Catumahāpadesavaṇṇanā
187. Mahāokāseti mahante okāse .
Mahantāni dhammassa patiṭṭhāpanaṭṭhānāni .
Yesu patiṭṭhāpito dhammo nicchīyati asandehato , kāni pana tāni ?
Āgamanavisiṭṭhāni suttotaraṇādīni .
Dutiyavikappe apadisantīti apadesā ,‘‘ sammukhā metaṃ āvuso bhagavato sutan ’’ tiādinā kenaci ābhatassa ‘‘ dhammo ’’ ti vinicchinane kāraṇaṃ .
Kiṃ pana tanti ?
Tassa yathābhatassa suttotaraṇādi eva .
Yadi evaṃ kathaṃ cattāroti ?
Yasmā dhammassa dve samparāyā satthā , sāvakā ca , tesu ca sāvakā saṅghagaṇapuggalavasena tividhā
P2.212 , evaṃ ‘‘ tumhākaṃ mayā yaṃ dhammo paṭiggahito ’’ ti apadisitabbānaṃ bhedena cattāro .Tenāha ‘‘ sammukhā me taṃ āvuso bhagavato sutan ’’ tiādi .
Tathā ca vuttaṃ nettiyaṃ ‘‘ cattāro mahāpadesā buddhāpadeso saṅghāpadeso sambahulattherāpadeso ekattherāpadeso .
Ime cattāro mahāpadesā ’’ ti ( netti .18) buddho apadeso etassāti buddhāpadeso .
Esa nayo sesesupi .
Tenāha ‘‘ buddhādayo … pe … mahākāraṇānī ’’ ti .
188. Neva
V2.148 abhinanditabban ti na sampaṭicchitabbaṃ .Ganthassa sampaṭicchanaṃ nāma savananti āha ‘‘ na sotabban ’’ ti .
Padabyañjanānīti padāni ca byañjanāni ca , atthapadāni , byañjanapadāni cāti attho .
Pajjati attho etehīti padāni , akkharādīni byañjanapadāni .
Pajjitabbato padāni , saṅkāsanādīni atthapadāni .
Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘‘‘ padasaṅkhātāni byañjanānī ’ ti byañjanapadāneva vuttānī ’’ ti keci , taṃ na , atthaṃ byañjentīti byañjanāni , byañjanapadāni , tehi byañjitabbato byañjanāni , atthapadānīti ubhayasaṅgahato .
Imasmiṃ ṭhāneti tenābhatasuttassa imasmiṃ padese .
Pāḷi vuttāti kevalo pāḷidhammo pavatto .
Attho vuttoti pāḷiyā attho pavatto niddiṭṭho .
Anusandhi kathitoti yathāraddhadesanāya , upari desanāya ca anusandhānaṃ kathitaṃ sambandho kathito
M2.166 .Pubbāparaṃ kathitan ti pubbenāparaṃ avirujjhanañceva visesādhānañca kathitaṃ pakāsitaṃ .
Evaṃ pāḷidhammādīni sammadeva sallakkhetvā gahaṇaṃ sādhukaṃ uggahaṇanti āha ‘‘ suṭṭhu gahetvā ’’ ti .
Sutte otāretabbānīti
P2.213 ñāṇena sutte ogāhetvā tāretabbāni , taṃ pana ogāhetvā taraṇaṃ tattha otaraṇaṃ anuppavesanaṃ hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘ sutte otāretabbānī ’’ ti .Saṃsandetvā dassanaṃ sandassanan ti āha ‘‘ vinaye saṃsandetabbānī ’’ ti .
Kiṃ pana taṃ suttaṃ , ko vā vinayoti vicāraṇāya ācariyānaṃ matibhedamukhena tamatthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ ettha cā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .
Vinayoti vibhaṅgapāṭhamāha .
So hi mātikāsaññitassa suttassa atthasūcanato ‘‘ suttan ’’ ti vattabbataṃ arahati .
Vividhanayattā , visiṭṭhanayattā ca vinayo , khandhakapāṭho .
Evan ti evaṃ suttavinayesu pariggayhamānesu vinayapiṭakampi na pariyādīyati parivārapāḷiyā asaṅgahitattā .
Suttantābhidhammapiṭakāni vā suttaṃ atthasūcanādiatthasambhavato .
Evampīti ‘‘ suttantābhidhammapiṭakāni suttaṃ , vinayapiṭakaṃ vinayo ’’ ti evaṃ suttavinayavibhāge vuccamānepi .
Na tāva pariyādīyantīti na tāva anavasesato pariggayhanti , kasmāti āha ‘‘ asuttanāmakañhī ’’ tiādi .
Yasmā ‘‘ suttan ’’ ti imaṃ nāmaṃ anāropetvā saṅgītampi jātakādibuddhavacanaṃ atthi , tasmā vuttanayena tīṇi piṭakāni na pariyādiṇṇānīti .
Suttanipātaudānaitivuttakādīni dīghanikāyādayo viya suttanāmaṃ āropetvā asaṅgītānīti adhippāye panettha jātakādīhi saddhiṃ tānipi gahitāni .
Buddhavaṃsacariyāpiṭakānaṃ panettha aggahaṇe kāraṇaṃ maggitabbaṃ , kiṃ vā tena magganena ?
Sabbopāyaṃ vaṇṇanānayo theravādaṃ dassanamukhena paṭikkhitto evāti .
Atthīti kiṃ atthi , asuttanāmakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ natthi evāti dasseti .
Tathā hi nidānavaṇṇanāyaṃ
V2.149 ( dī . ni . ṭī .1. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā ; sārattha . ṭī .1. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā ) amhehi vuttaṃP2.214 ‘‘ suttanti sāmaññavidhi , visesavidhayo pare ’’ ti .Taṃ sabbaṃ paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘ suttanti vinayo ’’ tiādinā vuttaṃ saṃvaṇṇanānayaṃ ‘‘ nāyamattho idhādhippeto ’’ ti paṭisodhetvā .
Vineti etena kileseti vinayo , kilesavinayanūpāyo , so eva ca naṃ karotīti kāraṇan ti āha ‘‘ vinayo pana kāraṇan ’’ ti .
Dhammeti
M2.167 pariyattidhamme .Sarāgāyāti sarāgabhāvāya kāmarāgabhavarāgaparibrūhanāya .
Saññogāyāti bhavasaṃyojanāya .
Ācayāyāti vaṭṭassa vaḍḍhanatthāya .
Mahicchatāyāti mahicchabhāvāya .
Asantuṭṭhiyāti asantuṭṭhibhāvāya .
Saṅgaṇikāyāti kilesasaṅgaṇagaṇasaṅgaṇavihārāya .
Kosajjāyāti kusītabhāvāya .
Dubbharatāyāti dupposatāya .
Virāgāyāti sakalavaṭṭato virajjanatthāya .
Visaññogāyāti kāmabhavādīhi visaṃyujjanatthāya .
Apacayāyāti sabbassāpi vaṭṭassa apacayanāya , nibbānāyāti attho .
Appicchatāyāti paccayappicchatādivasena sabbaso icchāpagamāya .
Santuṭṭhiyāti dvādasavidhasantuṭṭhibhāvāya .
Pavivekāyāti pavivittabhāvāya , kāyavivekāditadaṅgavivekādivivekasiddhiyā .
Vīriyārambhāyāti kāyikassa ceva , cetasikassa ca vīriyassa paggahaṇatthāya .
Subharatāyāti sukhaposanatthāya .
Evaṃ yo pariyattidhammo uggahaṇadhāraṇaparipucchāmanasikāravasena yoniso paṭipajjantassa sarāgādibhāvaparivajjanassa kāraṇaṃ hutvā virāgādibhāvāya saṃvattati , ekaṃsato eso dhammo .
Eso vinayo , sammadeva
P2.215 apāyādīsu apatanavasena dhāraṇato , kilesānaṃ vinayanato , satthu sammāsambuddhassa ovādānusiṭṭhibhāvato etaṃ satthusāsananti dhāreyyāsi jāneyyāsi , avabujjheyyāsīti attho .Catusaccassa sūcanaṃ suttanti āha ‘‘ sutteti tepiṭake buddhavacane ’’ ti .
Tepiṭakañhi buddhavacanaṃ saccavinimuttaṃ natthi .
Rāgādivinayanakāraṇaṃ tathāgatena suttapadena pakāsitanti āha ‘‘ vinayeti etasmiṃ rāgādivinayakāraṇe ’’ ti .
Sutte osaraṇañcettha tepiṭake buddhavacane pariyāpannatāvaseneva veditabbaṃ , na aññathāti āha ‘‘ suttapaṭipāṭiyā katthaci anāgantvā ’’ ti .
Challiṃ uṭṭhapetvāti arogassa mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato upakkamena challiyā sakalikāya , papaṭikāya vā uṭṭhapanaṃ viya arogassa sāsanadhammassa tiṭṭhato byañjanamattena tappariyāpannaṃ viya hutvā challisadisaṃ pubbāparaviruddhatādidosaṃ uṭṭhapetvā paridīpetvā , tādisāni pana ekaṃsato guḷhavessantarādipariyāpannāni hontīti āha ‘‘ guḷhavessantara … pe … paññāyantīti attho ’’ ti
V2.150 .Rāgādivinayeti rāgādīnaṃ vinayanatthe .
Tadākāratāya na paññāyamānāni na dissamānāni chaḍḍetabbāni vajjitabbāni na gahetabbāni .
Sabbatthāti sabbavāresu .
Imasmiṃ
M2.168 pana ṭhāneti imasmiṃ mahāpadesaniddesaṭṭhāne .‘‘ Sutte cattāro mahāpadesā ’’ tiādinā vuttampi avuttena saddhiṃ gahetvā pakiṇṇakakathāya mātikaṃ uddisati .
Ñātuṃ
P2.216 icchito attho pañho , tassa vissajjanāni pañhābyākaraṇāni , atthasūcanādiatthena suttaṃ , pāḷi , taṃ suttaṃ anulometi anukūletīti suttānulomaṃ , mahāpadeso .Ācariyā vadanti saṃvaṇṇenti pāḷiṃ etenāti ācariyavādo aṭṭhakathā .
Tassa tassa therassa attano eva mati adhippāyoti attanomati .
Dhammavinicchaye patteti dhamme vinicchinitabbe upaṭṭhite .
Imeti anantaraṃ vuttā cattāro mahāpadesā .
Pamīyati dhammo paricchijjati vinicchīyati etenāti pamāṇaṃ .
Tenāha ‘‘ yaṃ ettha sametī ’’ tiādi .
Itaran ti mahāpadesesu asamentaṃ .
Puna itaran ti akappiyaṃ anulomentaṃ kappiyaṃ paṭibāhantaṃ sandhāyāha .
Ekaṃseneva byākātabbo vissajjetabboti ekaṃsabyākaraṇīyo .
Vibhajjāti pucchitamatthaṃ avadhāraṇādibhedena vibhajitvā .
Paṭipucchāti pucchantaṃ puggalaṃ paṭipucchitvā .
Ṭhapanīyoti tidhāpi avissajjanīyattā ṭhapanīyo byākaraṇaṃ akatvā ṭhapetabbo .
‘‘ Cakkhuṃ aniccan ’’ ti pañhe uttarapadāvadhāraṇaṃ sandhāya ‘‘ ekaṃseneva byākātabban ’’ ti vuttaṃ niccatāya lesassāpi tattha abhāvato .
Purimapadāvadhāraṇe pana vibhajjabyākaraṇīyatā cakkhusotesu visesatthasāmaññatthānaṃ asādhāraṇabhāvato .
Dvinnaṃ tesaṃ sadisatācodanā paṭipucchanamukheneva byākaraṇīyā paṭikkhepavasena , anuññātavasena ca vissajjitabbatoti āha ‘‘ yathā cakkhu , tathā sotaṃ … pe … ayaṃ paṭipucchābyākaraṇīyo pañho ’’ ti .
Taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīran ti jīvasarīrānaṃ anaññatāpañho .
Yassa yena anaññatācoditā , so eva paramatthato
P2.217 nupalabbhatīti vañjhātanayassa matteyyatākittanasadisoti abyākātabbatāya ṭhapanīyo vuttoti .Imāni cattāri pañhabyākaraṇāni pamāṇaṃ teneva nayena tesaṃ pañhānaṃ byākātabbato .
Vinayamahāpadeso kappiyānulomavidhānato nippariyāyato anulomakappiyaṃ nāma , mahāpadesabhāvena pana taṃsadisatāya suttantamahāpadesesupi ‘‘ anulomakappiyan ’’ ti ayaṃ aṭṭhakathāvohāro .
Yadipi tattha tattha bhagavatā pavattitapakiṇṇakadesanāva aṭṭhakathā , sā pana dhammasaṅgāhakehi paṭhamaṃ tīṇi piṭakāni saṅgāyitvā tassa atthavaṇṇanānurūpeneva
M2.169 vācanāmaggaṃ āropitattā ‘‘ ācariyavādo ’’ ti vuccati ācariyā vadanti saṃvaṇṇenti pāḷiṃ etenāti .Tenāha
V2.151 ‘‘ ācariyavādo nāma aṭṭhakathā ’’ ti .Tisso saṅgītiyo āruḷho eva ca buddhavacanassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanābhūto kathāmaggo mahindattherena tambapaṇṇidīpaṃ ābhato pacchā tambapaṇṇiyehi mahātherehi sīhaḷabhāsāya ṭhapito nikāyantaraladdhisaṅkarapariharaṇatthaṃ .
Attanomati nāma theravādo .
Nayaggāhenāti suttādito labbhamānanayaggahaṇena .
Anubuddhiyāti suttādīniyeva anugatabuddhiyā .
Attano paṭibhānan ti attano eva tassa atthassa vuttanayena upaṭṭhānaṃ , yathāupaṭṭhitā atthā eva tathā vuttā .
Samentameva gahetabban ti yathā suttena saṃsandati , evaṃ mahāpadesato atthā uddharitabbāti dasseti .
Pamādapāṭhavasena ācariyavādassa kadāci pāḷiyā asaṃsandanāpi siyā , so na gahetabboti dassento āha ‘‘ ācariyavādopi suttena samentoyeva gahetabbo ’’ ti .
Sabbadubbalā puggalassa sayaṃ paṭibhānabhāvato .
Tathā ca sāpi gahetabbā , kīdisī ?
Suttena samentā yevāti yojanā .
Tāsūti tīsu saṅgītīsu .
‘‘ Āgatameva pamāṇan ’’ ti iminā mahākassapādīhi saṅgītameva ‘‘ suttan ’’ ti idhādhippetanti tadaññassa
P2.218 suttabhāvameva paṭikkhipati .Tadatthā eva hi tisso saṅgītiyo .
Tatthāti gārayhasutte .
Na ceva sutte osaranti , na ca vinaye sandissantīti veditabbāni tassa asuttabhāvato tena ‘‘ anulomakappiyaṃ suttena samentameva gahetabban ’’ ti vuttaṃ evatthaṃ nigamanavasena nidasseti .
Sabbattha ‘‘ na itaran ’’ ti vacanaṃ tattha tattha gahitāvadhāraṇaphaladassanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ .