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miuthi-မိုးထိ
မြန်မာဘာသာ
(SN) Sagāthāvagga-aṭṭhakathā
(SN) Sagāthāvagga-aṭṭhakathā

Paṭhamavaggo

Author： _System_commentary_ @ Administrator

1. Paṭhamavaggo

1. Paṭhamakassapasuttavaṇṇanā

82. DevassaV1.125M1.142 putto devaputto . Devānaṃ janakajanetabbasambandhābhāvato kathamayaṃ devaputtoti vuccatīti āha ‘‘ devānaṃ hī ’’ tiādi . ‘‘ Apākaṭo aññataroti vuccatī ’’ ti idaṃ yebhuyyavasena vuttaṃ . Pākaṭopi hi katthaci ‘‘ aññataro ’’ ti vuccati . Heṭṭhā devatāsaṃyutte ‘‘ apākaṭā aññatarā devatā ’’ ti vatvā idha ‘‘ pākaṭo devaputto ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Tathā hissa kassapoti gottanāmaṃ gahitaṃ , tañca kho purimajātisiddhasamaññāvasena .
Anusāsanaṃ anusāso , taṃ anusāsaṃ .
Bhikkhuniddesan ti bhikkhusaddassa niddesaṃ .
Bhikkhuovādan ti bhikkhubhāvāvahaṃ ovādaṃ . Yadi pana na assosi , kathamayaṃ pañhaṃ kathesīti ? Aññato sutaṃ nissāya pañhaṃ kathesi , na pana bhagavato sammukhā sutabhāvena .
Tesan ti yathāvuttānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ . ‘‘ Kathetukāmo cevā ’’ tiādinā hi catutthaṃ idha uddhaṭaṃ . Tattha ādito tiṇṇaṃ bhagavā pañhaṃ bhāraṃ na karoti ekekaṅgavekallato ceva aṅgadvayavekallato ca , catutthassa pana ubhayaṅgapāripūrattā bhāraṃ karotīti āha ‘‘ ayaṃ panā ’’ tiādi .
Gāthāyaṃ ‘‘ subhāsitassā ’’ ti upayogatthe sāmivacananti āha ‘‘ subhāsitaṃ sikkheyyā ’’ ti . Catusaccādinissitaṃ buddhavacanaṃ sikkhanto catubbidhaṃ vacīsucaritaṃ sikkhati nāmāti āha ‘‘ catusaccanissitaṃ … pe … sikkheyyā ’’ ti . Avadhāraṇena tappaṭipakkhaṃ paṭinivatteti .
Upāsitabban ti āsevitabbaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ bahulīkātabbaṃ . Aṭṭhatiṃsabhedaṃ kammaṭṭhānan ti idaṃ tassa vipassanāpadaṭṭhānataṃ hadaye ṭhapetvā vuttaṃ . Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘ dutiyapadena adhipaññāsikkhā kathitā ’’ ti . Ye pana ‘‘ dutiyapadena adhicittasikkhā cittavūpasamena adhipaññāsikkhā ’’ tiV1.126 paṭhanti , tesaṃ padena aṭṭhatiṃsappabhedakammaṭṭhānaṃ suddhasamathakammaṭṭhānasseva gahaṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ . Yadi evaṃ ‘‘ aṭṭhasamāpattivasenā ’’ ti idaṃ kathanti ? ‘‘ Taṃ vipassanādhiṭṭhānānaṃ samāpattīnaṃ vasenaM1.143 kathitan ’’ ti vadanti . Evañca katvā ‘‘ dutiyapadena adhipaññāsikkhā ’’ ti idaṃ vacanaṃ samatthitaṃ hoti . Sikkhanaṃ nāma āsevananti āha ‘‘ bhāveyyāti attho ’’ ti .
Upāsanan ti payirupāsanaṃ . Tañca kho assutapariyāpuṇanakammaṭṭhānuggahādivasena dassento ‘‘ tampī ’’ tiādimāha .
Adhisīlasikkhā kathitā lakkhaṇahāranayena . Vacīsucaritassa hi sīlasabhāvattā taggahaṇeneva tadekalakkhaṇaṃ kāyasucaritampi itarampi gahitamevāti . Ettha ca adhisīlasikkhāya cittaviveko , adhipaññāsikkhāya upadhiviveko , adhicittasikkhāya kāyaviveko kathito , kāyaviveko pana sarūpeneva pāḷiyaṃ gahitoti tividhassapi vivekassa pakāsitattaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ .
Sesaṃ suviññeyyameva .
Paṭhamakassapasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

2. Dutiyakassapasuttavaṇṇanā

83. Dvīhi jhānehīti ārammaṇalakkhaṇūpanijjhānalakkhaṇehi dvīhi jhānehi .
Kammaṭṭhānavimuttiyāti kammaṭṭhānānuyogaladdhāya vimuttiyā . Tena tadaṅgavikkhambhanavimuttiyo vadati .
Satthusāsanassa hadayattā abbhantarattā hadayassa mānasassa , anupattiṃ paṭilābhamānasaṃ . Taṃ pana atthato aññā evāti āha ‘‘ arahattan ’’ ti .
Taṃ pattukāmena ekantato vajjetabbataṇhādiṭṭhīnaṃ bhāve tassa anijjhanato , tadabhāve ijjhanato ca te uppādanavasena yadaggena nissito , tadaggena panāyampi tehi nissito nāma hotīti āha ‘‘ anissito ’’ tiādi .
Arahattaṃ ānisaṃsitabbaṭṭhena ānisaṃsaṃ etassāti arahattānisaṃso .
Arahattaṃ pattukāmassa pubbabhāgapaṭipadā icchitabbā .
Tattha ca sabbapaṭhamo kammaṭṭhānaattānuyogo , so idha na gahitoti āha ‘‘ tantidhammo pubbabhāgo ’’ ti . Tattha tantidhammoti pariyattidhammo .
Dutiyakassapasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

3. Maghasuttavaṇṇanā

84. MaghotiM1.144 sakkassetaṃ nāmaṃ purimajātianugataṃ .
Svevāti sakko eva . Vatenāti mātāpituupaṭṭhānādicārittadhammenaV1.127 . Aññeti upadhivepakkapāpadhamme abhibhavitvā . Asuran ti indasattubhūtaṃ asuraṃ .
Maghasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā . 4. Māgadhasuttavaṇṇanā
85. Catutthasuttaṃ vuttatthamevāti devatāsaṃyutte saṃvaṇṇitatthameva , tasmā idha na vattabbo atthoti adhippāyo .

Māgadhasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā 5. Dāmalisuttavaṇṇanā

86. Tena kāraṇenāti tena padhānena kāraṇabhūtena , padhānakaraṇanimittanti attho . Yaṃ kiñci khuddakampi mahantampi hīnampi paṇītampi bhavaṃ .
Āyatapaggahoti dīgharattassa vīriyārambho . Kiccavosānan ti kiccaniṭṭhānaṃ . Tathevāti yathā arahattuppattito pubbe , tato pacchāpi tatheva ‘‘ buddhipaggaho ’’ ti vīriyaṃ daḷhaṃ karotūti kuppadhammaṃ viya maññamāno vadati . Diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārādiatthaṃ pana vīriyakaraṇaṃ icchitabbameva .
Asaṃkiṇṇāti avomissā evaṃ aññattha anāgatattā . Tenāha ‘‘ bhagavatā hī ’’ tiādi . Yadi evaṃ idheva kasmā etaṃ vuttanti āha ‘‘ idha panā ’’ tiādi .
Patiṭṭhan ti nadī nāma anavaṭṭhitatīrā , tattha patiṭṭhātabbaṭṭhānaṃ .
Dāmalisuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

6. Kāmadasuttavaṇṇanā

87. PubbayogāvacarotiM1.145 pubbe yogāvacaro purimattabhāve bhāvanamanuyutto . Ayaṃ kira kassapassa bhagavato sāsane pabbajitvāva bahūni vassasahassāni samaṇadhammaṃ akāsi , na pana visesaṃ nibbattesi . Tamatthaṃ kāraṇena saddhiṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ bahalakilesatāyā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .
Ekantaparisuddhassāti yathā visesāvaho hotiV1.128 , evaṃ ekantena parisuddhassa sabbaso anupakkiliṭṭhassa .
Sīlena samāhitāti yathā sīlaṃ uparūpari visesāvahaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyañca hoti , evaṃ sammadeva āhitacittā suṭṭhu sampannacittā . Tathābhūtā tena samannāgatā hontīti āha ‘‘ samupetā ’’ ti .
Patiṭṭhitasabhāvāti sekkhattā eva yathādhigatadhammena niccalabhāvena adhiṭṭhitasabhāvā .
Mayā tuṭṭhiyā gahitāya devaputto ‘‘ dullabhā tuṭṭhī ’’ ti vakkhatīti bhagavā ‘‘ tuṭṭhi hoti sukhāvahā ’’ ti avocāti āha ‘‘ upari pañhasamuṭṭhāpanatthan ’’ ti .
Pabbajito rukkhamūliko abbhokāsiko vā anagāriyupeto nāma hoti , senāsane pana vasanto kathanti āha ‘‘ sattabhūmike ’’ tiādi .
Catupaccayasantosoti bhāvanābhiyogasiddho catūsu paccayesu santoso . Tena cittavūpasamena tuṭṭhi laddhāti dasseti .
Cittavūpasamabhāvanāyāti cittakilesānaṃ vūpasamakarabhāvanāya , manacchaṭṭhānaṃ indriyānaṃ nibbisevanabhāvakaraṇena savisesaṃ cittassa vūpasamakarabhāvanāya rato manoti yojanā .
Ettha ca indriyūpasamena cittasamādhānaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ hoti indriyabhāvanāya cittasamādhānassa akārakānaṃ dūrīkaraṇato . Adhicittasamādhānena catupaccayasantoso savisesaṃ parisuddho paripuṇṇo ca hoti paccayānaṃ alābhalābhesu pariccāgasabhāvato . Vuttanayena pana santuṭṭhassa yathāsamādinnaṃ sīlaṃ visujjhati pāripūriñca upagacchati , tathābhūto catusaccakammaṭṭhāne yutto maggapaṭipāṭiyā sabbaso kilese samucchindanto nibbānadiṭṭho hotīti imamatthaṃ dasseti ‘‘ ye rattindivan ’’ tiādinā .
Kiṃ na gacchissanti ? Gamissantevāti ariyamaggabhāvanaṃ pahāya sammāpaṭipattiyā dukkarabhāvaṃ sandhāya sāsaṅkaṃ vadati . Tenāha ‘‘ ayaṃ pana duggamo bhagavā visamo maggo ’’ ti .
TatthaM1.146 keci ‘‘ ayaṃ panāti devaputto . So hi bhagavato ‘ ariyā gacchantī ’ ti vacanaṃ sutvā ‘ duggamo bhagavā ’ tiādimāhā ’’ ti vadanti , taṃ na yujjati . Yasmā ‘‘ saccametan ’’ ti evamādipi tasseva vevacanaṃ katvā dassitaṃ , tasmā ‘‘ yena maggena ariyā gacchantī ’’ ti tumhehi vuttaṃ , ayaṃ pana ‘‘ duggamo bhagavā visamo maggo ’’ ti āha devaputto . Ariyamaggo kāmaṃ kadāci atidukkhā paṭipadātipi vuccati , tañca kho pubbabhāgapaṭipadāvasena , ayaṃ pana atīva sugamo sabbakilesaduggavivajjanato kāyaduccaritādivisamassa rāgādivisamassa ca dūrīkaraṇato na visamo .
Tenāha ‘‘ pubbabhāgapaṭipadāyā ’’ tiādi . Assāti ariyamaggassa . Ariyamaggassa hi adhisīlasikkhādīnaṃ paribundhitabbabhāgena bahū parissayā hontīti .
Evaṃ vuttoti ‘‘ duggamo visamo ’’ ti ca evaṃ vutto .
Avaṃsirāti anuṭṭhahanena adhobhūtauttamaṅgā . Kusalaṅgesu hi sammādiṭṭhi uttamaṅgā sabbaseṭṭhattāV1.129 , tañca anariyā patanti na uṭṭhahanti micchāpaṭipajjanato . Tenāha ‘‘ ñāṇasirenā ’’ tiādi .
Anariyamaggeti micchāmagge . Tenāha ‘‘ visame magge ’’ ti . Taṃ magganato anariyā ariyānaṃ maggato apāpuṇanena pariccattā hutvā apāye sakalavaṭṭadukkhe ca patanti .
Svevāti svāyaṃ anariyehi kadācipi gantuṃ asakkuṇeyyo maggo ariyānaṃ visuddhasattānaṃ sabbaso samadhigamena samo hoti .
Kāyavisamādīhi samannāgatattā visame sattakāye tesaṃ sabbasova pahānena sabbattha samāyeva .
Kāmadasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

7. Pañcālacaṇḍasuttavaṇṇanā

88. Sambādheti sampīḷitataṇhākilesādinā sauppīḷatāya paramasambādhe . Ativiya saṅkāraṭṭhānabhūto hi nīvaraṇasambādho adhippeto . So hi duggahano tasmiṃ asati kāmaguṇasambādho anavasaro eva seyyathāpi mahākassapādīnaṃ .
Okāsanti jhānassetaṃ nāmaṃ nīvaraṇasambādhābhāvato . Asambādhabhāvena hi jhānaṃ idha ‘‘ okāso ’’ ti vuttaṃ , tañca kho accantāsambādhaṭṭhānatāya vipassanāpādakatāyaM1.147 . Tathā hi pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘ avindī ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .
Tattha avindīti vindi paṭilabhi . Bhūrimedhasoti mahāpañño , sapaññoti attho . Abujjhīti bujjhi paṭivijjhi .
Paṭilīno hutvā seṭṭho , paṭilīnānaṃ vā seṭṭhoti paṭilīnaseṭṭho . Mānussayavasena unnatabhāvato paṭilīno nāma pahīnamāno .
Paṭilabhiṃsūti kāmaguṇasambādhepi ‘‘ ime kāmaguṇā mādisānaṃ kiṃ karissantī ’’ ti ? Te abhibhuyya nibbānappattiyā sammāsatiṃ paṭilabhiṃsu . Tena sampayuttena lokuttarasamādhināpi suṭṭhu samāhitā .
Ayaṃ kira devaputto ito purimavāre attabhāve paṭhamajjhānalābhī hutvā tato cavitvā brahmakāyikāsu nibbattitvā tattha jhānasukhaṃ anubhavitvā tato cuto idāni kāmabhave nibbatto , tasmā taṃ jhānaṃ sambhāvento ‘‘ tādisassa nāma jhānasukhassa lābhī bhagavā ’’ ti tena guṇena bhagavantaṃ abhitthavanto ‘‘ sambādhe vatā ’’ ti gāthaṃ abhāsi .
Athassa bhagavā yathā nāma aṭṭhasaṭṭhiyojanasatasahassubbedhasinerupabbatarājaṃ upādāya sāsapo na kiñci hoti , evaṃ anantāparimeyyabuddhaguṇe upādāya rūpāvacarapaṭhamajjhānaṃ na kiñci hotīti dassento ‘‘ ye satin ’’ tiādinā anuttaraguṇādhigamaṃ pavedesi .
Tattha satin ti vipassanāsatiyā saddhiṃ ariyamaggasatiṃ . Susamāhitāti lokiyasamādhinā ceva lokuttarasamādhinā ca suṭṭhu samāhitā . TeV1.130 hi accantaṃ susamāhitā , na jhānamattalābhino akuppadhammattā . Keci ‘‘ kammante susamāhitā ’’ ti pāṭhaṃ vatvā ‘‘ maggasamāhitā ’’ ti atthaṃ vadanti .
Pañcālacaṇḍasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .
8. Tāyanasuttavaṇṇanā
89. Atītajātiyaṃ sayaṃkāravasena tāya diṭṭhiyā uppāditattā pubbe titthakaro . Tenāha ‘‘ diṭṭhi uppādetvā ’’ ti . Apare āhu ‘‘ ayaṃ me satthāti gahaṇavasena titthakaro assa atthīti pubbe titthakaro , atītattabhāve titthakarasāvako ’’ ti . Te ‘‘ diṭṭhiṃ uppādetvātiM1.148 tassa satthuno diṭṭhiṃ ādāya gahetvāti attho ’’ ti vadanti .
Titthaṃ nāma dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhiyo tabbinimuttassa micchāvādassa abhāvato . Titthe niyuttāti titthikā , te eva titthiyāti vuttā ka-kārassa ya-kāraṃ katvā .
Tassāti yathāvuttassa kalyāṇakammassa .
Nissandenāti phalabhāvena .
Vīriyappaṭisaṃyuttāti vīriyadīpanāti attho .
Aniyamitaāṇattīti aniyamavidhānaṃ aniyamavasena vidhivacanaṃ .
Taṇhāsotan ti taṇhāppabandhanaṃ .
Nīharāti samehi pajaha .
Ekattan ti ekaggaṃ . Tenāha ‘‘ jhānan ’’ ti .
Upapajjatīti na uppajjati na pāpuṇātīti āha ‘‘ na paṭilabhatī ’’ ti .
Na osakkeyyāti na saṅkocaṃ āpajjeyya .
Gharāvāsato paribbajanaṃ parito apagamoti paribbajo . Pabbajitavatasamādānassa adaḷhatāya ca tattha ca asakkaccakiriyāya sithilagahitā .
Atirekan ti pabbajjāya purimakālatopi adhikaṃ . Uparīti uparūpari .
Dukkaṭaṃ akatameva seyyoti duccaritaṃ nāma sabbena sabbaṃ akatameva hitāvahaṃ .
Yaṃ kiñcīti yaṃ kiñci kammaṃ . Sithilaṃ katan ti asakkaccakāritāya sithilaṃ katvā pavattitaṃ . Evarūpamevāti evarūpaṃ parāmaṭṭhasāmaññasadisameva pacchānutāpacariyādipaṭibhāgato .
Saṃkiliṭṭhameva taṇhāsaṃkilesaupakkiliṭṭhattā .
Āsaṅkitaparisaṅkitan tiādito samantatopi parehi saṅkitaṃ .
Brahmacariyassa ādi ādibrahmacariyaṃ , tattha niyuttāti ādibrahmacariyikā , maggabrahmacariyassa pubbabhāgapaṭipadāti attho . Tenāha ‘‘ maggabrahmacariyassa ādibhūtā ’’ ti . Pubbapadhānabhūtāti paṭhamārambhabhūtā .
Tāyanasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

9. Candimasuttavaṇṇanā

90. VimāneV1.131 gahite taṃnivāsīpi gahito hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘ candavimānavāsī devaputto ’’ ti .
Sabbadhīti sabbasmā duggaṭṭhānā vippamuttosi bhagavā tvaṃ , tasmā mayhampi ito sambādhaṭṭhānato vippamokkhaṃ karohīti adhippāyo . Tenāha ‘‘ tassa me saraṇaṃ bhavā ’’ ti .
Lokānukampakāti sabbassaM1.149 lokassa anuggahā , tasmā tuyhampi etassapi candassa . Tādisā evāti samānā eva .
Pamuñcasīti pamuñcittha . Tenāha ‘‘ atītatthe vattamānavacanan ’’ ti .
Candimasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

10. Sūriyasuttavaṇṇanā

91. Andhabhāvakaraṇeti lokassa andhakaraṇetipi apare . Tenāha ‘‘ tamasī ’’ ti .
Virocatīti vijjotati .
Kāmaṃ devaputtavasena paṭhamaṃ devatā uddhaṭā , rāhuno pana payogo tassa vimāneti āha ‘‘ maṇḍalīti maṇḍalasaṇṭhāno ’’ ti .
Vadati tadā mukhena gahitattā . Mukhena gahaṇañcettha ‘‘ gilī ’’ ti adhippetaṃ , na ca ajjhoharaṇanti āha ‘‘ gilīti vadatī ’’ ti .
Idāni tassa mukhena gahaṇasamatthataṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ rāhussa hī ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .
Sotiādi tassa candimasūriyānaṃ gahaṇakāraṇadassanaṃ .
Adhivatthā devatāti candimasūriyānaṃ paricārakadevatā .
Vegan ti javaṃ . So hi kenaci abhimukhaṃ atidunnivāro kammaniyāmasiddho .
Matthakan ti kaṇṭhassa uparimadesaṃ . Keci ‘‘ sīsamatthakamevā ’’ ti vadanti .
Nikkhameyya vegassa tikkhasīghathāmabhāvato . Ākaḍḍhitvāti attano gamanadisābhimukhaṃ ākaḍḍhitvā . Nan ti rāhuṃ . Uddhaṃ ullaṅghetukāmampi onameyya . Padadvayenapi so mahāsarīro mahābalo , candimasūriyānaṃ pana gamanavego tena sabbathāpi dunnivāriyovāti dasseti .
Vimānenāti candaggahe candavimānena , sūriyaggahe sūriyavimānena ubhinnampi vimānena saheva . Amāvāsiyañhi dve vimānāni yojanamattantaritāni hutvā saheva pavattanti .
Yadi dvepi devaputtā sotāpattiphalaṃ pattā , atha kasmā sūriyasutte eva ‘‘ pajaṃ maman ’’ ti vuttaṃ , na candasutteti ? ‘‘ So ca kira na cirasseva tato cavitvā aññattha nibbatto , aññā eva ca devatā tattha vasi , yasmiṃ candaggahe bhagavā taṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi , na tathā sūriyo , aparabhāge pana tatthapi kālena kālaṃ rāhuggaho hotī ’’ ti vadanti .
Sūriyasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā . Paṭhamavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .
2. Anāthapiṇḍikavaggo