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(SN) Sagāthāvagga-aṭṭhakathā
(SN) Sagāthāvagga-aṭṭhakathā

Daharasuttavaṇṇanā

Author: _System_commentary_ @ Administrator

1. Daharasuttavaṇṇanā

112. BhagavatāV1.148M1.169 saddhiṃ sammodīti bhagavato guṇe ajānanto kosalarājā attano khattiyamānena kevalaṃ bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi . Paṭhamāgate hi satthari tassa sammoditākāraṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ yathā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ . Yathā khamanīyādīni pucchantoti yathā bhagavā ‘‘ kacci te , mahārāja , khamanīyaṃ , kacci yāpanīyan ’’ tiādinā tena raññā saddhiṃ paṭhamaṃ pavattamodo ahosi pubbabhāsitāya , tadanukaraṇena evaṃ sopi rājā bhagavatā saddhiṃ samappavattamodo ahosīti yojanā . Taṃ pana samappavattamodanaṃ upamāya dassetuṃ ‘‘ sītodakaṃ viyā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ . Tattha sammoditan ti saṃsanditaṃ ekībhāvan ti sammodanakiriyāya samānataṃ ekarūpataṃ , khamanīyan ti ‘‘ idaṃ catucakkaṃ navadvāraṃ sarīrayantaṃ dukkhabahulatāya sabhāvato dussahaṃ , kacci khamituṃ sakkuṇeyyan ’’ ti pucchati . Yāpanīyan ti paccayāyattavuttikaṃ cirapabandhasaṅkhātāya yāpanāya kacci yāpetuṃ sakkuṇeyyaṃ . Sīsarogādiābādhābhāvena kacci appābādhaṃ . Dukkhajīvikābhāvena kacci appātaṅkaṃ . Taṃtaṃkiccakaraṇe uṭṭhānasukhatāya kacci lahuṭṭhānaṃ . Tadanurūpabalayogato kacci balaṃ . Sukhavihārasambhavena kacci phāsuvihāro atthīti tattha tattha kacci-saddaṃ yojetvā attho veditabbo . Balavappattā pīti pīti yeva . Taruṇapīti pāmojjaṃ . Sammodanaṃ janeti karotīti sammodanīyaṃ . Sammoditabbato sammodanīyan ti imaṃ pana atthaṃ dassento ‘‘ sammodituṃ yuttabhāvato ’’ ti āha . Saritabbabhāvatoti anussaritabbabhāvato . ‘‘ Saraṇīyan ’’ ti vattabbe dīghaṃ katvā ‘‘ sāraṇīyan ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Suyyamānasukhatoti āpāthamadhurataṃ āha , anussariyamānasukhatoti vimaddaramaṇīyataṃ . Byañjanaparisuddhatāyāti sabhāvaniruttibhāvena tassā kathāya vacanacāturiyamāha , atthaparisuddhatāyāti atthassa nirupakkilesataṃ . Anekehi pariyāyehīti anekehi kāraṇehi . AdiṭṭhattātiV1.149M1.170 upasaṅkamanavasena adiṭṭhattā . Guṇāguṇavasenāti guṇavasena gambhīrabhāvaṃ vā aguṇavasena uttānabhāvaṃ vā . Ovaṭṭikasāraṃ katvāti ovaṭṭikāya gahetabbasāravatthuṃ katvā . Lokanissaraṇabhavokkantipañhan ti lokato nissaṭabhāvapañhañceva ādito bhavokkamanapañhañca . Satthu sammāsambuddhataṃ pucchanto hi ‘‘ kiṃ bhavaṃ gotamo sabbalokato nissaṭo , sabbasattehi ca jeṭṭho ’’ ti ? Pucchati nāma . Yathā hi satthu sammāsambuddhatāya lokato nissaṭatā viññāyati , evaṃ sabbasattehi jeṭṭhabhāvato seṭṭhabhāvato . Svāyamattho aggapasādasuttā dīhi ( itivu .90; a . ni .4.34) vibhāvetabbo . Kathaṃ pana sambuddhatā viññāyatīti ? Aviparītadhammadesanato . Ayamettha saṅkhepo , vitthāro pana visuddhimaggasaṃvaṇṇanādīsu ( visuddhi . mahāṭī .1.124) vuttanayena veditabbo . Rājā satthu aviparītadhammadesanaṃ ajānanto tato evassa sammāsambodhiṃ asaddahanto ‘‘ vuḍḍhataresupi cirapabbajitesu sammāsambuddhabhāve alabbhamāne tabbiparīte kathaṃ labbheyyā ’’ ti maññamāno ‘‘ kiṃ pana bhavaṃ gotamo ’’ tiādiṃ vakkhati . Rājā attano laddhiyā na pucchati attano sammukhā tehi asammāsambuddhabhāvasseva paṭiññātattā . Yasmā te musāvāditāya attano upaṭṭhākādīnaṃ ‘‘ buddhā mayan ’’ ti paṭijāniṃsu , tasmā vuttaṃ ‘‘ loke mahājanena gahitapaṭiññāvasena pucchatī ’’ ti . Svāyamattho āgamissati .
Buddhasīhanādan ti buddhānaṃ eva āveṇikaṃ sīhanādaṃ . Kāmaṃ maggañāṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ , sambodhiñāṇe pana gahite taṃ atthato gahitameva hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘ sabbaññutaññāṇasaṅkhātaṃ sammāsambodhin ’’ ti . Pabbajjūpagamanenāti yāya kāyaci pabbajjāya upagamanamattena samaṇā , na samitapāpatāya . Jātivasenāti jātimattena brāhmaṇā , na bāhitapāpatāya . Pabbajitasamūhasaṅkhāto saṅghoti pabbajitasamūhatāmattena saṅgho , na niyyānikadiṭṭhivisuddhasīlasāmaññavasena saṃhatattāti adhippāyo . Etesaṃ atthīti etesaṃ sabbaññupaṭiññātānaṃ parivārabhūto atthi . Svevāti pabbajitasamūhasaṅkhāto eva . Keci pana ‘‘ pabbajitasamūhavasena . Saṅghino , gahaṭṭhasamūhavasena gaṇino ’’ ti vadanti , taṃ tesaṃ matimattaṃ gaṇe eva loke saṅghasaddassa niruḷhattā . Ācārasikkhāpanavasenāti acelakavatacariyādi-ācārasikkhāpanavasena . Pākaṭāti saṅghīādibhāvenaM1.171 pakāsitā . ‘‘ Appicchā ’’ ti vatvā tattha labbhamānaṃ appicchataṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ apicchatāya vatthampi na nivāsentī ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Na hi tesu sāsanikesu viya santaguṇaniguhanā appicchā labbhatīti . Yasoti kittisaddo . Taranti etena saṃsāroghanti evaṃ sammatattā titthaṃ vuccati laddhītiV1.150 āha ‘‘ titthakarāti laddhikarā ’’ ti . Sādhusammatāti ‘‘ sādhū ’’ ti sammatā , na sādhūhi sammatāti āha ‘‘ santo … pe … puthujjanassā ’’ ti .
Kappakolāhalan ti kappato kolāhalaṃ ,‘‘ kappuṭṭhānaṃ bhavissatī ’’ ti devaputtehi ugghositamahāsaddo . Imeti pūraṇādayo . Buddhakolāhalan ti devatāhi ghositaṃ buddhakolāhalaṃ . Payirupāsitvāti purisasutiparamparāya sutvā . Cintāmaṇivijjā nāma paracittajānāpanavijjā . Sā kevaṭṭasutte ‘‘ maṇikā ’’ ti āgatā , ādi -saddena gandhārisambhavavijjādiṃ saṅgaṇhāti . Tattha gandhāriyā vikubbanaṃ dasseti . Attabhāveti sarīre . Rājusmāti rājatejo . Sukkadhammoti anavajjadhammo nikkilesatā . Idaṃ gahetvāti idaṃ parammukhā ‘‘ mayaṃ buddhā ’’ ti vatvā attano sammukhā ‘‘ na mayaṃ buddhā ’’ ti tehi vuttavacanaṃ gahetvā . Evamāhāti ‘‘ yepi te , bho gotama … pe … navo ca pabbajjāyā ’’ ti evaṃ avoca . Attano paṭiññaṃ gahetvāti ‘‘ na mayaṃ buddhā ’’ ti tesaṃ attano purato pavattitaṃ paṭiññaṃ gahetvā . Īdise ṭhāne kiṃ-saddo paṭisedhavācako hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘ kinti paṭikkhepavacanan ’’ ti , kasmā paṭijānātīti attho ?
Na uññātabbāti na garahitabbā . Garahattho hi ayaṃ u-saddo . ‘‘ Daharo ’’ ti adhikatattā vakkhamānattā ca ‘‘ khattiyoti rājakumāro ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Urasā gacchatīti urago , yo koci sappo , idha pana adhippetaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ āsīviso ’’ ti āha . Sīlavantaṃ pabbajitaṃ dasseti sāmaññato ‘‘ bhikkhū ’’ ti vadanto . Idha pana yasmā ‘‘ bhavampi no gotamo ’’ tiādinā bhagavantaṃ uddissa kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi , tasmā bhagavā attānaṃ abbhantaraṃ akāsi . Yadipi viseso sāmaññajotanāya vibhāvito hoti , saṃsayuppattidīpakaṃ noti vuttaggahaṇaṃ pana taṃ paricchijjatīti . Tenāha ‘‘ desanākusalatāyā ’’ tiādi . Idāni avaññāparibhave payogato vibhāvetuṃ ‘‘ ettha cā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ . Tattha acittīkatākāravasena avaññāya pākaṭabhāvo , vambhanavasena paribhavassāti adhippāyenaM1.172 kāyapayogavasena avaññā dassitā , vacīpayogavasena paribhavo , ubhayaṃ pana ubhayatthāpi pabhedato gahitaṃ , avaññaparibhavānaṃ dvinnampi ubhayattha pariggaho . Taṃ sabbampīti taṃ avaññādi sabbampi . Catūsupi taṃ na kātabbameva sampati āyatiñca anatthāvahattā .
Tadatthadīpanāti tassa ādito vuttassa atthassa dīpanā . Visesatthadīpanāti tato visiṭṭhatthadīpanāV1.151 . Khettānaṃ adhipatīti khattiyoti niruttinayena saddasiddhi veditabbā . Khettato vivādā satte tāyatīti khattiyoti lokiyā kathayanti . ‘‘ Mahāsammato , khattiyo , rājā ’’ ti evamāgatesu imesu dutiyaṃ . Akkharan ti samaññā . Sā hi udayabbayābhāvato ‘‘ na kadāci kharatīti akkharan ’’ ti vuttā . Tenāha ‘‘ nāmagottaṃ na jīratī ’’ ti . Jātisampannan ti sampannajātiṃ ativisuddhajātiṃ . Tīṇi kulānīti brāhmaṇavessasuddakulāni . Atikkamitvāti attano jātisampattiyā abhibhavitvā . Kevalaṃ nāmapadaṃ vuttaṃ ākhyātapadaṃ apekkhatevāti āha ‘‘ ṭhānaṃ hīti kāraṇaṃ vijjatī ’’ ti . Uddhaṭadaṇḍenāti samantato ubbhatena daṇḍena sāsanena , balavaṃ upakkamaṃ garukaṃ rājānampi . Taṃ khattiyaṃ parivajjeyyāti khattiyaṃ avaññāparibhavakaraṇato vajjeyya . Tenāha ‘‘ na ghaṭṭeyyā ’’ ti . Uragassa ca nānāvidhavaṇṇaggahaṇe kāraṇaṃ vadati ‘‘ yena yena hī ’’ tiādinā . Bahubhakkhan ti mahābhakkhaṃ sabbabhakkhakhādakaṃ . Pāvakaṃ sodhanatthena asuddhassapi dahanena . Soti maggo . Kaṇho vattanī imassāti kaṇhavattanī . Mahanto aggikkhandho hutvā . Yāvabrahmalokappamāṇoti kappavuṭṭhānakāle araññe agginā gahite kālantare eva kaṭṭhatiṇarukkhādisambhavoti dassetuṃ ‘‘ jāyanti tattha pārohā ’’ ti pāḷiyaṃ vuttanti dassento ‘‘ tatthā ’’ tiādimāha . Ḍahituṃ na sakkoti paccakkosanādinā . Vinassanti samaṇatejasā vināsitattā . ‘‘ Na tassā ’’ ti ettha na-kāraṃ ‘‘ vindare ’’ ti ettha ānetvā sambandhitabbantiM1.173 āha ‘‘ na vindantī ’’ ti . Vatthumattāvasiṭṭhoti ṭhānameva nesaṃ avasissati , sayaṃ pana sabbaso saha dhanena vinassantīti attho . ‘‘ Sammadeva samācare ’’ ti ettha yathā rājādīsu sammā samācareyya , taṃ vibhāgena dassento ‘‘ khattiyaṃ tāvā ’’ tiādimāha . Taṃ suviññeyyameva . Tisso kulasampattiyoti khattiya-brāhmaṇagahapati-mahāsālakulāni vadati . Pañca rūpibrahmaloke , cattāro arūpībrahmaloketi evaṃ nava brahmaloke kammabhavavibhāgena , sesānaṃ gaṇanānaṃ upapattibhavavibhāgena .
Abhikkantan ti ativiya kamanīyaṃ . Sā panassā kantatā ativiya iṭṭhatāya manavaḍḍhanatāyaV1.152 sobhanatāyāti āha ‘‘ atiiṭṭhaṃ atimanāpaṃ atisundaranti attho ’’ ti . ‘‘ Abhikkantan ’’ ti vacanaṃ apekkhitvā napuṃsakaniddeso , vacanaṃ pana bhagavato dhammadesanāti tathā vuttaṃ . Atthamattadassanaṃ vā etaṃ , tasmā atthavasena liṅgavibhattivipariṇāmo veditabbo . Dutiyapadepi eseva nayo . Adhomukhaṭhapitan ti kenaci adhomukhaṃ ṭhapitaṃ . Heṭṭhāmukhajātan ti sabhāveneva heṭṭhāmukhaṃ jātaṃ . Ugghāṭeyyāti vivaṭaṃ kareyya . Hatthe gahetvāti ‘‘ puratthābhimukho uttarābhimukho vā gacchā ’’ tiādīni avatvā hatthe gahetvā nissandehaṃ katvā ‘‘ esa maggo ’’ ti evaṃ vatvā ‘‘ gacchā ’’ ti vadeyya . Kāḷapakkhacātuddasīti kāḷapakkhe cātuddasī . Nikkujjitaṃ ukkujjeyyāti ādheyyassa anādhārabhūtaṃ bhājanaṃ tassa ādhārabhāvāpādanavasena ukkujjeyya . Aññāṇassa abhimukhattā heṭṭhāmukhajātatāya saddhammavimukhaṃ , tato eva adhomukhabhāvena asaddhamme patitan ti evaṃ padadvayaṃ yathārahaṃ yojetabbaṃ , na yathāsaṅkhayaṃ . Kāmaṃ kāmacchandādayopi paṭicchādakā , micchādiṭṭhi pana savisesaṃ paṭicchādikāti āha ‘‘ micchādiṭṭhigahanapaṭicchannan ’’ ti . Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘ micchādiṭṭhiparamāhaṃ , bhikkhave , vajjaṃ vadāmī ’’ ti ( a . ni .1.310). Sabbāpāyagāmimaggo kummaggo ‘‘ kucchito maggo ’’ ti katvā . Sammādiṭṭhiādīnaṃ ujupaṭipakkhatāya micchādiṭṭhiādayo aṭṭha micchattadhammā micchāmaggo . Teneva hi tadubhayapaṭipakkhataṃ sandhāya ‘‘ saggamokkhamaggaṃ āvikarontenā ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Sappiādisannissayo padīpo na tathā ujjalo , yathā telasannissayotiM1.174 telapajjota ggahaṇaṃ . Etehi pariyāyehīti etehi nikkujjitukkujjanapaṭicchannavivaraṇādiupamopamitabbappakārehi . Pasannākāran ti pasannehi kātabbaṃ sakkāraṃ . Saraṇan ti paṭisaraṇaṃ parāyaṇaṃ . Ajjatāti ajjāti padassa vaḍḍhanamattaṃ hettha tā -saddo yathā ‘‘ devatā ’’ ti . Pāṇehi upetan ti pāṇehi saha saraṇaṃ upetaṃ . ‘‘ Yāva me pāṇā dharanti , tāva saraṇaṃ gatameva maṃ dhāretū ’’ ti āpāṇakoṭikaṃ attano saraṇagamanaṃ pavedeti . Tenāha ‘‘ yāva me ’’ tiādi . Yaṃ panettha atthato avibhattaṃ , taṃ suviññeyyameva .