe … dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya aññāṇan ’’ ti ( vibha .226).
Ettha ca nirodhasaccaṃ buddhena gocarāsevanāya āsevitaṃ , maggasaccaṃ bhāvanāsevanāya .
Ettāvatā asambudhaṃ buddhanisevitaṃ yanti upayogappatto yo visayo nirodho ca maggo ca , tassa yathāvuttāvijjādikilesajālattayaviddhaṃsino namo dhammavarassāti ayaṃ gāthāya attho .
Pariyattidhammopi kilesaviddhaṃsanassa suttantanayena upanissayapaccayattā kilesaviddhaṃsanasīlatāya ‘‘ avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsī ’’ ti vattuṃ sambhavati .
Evañhi sati rāgavirāgāti gāthattho , so dhammaṃ deseti … pe … brahmacariyaṃ pakāsetīti suttattho ca asesato gahito hoti .
AthaM0.13 vā imāya gāthāya kevalaṃ pariyattidhammova gahito hoti , yaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘ so dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ … pe … brahmacariyaṃ pakāsetī ’’ ti ( dī . ni .1.190; pārā .1), tampi asambudhaṃ buddheheva nisevitaṃ gocarāsevanāya anaññanisevitaṃ .
Yathāha ‘‘ bhagavaṃmūlakā no , bhante , dhammā bhagavaṃnettikā bhagavaṃpaṭisaraṇā … pe … bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .2.146).
TatiyagāthāyaV0.13 sīlādayo kiñcāpi lokiyalokuttarā yathāsambhavaṃ labbhanti , tathāpi ante ‘‘ ariyasaṅghan ’’ ti vacanato sīlādayo cattāro dhammakkhandhā lokuttarāva .
Ettha ca ‘‘ sīlasamādhipaññāvimuttivimuttiñāṇappabhutīhī ’’ ti vattabbe sarūpekasesaṃ katvā ‘‘ vimuttiñāṇappabhutīhī ’’ ti vuttaṃ .
Ettha ca kiñcāpi vimuttīti phaladhammāva sutte adhippetā , tathāpi ‘‘ maggā vuṭṭhahitvā maggaṃ paccavekkhati .
Pahīne kilese paccavekkhati .
Phalaṃ paccavekkhati .
Nibbānaṃ paccavekkhatī ’’ ti ( paṭṭhā .1.1.410) vacanato maggādipaccavekkhaṇañāṇaṃ vimuttiñāṇanti veditabbaṃ .
Vimutti vimokkho khayoti hi atthato ekaṃ .
‘‘ Khaye ñāṇaṃ anuppāde ñāṇanti ( dha . sa . dukamātikā 142; dī . ni .3.304) ettha khayo nāma maggo , rāgakkhayo dosakkhayoti phalanibbānānaṃ adhivacanan ’’ ti sutte āgatameva .
Pahīnakilesānaṃ khayo pākatiko khayo eva .
Pabhuti -saddena tisso vijjā cha abhiññā catasso paṭisambhidāti evamādayo guṇā saṅgahitā .
Samannāgamaṭṭhena aparihīnaṭṭhena ca yutto .
Khettaṃ janānaṃ kusalatthikānan ti ‘‘ anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā ’’ ti suttato kusalassa viruhanaṭṭhānattā , suttantanayena upanissayapaccayattā ca kāmaṃ kusalassa khettaṃ hoti saṅgho , na kusalatthikānaṃ janānaṃ .
Tasmā na yujjatīti ce ?
Na , suttatthasambhavato .
Sutte ‘‘ anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .4.341) hi vuttaṃ .
Kassa lokassa ?
Puññatthikassa khettaṃ saṅgho , puññupanissayattā puññakkhettaṃ hoti saṅgho , kusalatthikānanti ca vuccanti .
Lokepi hi devadattassa khettaṃ yaññadattassa khettaṃ sāliyavupanissayattā sālikhettaṃ yavakhettanti ca vuccati .
Ariyasaṅghan ti vigatakilesattā ariyaṃ parisuddhaṃ ariyānaṃ , ariyabhāvaṃ vā pattaṃ sīladiṭṭhisāmaññena saṅghatattā saṅghaṃ .
‘‘ Ariya-saddena sammutisaṅghaṃ nivāretī ’’ ti keci likhanti , taṃ na sundaraṃ vimuttiñāṇaguṇaggahaṇena visesitattā .
SirasātiM0.14 iminā kāmaṃ kāyanatiṃ dasseti , tathāpi uttamasaṅghe guṇagāravena uttamaṅgameva niddisanto ‘‘ sirasā namāmī ’’ tyāha .
Sirassa pana uttamatā uttamānaṃ cakkhusotindriyānaṃ nissayattā , tesaṃ uttamatā ca dassanānuttariyasavanānuttariyahetutāya veditabbā .
Etthāha – anusandhikusalo
‘‘ Upogghāto padañceva , padattho padaviggaho ;
Codanāpratyavajjānaṃ , byākhyā tantassa chabbidhā ’’ ti .
–
Evamavatvā kasmā ratanattayapaṇāmaṃ paṭhamaṃ vuttanti ?
Vuccate – satācārattā .
Ācāro kiresa sappurisānaṃ , yadidaṃ saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapūjāvidhānaṃ .
Tasmā ‘‘ satācārato bhaṭṭhā mā mayaṃ homā ’’ tiV0.14 karīyati , catugambhīrabhāvayuttañca vinayapiṭakaṃ saṃvaṇṇetukāmassa mahāsamuddaṃ ogāhantassa viya paññāveyyattiyasamannāgatassāpi mahantaṃ bhayaṃ hoti , bhayakkhayāvahañcetaṃ ratanattayaguṇānussaraṇajanitaṃ paṇāmapūjāvidhānaṃ .
Yathāha ‘‘ evaṃ buddhaṃ sarantānan ’’ tiādi ( saṃ . ni .1.249).
Apicācariyo satthupūjāvidhānena asatthari satthābhinivesassa lokassa yathābhūtaṃ satthari eva sammāsambuddhe satthusambhāvanaṃ uppādeti , asatthari satthusambhāvanaṃ pariccajāpeti ,‘‘ tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ attano dahatī ’’ ti vuttadosaṃ pariharati .
Antarāyabahulattā khandhasantatiyā vippakatāya vinayasaṃvaṇṇanāya attano āyuvaṇṇasukhabalānaṃ parikkhayasambhavāsaṅkāya ‘‘ abhivādanasīlissa … pe … āyu vaṇṇo sukhaṃ balan ’’ ti ( dha . pa .109) vuttānisaṃse yāva saṃvaṇṇanāpariyosānā pattheti .
Api cettha buddhassa bhagavato paṇāmapūjāvidhānaṃ sammāsambuddhabhāvādhigamatthaṃ buddhayānaṃ paṭipajjantānaṃ ussāhaṃ janeti .
Lokiyalokuttarabhedassa , lokuttarasseva vā saddhammassa pūjāvidhānaṃ paccekabuddhabhāvādhigamatthaṃ paccekabuddhayānaṃ paṭipajjantānaṃ ussāhaṃ janeti .
Saddhammapaṭivedhamattābhilāsino hi te .
Paramatthasaṅghapūjāvidhānaṃ paramatthasaṅghabhāvādhigamatthaṃ sāvakayānaṃ paṭipajjantānaṃ ussāhaṃ janeti , maṅgalādīni vā sātthāni anantarāyāni ciraṭṭhitikāni bahumatāni ca bhavantīti evaṃladdhikānaṃ cittaparitosanatthaṃ ‘‘ pūjā ca pūjaneyyānan ’’ ti bhagavatā pasatthamaṅgalaṃ karoti .
Vuccate ca –
‘‘ MaṅgalaṃM0.15 bhagavā buddho , dhammo saṅgho ca maṅgalaṃ ;
Maṅgalādīni sātthāni , sīghaṃ sijjhanti sabbaso .
‘‘ Satthu pūjāvidhānena , evamādī bahū guṇe ;
Labhatīti vijānanto , satthupūjāparo siyā ’’ ti .
Ettha ca satthupadhānattā dhammasaṅghānaṃ pūjāvidhānaṃ satthupūjāvidhānamicceva daṭṭhabbaṃ sāsanato lokato ca .
Tenetaṃ vuccati –
‘‘ Satthā ’’ ti dhammo sugatena vutto ;
Nibbānakāle yamato sa satthā ;
Suvatthigāthāsu ‘‘ tathāgato ’’ ti ;
Saṅgho ca vutto yamato sa satthā .
KiñcaV0.15 bhiyyo –
Dhammakāyo yato satthā , dhammo satthā tato mato ;
Dhammaṭṭhito so saṅgho ca , satthusaṅkhyaṃ nigacchati .
Santi hi loke vattāro kosagataṃ asiṃ gahetvā ṭhitaṃ purisaṃ visuṃ aparāmasitvā ‘‘ asiṃ gahetvā ṭhito eso ’’ ti .
Tenevāha cāriyamātraccevā –
‘‘ Namatthu buddharatnāya , dhammaratnāya te namo ;
Namatthu saṅgharatnāya , tiratnasamavānayī ’’ ti .
Apica sabbadhammesu appaṭihatañāṇanimittānuttaravimokkhapātubhāvābhisaṅkhātaṃ khandhasantānamupādāya ‘‘ buddho ’’ ti yadi paññāpiyati , dhammo paṇāmārahoti kā eva kathā , saṅgho ca ‘‘ saṅghe gotami dehi , saṅghe te dinne ahañceva pūjito bhavissāmi saṅgho cā ’’ ti vuttattā bhājananti dīpeti .
Atha vā ‘‘ buddhasubodhito dhammo ācariyaparamparāya suvaṇṇabhājane pakkhittatelamiva aparihāpetvā yāvajjatanā ābhatattā eva mādisānampi sotadvāramanuppatto ’’ ti saṅghassa ācariyo atīva ādarena paṇāmaṃ karoti ‘‘ sirasā namāmī ’’ ti .
EvaṃM0.16 anekavidhaṃ paṇāmappayojanaṃ vadanti , ācariyena pana adhippetappayojanaṃ attanā eva vuttaṃ ‘‘ iccevamaccantanamassaneyyan ’’ tiādinā catutthagāthāya .
Iccevan ti ettha iti -saddo ratanattayapūjāvidhānaparisamattattho .
Yadi evaṃ yathāvihitamattameva pūjāvidhānaṃ arahati ratanattayaṃ , na tato uddhanti āpajjatīti aniṭṭhappasaṅganivāraṇatthaṃ ‘‘ evamaccantanamassaneyyan ’’ ti āha .
Tattha evanti iminā yathāvuttavidhiṃ dasseti .
Yathāvuttena vidhinā , aññena vā tādisena accantameva muhuttamapi aṭṭhatvā abhikkhaṇaṃ nirantaraṃ niyamena namassanārahaṃ namassamānassa hitamahapphalakaraṇatoti attho .
Evaṃvidhaṃ dullabhaṭṭhena mahapphalaṭṭhena ca siddhaṃ ratanabhāvaṃ ratanattayaṃ namassamāno yaṃ puññābhisandaṃ alatthaṃ alabhiṃ .
Akusalamalaṃ tadaṅgādippahānena punātīti puññaṃ .
Kilesadarathappaṭippassaddhiyā sītalattā cittaṃ abhisandetīti abhisando .
Puññañca taṃ abhisando cāti puññābhisando , taṃ puññābhisandaṃ .
Gaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘ puññamahattaṃn ’’ ti bhaṇanti ,‘‘ vipulan ’’ ti vacanato so attho na yujjatīti ācariyo .
Atha vā puññānaṃ abhisando puññābhisandoV0.16 , taṃ puññābhisandaṃ .
Sanda savaneti dhātu .
Tasmā puññasotaṃ puññussayanti attho yujjati , taṃ pana vipulaṃ , na parittanti dassitaṃ vipula -saddena .
Pañcamagāthā yasmiṃ vinayapiṭake pāḷito ca atthato ca anūnaṃ lajjīpuggalesu pavattanaṭṭhena ṭhite sakalaṃ tividhampi sāsanaṃ tesveva puggalesu patiṭṭhitaṃ hoti .
Kassa sāsananti ce ?
Aṭṭhitassa bhagavato .
Bhagavā hi ṭhitihetubhūtāya ucchedadiṭṭhiyā abhāvena aṭṭhitoti vuccati .
Ucchedadiṭṭhiko hi paraloke nirapekkho kevalaṃ kāmasukhallikānuyogamanuyuñjanto tiṭṭhati , na paralokahitāni puññāni kattuṃ byāvaṭo hoti , sassatadiṭṭhiko tāni kattuṃ āyūhati .
Bhagavā pana tathā atiṭṭhanto anāyūhanto majjhimaṃ paṭipadaṃ paṭipajjanto sayañca oghaṃ tari , pare ca tāresi .
Yathāha ‘‘ appatiṭṭhaṃ khvāhaṃ , āvuso , anāyūhaṃ oghamatarin ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .1.1).
Catubrahmavihāravasena sattesu suṭṭhu sammā ca ṭhitassāti atthavasena vā susaṇṭhitassa .
Susaṇṭhitattā hesa kevalaṃ sattānaṃ dukkhaṃ apanetukāmo hitaṃ upasaṃharitukāmo sampattiyā ca pamodito apakkhapatito ca hutvā vinayaṃ deseti , tasmā imasmiṃM0.17 vinayasaṃvaṇṇanādhikāre sāruppāya thutiyā thomento āha ‘‘ susaṇṭhitassā ’’ ti .
Gaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘ manāpiye ca kho , bhikkhave , kammavipāke paccupaṭṭhite ’’ ti ( dī . ni . aṭṭha .2.35; ma . ni . aṭṭha .2.386) suttassa ,‘‘ susaṇṭhānā surūpatā ’’ ti ( khu . pā .8.11) suttassa ca vasena susaṇṭhitassāti attho vutto , so adhippetādhikārānurūpo na hoti .
Amissan ti kiṃ vinayaṃ amissaṃ , udāhu pubbācariyānubhāvanti ?
Nobhayampi .
Amissā eva hi vinayaṭṭhakathā .
Tasmā bhāvanapuṃsakavasena amissaṃ taṃ vaṇṇayissanti sambandho .
Pubbācariyānubhāvan ti aṭṭhakathā ‘‘ yasmā pure aṭṭhakathā akaṃsū ’’ ti vacanato tesaṃ ānubhāvo nāma hoti .
Kiñci apubbaṃ disvā santi hi loke vattāro ‘‘ kassesa ānubhāvo ’’ ti .
Atha vā bhagavato adhippāyaṃ anugantvā taṃtaṃpāṭhe atthaṃ bhāvayati vibhāvayati , tassa tassa vā atthassa bhāvanā vibhāvanāti ānubhāvo vuccati aṭṭhakathā .
Pubbācariyānubhāve sati kiṃ puna taṃ vaṇṇayissanti iminā ārambhenāti tato vuccanti chaṭṭhasattamaṭṭhamanavamagāthāyo .
Tattha ariyamaggañāṇambunā niddhotamalattā visuddhavijjehi , teneva niddhotāsavattā visuddhapaṭisambhidehi , visuddhapaṭisambhidattā ca saddhammasaṃvaṇṇanakovidehīti yojanā veditabbā .
Keci ‘‘ pubbācariyāti vutte lokācariyāpi , sāsane rāhulācariyādayopi saṅgayhanti , te apanetuṃ kāmañcātiādi vuttan ’’ ti vadanti .
‘‘ Taṃ vaṇṇayissan ’’ ti vuttattā pubbaṭṭhakathāya ūnabhāvo dassitoti ce ?
Na , cittehi nayehi saṃvaṇṇitotiV0.17 dassetuṃ ‘‘ kāmañcā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .
Saddhammaṃ saṃvaṇṇetuṃ kovidehi , tāya saṃvaṇṇanāya vā kovidehi saddhammasaṃvaṇṇanakovidehi .
Sallekhiyeti kilesajātaṃ bāhullaṃ vā sallikhati tanuṃ karotīti sallekho , sallekhassa bhāvo sallekhiyaṃ , tasmiṃ sallekhiye .
Nosulabhūpamehīti asulabhūpamehi .
Mahāvihārassāti mahāvihāravaṃsassa .
Paññāya accuggataṭṭhena dhajo upamā etesanti dhajūpamā , tehi dhajūpamehi .
Sambuddhavaraṃ anuayehi anugatehi sambuddhavaranvayehi , buddhādhippāyānugehīti adhippāyo .
Idha vara-saddo ‘‘ sāmaṃ saccāni buddhattā sambuddho ’’ ti vacanato paccekabuddhāpi saṅgayhanti .
Tasmā te apanetuṃ vutto .
AṭṭhakathāyaM0.18 ūnabhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni attano karaṇavisesaṃ tassa payojanañca dassetuṃ ‘‘ saṃvaṇṇanā ’’ tiādimāha .
Na kiñci atthaṃ abhisambhuṇātīti kiñci payojanaṃ phalaṃ hitaṃ na sādhetīti attho ‘‘ na taṃ tassa bhikkhuno kiñci atthaṃ anubhotī ’’ tiādīsu ( pārā .538) viya .
Ajjhesanaṃ buddhasirivhayassāti iminā yasmā sahampatibrahmunā ajjhiṭṭhena dhammo desito bhagavatā , sāriputtassa ajjhesanaṃ nissāya vinayo paññatto , tasmā ayampi ācariyo taṃ ācariyavattaṃ pūjento imaṃ saṃvaṇṇanaṃ buddhasirittherassa yācanaṃ nissāya akāsīti dasseti .
Samanussarantoti tassābhāvaṃ dīpeti ādarañca .
Tato paraṃ dve gāthāyo kattabbavidhidassanatthaṃ vuttā .
Tena tāsu aṭṭhakathāsu vuttavinicchayapaccayavimatiṃ vinodeti , ekaṭṭhakathāya kusalassa vā ‘‘ ayaṃ nayo aṭṭhakathāyaṃ natthī ’’ ti paṭikkhepaṃ nivāreti , ayuttatthapariccāgena tattha abhiniviṭṭhānaṃ abhinivesaṃ pariccajāpeti , theravādadassanena vinayavinicchayaṃ pati vinayadharānaṃ kāraṇopapattito uhāpohakkamaṃ dasseti , ayuttattheravādapaṭikkhepena puggalappamāṇataṃ paṭikkhipatīti ime cānisaṃsā kattabbavidhidassanena dassitā honti .
Saṃvaṇṇanaṃ tañca samārabhanto tassā saṃvaṇṇanāya mahāaṭṭhakathaṃ sarīraṃ katvā samārabhissaṃ , mahāpaccariyampi yo vutto vinicchayo , tatheva kurundīnāmādīsu loke vissutāsu aṭṭhakathāsu ca yo vutto vinicchayo , tatopi vinicchayato mahāaṭṭhakathānayena , vinayayuttiyā vā yuttamatthaṃ tassa sarīrassa alaṅkāraṃ viya gaṇhanto samārabhissaṃ .
Kiṃ saṃvaṇṇanameva , na aññanti dassanatthaṃ puna saṃvaṇṇanāggahaṇaṃ .
Atha vā antogadhattheravādaṃ saṃvaṇṇanaṃ katvā samārabhissanti yojanā veditabbā .
Theravādā hi bahiaṭṭhakathāya vicaranti .
Ettha ādi -saddena cūḷapaccariandhakaariyaṭṭhakathāpannavārādayopi saṅgahitāV0.18 .
Tattha paccarī nāma sīhaḷabhāsāya uḷumpaṃ kira , tasmiṃ nisīditvā katattā tameva nāmaṃ jātaṃ .
Kurundīvallivihāro nāma atthi , tattha katattā kurundī nāma jātā .
Samma samārabhissan ti kattabbavidhānaṃ sajjetvā ahaṃ ṭhito , tasmā taṃ me nisāmentūti gāthāya taṃ saṃvaṇṇanaṃ me mama , mayā vā vuccamānanti pāṭhasesoM0.19 .
Nisāmentu passantu paññācakkhunā suṇantu vā saddhāvīriyapītipāmojjābhisaṅkhārena saṅkharitvā pūjayantā sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ .
Kassa dhammaṃ ?
Dhammappadīpassa tathāgatassa .
Kiṃ dasseti ?
Padīpaṭṭhāniyo hi dhammo hitāhitappakāsanato , padīpadharaṭṭhāniyo dhammadharo tathāgato , tasmā parinibbutepi tasmiṃ tathāgate tattha sokaṃ akatvā sakkacca dhammaṃ paṭimānayantā nisāmentūti dasseti .
Atha vā ‘‘ dhammakāyā tathāgatā ’’ ti ( dī . ni .3.118) vacanato dhammo ca so padīpo cāti dhammappadīpo , bhagavā .
Yo dhammavinayo yathā buddhena vutto , so tatheva buddhaputtehi sāvakehi ñāto avabuddho , yehi tesaṃ buddhaputtānaṃ matiṃ adhippāyaṃ accajantā niravasesaṃ gaṇhantā .
Pureti purā , porāṇattherā vā .
Aṭṭhakathāti aṭṭhakathāyo , upayogabahuvacanaṃ .
Yaṃ atthajātaṃ aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ , taṃ sabbampi pamādalekhakānaṃ pamādalekhamattaṃ vajjayitvā .
Kiṃ sabbesampi pamāṇaṃ ?
Na , kintu sikkhāsu sagāravānaṃ idha vinayamhi paṇḍitānaṃ , mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana saccepi alikepi dukkaṭameva vuttaṃ , taṃ pamādalekhanti veditabbaṃ .
Pamādalekhaṃ vajjayitvā pamāṇaṃ hessatīti sambandho .
Tato cāti aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaatthajātato tantikkamaṃ pāḷikkamaṃ .
Suttantā suttāvayavā .
Antoti hidaṃ abbhantarāvayavasambhāvanādīsu dissati .
Suttantesu bhavā suttantikā , tesaṃ suttantikānaṃ , suttantaganthesu āgatavacanānanti attho .
Atha vā amīyatīti anto , sādhīyatīti adhippāyo .
Kena sādhīyati ?
Suttena , suttassa anto suttanto , ko so ?
So so atthavikappo , tasmiṃ suttante niyuttāni vacanāni suttantikāni .
Tesaṃ suttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthaṃ .
Tassa tassa āgamasuttassa abhidhammavinayasuttassa cānurūpaṃ paridīpayantī , ayaṃ tāvettha samāsato atthavibhāvanā –
‘‘ itipi so bhagavā ’’ tiādīnaṃ ( saṃ . ni .2.41;5.479; a . ni .6.10; pārā .1) suttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthaṃ āgamasuttantānurūpaṃ .
‘‘ Vivādādhikaraṇaṃ siyāM0.20 kusalaṃ siyā akusalaṃ siyā abyākatan ’’ ti ( cūḷava .220) evamādīnaṃV0.19 abhidhammasuttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthaṃ abhidhammasuttantānurūpanti evamādi .
Hessatīti bhavissati , karīyissatīti adhippāyo .
Vaṇṇanāpīti ettha api -saddo sampiṇḍanattho , so tasmāti padena yojetabbo .
Kathaṃ ?
Paṇḍitānaṃ pamāṇattāpi vitthāramaggassa samāsitattāpi vinicchayassa asesitattāpi tantikkamassa avokkamitattāpi suttantikavacanānaṃ suttantaṭṭhakathānurūpaṃ dīpanatopi tasmāpi sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti .
Ettha ‘‘ tantikkamaṃ avokkamitvā ’’ ti vacanena siddhepi ‘‘ aṭṭhakathācariyā verañjakaṇḍādīsu ‘ suttantikānaṃ bhāro ’ ti gatā , mayaṃ pana vatvāva gamissāmā ’’ ti dassetuṃ ‘‘ suttantikānan ’’ ti vuttaṃ kira .
Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .