Catumahāpadesavaṇṇanā
187. Mahāokāseti mahante okāse .
Mahantāni dhammassa patiṭṭhāpanaṭṭhānāni .
Yesu patiṭṭhāpito dhammo nicchīyati asandehato , kāni pana tāni ?
Āgamanavisiṭṭhāni suttotaraṇādīni .
Dutiyavikappe apadisantīti apadesā ,‘‘ sammukhā metaṃ āvuso bhagavato sutan ’’ tiādinā kenaci ābhatassa ‘‘ dhammo ’’ ti vinicchinane kāraṇaṃ .
Kiṃ pana tanti ?
Tassa yathābhatassa suttotaraṇādi eva .
Yadi evaṃ kathaṃ cattāroti ?
Yasmā dhammassa dve samparāyā satthā , sāvakā ca , tesu ca sāvakā saṅghagaṇapuggalavasena tividhā
P2.212 , evaṃ ‘‘ tumhākaṃ mayā yaṃ dhammo paṭiggahito ’’ ti apadisitabbānaṃ bhedena cattāro .
Tenāha ‘‘ sammukhā me taṃ āvuso bhagavato sutan ’’ tiādi .
Tathā ca vuttaṃ nettiyaṃ ‘‘ cattāro mahāpadesā buddhāpadeso saṅghāpadeso sambahulattherāpadeso ekattherāpadeso .
Ime cattāro mahāpadesā ’’ ti ( netti .18) buddho apadeso etassāti buddhāpadeso .
Esa nayo sesesupi .
Tenāha ‘‘ buddhādayo … pe … mahākāraṇānī ’’ ti . 188. Neva
V2.148 abhinanditabban ti na sampaṭicchitabbaṃ .
Ganthassa sampaṭicchanaṃ nāma savananti āha ‘‘ na sotabban ’’ ti .Padabyañjanānīti padāni ca byañjanāni ca , atthapadāni , byañjanapadāni cāti attho .
Pajjati attho etehīti padāni , akkharādīni byañjanapadāni .
Pajjitabbato padāni , saṅkāsanādīni atthapadāni .
Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘‘‘ padasaṅkhātāni byañjanānī ’ ti byañjanapadāneva vuttānī ’’ ti keci , taṃ na , atthaṃ byañjentīti byañjanāni , byañjanapadāni , tehi byañjitabbato byañjanāni , atthapadānīti ubhayasaṅgahato .
Imasmiṃ ṭhāneti tenābhatasuttassa imasmiṃ padese .
Pāḷi vuttāti kevalo pāḷidhammo pavatto .
Attho vuttoti pāḷiyā attho pavatto niddiṭṭho .
Anusandhi kathitoti yathāraddhadesanāya , upari desanāya ca anusandhānaṃ kathitaṃ sambandho kathito
M2.166 .
Pubbāparaṃ kathitan ti pubbenāparaṃ avirujjhanañceva visesādhānañca kathitaṃ pakāsitaṃ .
Evaṃ pāḷidhammādīni sammadeva sallakkhetvā gahaṇaṃ sādhukaṃ uggahaṇanti āha ‘‘ suṭṭhu gahetvā ’’ ti .Sutte otāretabbānīti
P2.213 ñāṇena sutte ogāhetvā tāretabbāni , taṃ pana ogāhetvā taraṇaṃ tattha otaraṇaṃ anuppavesanaṃ hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘ sutte otāretabbānī ’’ ti .Saṃsandetvā dassanaṃ sandassanan ti āha ‘‘ vinaye saṃsandetabbānī ’’ ti .
Kiṃ pana taṃ suttaṃ , ko vā vinayoti vicāraṇāya ācariyānaṃ matibhedamukhena tamatthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ ettha cā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .
Vinayoti vibhaṅgapāṭhamāha .
So hi mātikāsaññitassa suttassa atthasūcanato ‘‘ suttan ’’ ti vattabbataṃ arahati .
Vividhanayattā , visiṭṭhanayattā ca vinayo , khandhakapāṭho .
Evan ti evaṃ suttavinayesu pariggayhamānesu vinayapiṭakampi na pariyādīyati parivārapāḷiyā asaṅgahitattā .
Suttantābhidhammapiṭakāni vā suttaṃ atthasūcanādiatthasambhavato .
Evampīti ‘‘ suttantābhidhammapiṭakāni suttaṃ , vinayapiṭakaṃ vinayo ’’ ti evaṃ suttavinayavibhāge vuccamānepi .
Na tāva pariyādīyantīti na tāva anavasesato pariggayhanti , kasmāti āha ‘‘ asuttanāmakañhī ’’ tiādi .
Yasmā ‘‘ suttan ’’ ti imaṃ nāmaṃ anāropetvā saṅgītampi jātakādibuddhavacanaṃ atthi , tasmā vuttanayena tīṇi piṭakāni na pariyādiṇṇānīti .
Suttanipātaudānaitivuttakādīni dīghanikāyādayo viya suttanāmaṃ āropetvā asaṅgītānīti adhippāye panettha jātakādīhi saddhiṃ tānipi gahitāni .
Buddhavaṃsacariyāpiṭakānaṃ panettha aggahaṇe kāraṇaṃ maggitabbaṃ , kiṃ vā tena magganena ?
Sabbopāyaṃ vaṇṇanānayo theravādaṃ dassanamukhena paṭikkhitto evāti .
Atthīti kiṃ atthi , asuttanāmakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ natthi evāti dasseti .
Tathā hi nidānavaṇṇanāyaṃ
V2.149 ( dī . ni . ṭī .1. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā ; sārattha . ṭī .1. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā ) amhehi vuttaṃP2.214 ‘‘ suttanti sāmaññavidhi , visesavidhayo pare ’’ ti .
Taṃ sabbaṃ paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘ suttanti vinayo ’’ tiādinā vuttaṃ saṃvaṇṇanānayaṃ ‘‘ nāyamattho idhādhippeto ’’ ti paṭisodhetvā .Vineti etena kileseti vinayo , kilesavinayanūpāyo , so eva ca naṃ karotīti kāraṇan ti āha ‘‘ vinayo pana kāraṇan ’’ ti .
Dhammeti
M2.167 pariyattidhamme .
Sarāgāyāti sarāgabhāvāya kāmarāgabhavarāgaparibrūhanāya .
Saññogāyāti bhavasaṃyojanāya .
Ācayāyāti vaṭṭassa vaḍḍhanatthāya .
Mahicchatāyāti mahicchabhāvāya .
Asantuṭṭhiyāti asantuṭṭhibhāvāya .
Saṅgaṇikāyāti kilesasaṅgaṇagaṇasaṅgaṇavihārāya .
Kosajjāyāti kusītabhāvāya .
Dubbharatāyāti dupposatāya .Virāgāyāti sakalavaṭṭato virajjanatthāya .
Visaññogāyāti kāmabhavādīhi visaṃyujjanatthāya .
Apacayāyāti sabbassāpi vaṭṭassa apacayanāya , nibbānāyāti attho .
Appicchatāyāti paccayappicchatādivasena sabbaso icchāpagamāya .
Santuṭṭhiyāti dvādasavidhasantuṭṭhibhāvāya .
Pavivekāyāti pavivittabhāvāya , kāyavivekāditadaṅgavivekādivivekasiddhiyā .
Vīriyārambhāyāti kāyikassa ceva , cetasikassa ca vīriyassa paggahaṇatthāya .
Subharatāyāti sukhaposanatthāya .
Evaṃ yo pariyattidhammo uggahaṇadhāraṇaparipucchāmanasikāravasena yoniso paṭipajjantassa sarāgādibhāvaparivajjanassa kāraṇaṃ hutvā virāgādibhāvāya saṃvattati , ekaṃsato eso dhammo .
Eso vinayo , sammadeva
P2.215 apāyādīsu apatanavasena dhāraṇato , kilesānaṃ vinayanato , satthu sammāsambuddhassa ovādānusiṭṭhibhāvato etaṃ satthusāsananti dhāreyyāsi jāneyyāsi , avabujjheyyāsīti attho .Catusaccassa sūcanaṃ suttanti āha ‘‘ sutteti tepiṭake buddhavacane ’’ ti .
Tepiṭakañhi buddhavacanaṃ saccavinimuttaṃ natthi .
Rāgādivinayanakāraṇaṃ tathāgatena suttapadena pakāsitanti āha ‘‘ vinayeti etasmiṃ rāgādivinayakāraṇe ’’ ti .
Sutte osaraṇañcettha tepiṭake buddhavacane pariyāpannatāvaseneva veditabbaṃ , na aññathāti āha ‘‘ suttapaṭipāṭiyā katthaci anāgantvā ’’ ti .
Challiṃ uṭṭhapetvāti arogassa mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato upakkamena challiyā sakalikāya , papaṭikāya vā uṭṭhapanaṃ viya arogassa sāsanadhammassa tiṭṭhato byañjanamattena tappariyāpannaṃ viya hutvā challisadisaṃ pubbāparaviruddhatādidosaṃ uṭṭhapetvā paridīpetvā , tādisāni pana ekaṃsato guḷhavessantarādipariyāpannāni hontīti āha ‘‘ guḷhavessantara … pe … paññāyantīti attho ’’ ti
V2.150 .Rāgādivinayeti rāgādīnaṃ vinayanatthe .
Tadākāratāya na paññāyamānāni na dissamānāni chaḍḍetabbāni vajjitabbāni na gahetabbāni .
Sabbatthāti sabbavāresu .
Imasmiṃ
M2.168 pana ṭhāneti imasmiṃ mahāpadesaniddesaṭṭhāne .‘‘ Sutte cattāro mahāpadesā ’’ tiādinā vuttampi avuttena saddhiṃ gahetvā pakiṇṇakakathāya mātikaṃ uddisati .
Ñātuṃ
P2.216 icchito attho pañho , tassa vissajjanāni pañhābyākaraṇāni , atthasūcanādiatthena suttaṃ , pāḷi , taṃ suttaṃ anulometi anukūletīti suttānulomaṃ , mahāpadeso .
Ācariyā vadanti saṃvaṇṇenti pāḷiṃ etenāti ācariyavādo aṭṭhakathā .
Tassa tassa therassa attano eva mati adhippāyoti attanomati .Dhammavinicchaye patteti dhamme vinicchinitabbe upaṭṭhite .
Imeti anantaraṃ vuttā cattāro mahāpadesā .
Pamīyati dhammo paricchijjati vinicchīyati etenāti pamāṇaṃ .
Tenāha ‘‘ yaṃ ettha sametī ’’ tiādi .
Itaran ti mahāpadesesu asamentaṃ .
Puna itaran ti akappiyaṃ anulomentaṃ kappiyaṃ paṭibāhantaṃ sandhāyāha .
Ekaṃseneva byākātabbo vissajjetabboti ekaṃsabyākaraṇīyo .
Vibhajjāti pucchitamatthaṃ avadhāraṇādibhedena vibhajitvā .
Paṭipucchāti pucchantaṃ puggalaṃ paṭipucchitvā .
Ṭhapanīyoti tidhāpi avissajjanīyattā ṭhapanīyo byākaraṇaṃ akatvā ṭhapetabbo .
‘‘ Cakkhuṃ aniccan ’’ ti pañhe uttarapadāvadhāraṇaṃ sandhāya ‘‘ ekaṃseneva byākātabban ’’ ti vuttaṃ niccatāya lesassāpi tattha abhāvato .
Purimapadāvadhāraṇe pana vibhajjabyākaraṇīyatā cakkhusotesu visesatthasāmaññatthānaṃ asādhāraṇabhāvato .
Dvinnaṃ tesaṃ sadisatācodanā paṭipucchanamukheneva byākaraṇīyā paṭikkhepavasena , anuññātavasena ca vissajjitabbatoti āha ‘‘ yathā cakkhu , tathā sotaṃ … pe … ayaṃ paṭipucchābyākaraṇīyo pañho ’’ ti .
Taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīran ti jīvasarīrānaṃ anaññatāpañho .
Yassa yena anaññatācoditā , so eva paramatthato
P2.217 nupalabbhatīti vañjhātanayassa matteyyatākittanasadisoti abyākātabbatāya ṭhapanīyo vuttoti .Imāni cattāri pañhabyākaraṇāni pamāṇaṃ teneva nayena tesaṃ pañhānaṃ byākātabbato .
Vinayamahāpadeso kappiyānulomavidhānato nippariyāyato anulomakappiyaṃ nāma , mahāpadesabhāvena pana taṃsadisatāya suttantamahāpadesesupi ‘‘ anulomakappiyan ’’ ti ayaṃ aṭṭhakathāvohāro .
Yadipi tattha tattha bhagavatā pavattitapakiṇṇakadesanāva aṭṭhakathā , sā pana dhammasaṅgāhakehi paṭhamaṃ tīṇi piṭakāni saṅgāyitvā tassa atthavaṇṇanānurūpeneva
M2.169 vācanāmaggaṃ āropitattā ‘‘ ācariyavādo ’’ ti vuccati ācariyā vadanti saṃvaṇṇenti pāḷiṃ etenāti .
TenāhaV2.151 ‘‘ ācariyavādo nāma aṭṭhakathā ’’ ti .
Tisso saṅgītiyo āruḷho eva ca buddhavacanassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanābhūto kathāmaggo mahindattherena tambapaṇṇidīpaṃ ābhato pacchā tambapaṇṇiyehi mahātherehi sīhaḷabhāsāya ṭhapito nikāyantaraladdhisaṅkarapariharaṇatthaṃ .Attanomati nāma theravādo .
Nayaggāhenāti suttādito labbhamānanayaggahaṇena .
Anubuddhiyāti suttādīniyeva anugatabuddhiyā .
Attano paṭibhānan ti attano eva tassa atthassa vuttanayena upaṭṭhānaṃ , yathāupaṭṭhitā atthā eva tathā vuttā .
Samentameva gahetabban ti yathā suttena saṃsandati , evaṃ mahāpadesato atthā uddharitabbāti dasseti .
Pamādapāṭhavasena ācariyavādassa kadāci pāḷiyā asaṃsandanāpi siyā , so na gahetabboti dassento āha ‘‘ ācariyavādopi suttena samentoyeva gahetabbo ’’ ti .
Sabbadubbalā puggalassa sayaṃ paṭibhānabhāvato .
Tathā ca sāpi gahetabbā , kīdisī ?
Suttena samentā yevāti yojanā .
Tāsūti tīsu saṅgītīsu .
‘‘ Āgatameva pamāṇan ’’ ti iminā mahākassapādīhi saṅgītameva ‘‘ suttan ’’ ti idhādhippetanti tadaññassa
P2.218 suttabhāvameva paṭikkhipati .
Tadatthā eva hi tisso saṅgītiyo .Tatthāti gārayhasutte .
Na ceva sutte osaranti , na ca vinaye sandissantīti veditabbāni tassa asuttabhāvato tena ‘‘ anulomakappiyaṃ suttena samentameva gahetabban ’’ ti vuttaṃ evatthaṃ nigamanavasena nidasseti .
Sabbattha ‘‘ na itaran ’’ ti vacanaṃ tattha tattha gahitāvadhāraṇaphaladassanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ .