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Sīlakkhandhavaggaṭīkā
Sīlakkhandhavaggaṭīkā

Nidānakathāvaṇṇanā

Author： _System_Pali_VRI_ @ Administrator

Nidānakathāvaṇṇanā

VibhāgavantānaṃV1.18M1.19 sabhāvavibhāvanaṃ vibhāgadassanavaseneva hotīti paṭhamaṃ tāva vaggasuttavasenaP1.23 vibhāgaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ tattha dīghāgamo nāmā ’’ tiādimāha .
Tattha tatthāti ‘‘ dīghassa āgamavarassa atthaṃ pakāsayissāmī ’’ ti yadidaṃ vuttaṃ , tasmiṃ vacane .
Yassa atthaṃ pakāsayissāmīti paṭiññātaṃ , so dīghāgamo nāma vaggasuttavasena evaṃ vibhāgoti attho .
Atha vā tatthāti ‘‘ dīghāgamanissitamatthan ’’ ti etasmiṃ vacane .
Yo dīghāgamo vutto , so vaggādivasena edisoti attho .
Attano saṃvaṇṇanāya paṭhamamahāsaṅgītiyaṃ nikkhittānukkameneva pavattabhāvadassanatthaṃ ‘‘ tassa vaggesu … pe … vuttaṃ nidānamādī ’’ ti āha .
Kasmā pana catūsu āgamesu dīghāgamo paṭhamaṃ saṅgīto , tattha ca sīlakkhandhavaggo ādito nikkhitto , tasmiñca brahmajālanti ?
Nāyamanuyogo katthacipi na pavattati , api ca saddhāvahaguṇato dīghanikāyo paṭhamaṃ saṅgīto .
Saddhā hi kusaladhammānaṃ bījaṃ .
Yathāha –
‘‘ saddhā bījaṃ tapo vuṭṭhī ’’ ti ,( saṃ . ni .1.197; su . ni .77) saddhāvahaguṇatā cassa dassitāyeva .
Kiñca katipayasuttasaṅgahato , appaparimāṇato ca gahaṇadhāraṇādisukhato .
Tathāhesa catuttiṃsasuttasaṅgaho catusaṭṭhibhāṇavāraparimāṇo ca .
Sīlakathābāhullato pana sīlakkhandhavaggo paṭhamaṃ nikkhitto .
Sīlañhi sāsanassa ādi , sīlapatiṭṭhānattā sabbaguṇānaṃ .
Tenevāha –
‘‘ tasmā tiha , tvaṃ bhikkhu , ādimeva visodhehi kusalesu dhammesu .
Ko cādi kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ?
Sīlañca suvisuddhan ’’ tiādi ( saṃ . ni .5.395).
Etena cassa vaggassa anvatthasaññatā vuttā hoti .
Diṭṭhiviniveṭhanakathābhāvato pana suttantapiṭakassa niravasesadiṭṭhivibhajanaṃ brahmajālaṃ paṭhamaṃ nikkhittanti daṭṭhabbaṃ .
Tepiṭake hi buddhavacane brahmajālasadisaṃ diṭṭhigatāni niggumbaṃ nijjaṭaṃ katvā vibhattasuttaṃ natthīti .

Paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā

YassāV1.19P1.24 paṭhamamahāsaṅgītiyaṃ nikkhittānukkamena saṃvaṇṇanaṃ kattukāmo , taṃ , tassā ca tantiāruḷhāya idha vacane kāraṇaṃ dassento ‘‘ paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti … pe … veditabbā ’’ ti āha .
Tattha yathāpaccayaṃ tattha tattha desitattāM1.20 , paññattattā ca vippakiṇṇānaṃ dhammavinayānaṃ saṅgahetvā gāyanaṃ kathanaṃ saṅgīti , etena taṃtaṃsikkhāpadānaṃ suttānañca ādipariyosānesu , antarantarā ca sambandhavasena ṭhapitaṃ saṅgītikāravacanaṃ saṅgahitaṃ hoti .
Mahāvisayattā , pūjanīyattā ca mahatī saṅgīti mahāsaṅgīti , paṭhamā mahāsaṅgīti paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti , tassā pavattikālo paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikālo , tasmiṃ paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle .
Nidānan ti ca desanaṃ desakālādivasena aviditaṃ viditaṃ katvā nidassetīti nidānaṃ .
Sattānaṃ dassanānuttariyasaraṇādipaṭilābhahetubhūtāsu vijjamānāsupi aññāsu bhagavato kiriyāsu ‘‘ buddho bodheyyan ’’ ti ( bu . vaṃ . aṭṭha . ratanacaṅkamanakaṇḍavaṇṇanā ; cariyā . uddhānagāthāvaṇṇanā ) paṭiññāya anulomato veneyyānaṃ maggaphalappattīnaṃ hetubhūtā kiriyā nippariyāyena buddhakiccanti āha –
‘‘ dhammacakkappavattanañhi ādiṃ katvā ’’ ti .
Tattha saddhindriyādidhammoyeva pavattanaṭṭhena cakkanti dhammacakkaṃ .
Atha vā cakkanti āṇā , dhammato anapetattā dhammañca taṃ cakkañcāti dhammacakkaṃ , dhammena ñāyena cakkantipi dhammacakkaṃ .
Yathāha –
‘‘ Dhammañca pavatteti cakkañcāti dhammacakkaṃ , cakkañca pavatteti dhammañcāti dhammacakkaṃ , dhammena pavattetīti dhammacakkaṃ , dhammacariyāya pavattetīti dhammacakkan ’’ tiādi ( paṭi . ma .2,39,41).
‘‘ Katabuddhakicce ’’ ti etena buddhakattabbassa kassacipi asesitabhāvaṃ dasseti .
Nanu ca sāvakehi vinītāpi vineyyāP1.25 bhagavatāyeva vinītā honti , yato sāvakabhāsitaṃ suttaṃ ‘‘ buddhavacanan ’’ ti vuccati , sāvakavineyyā ca na tāva vinītāti ?
Nāyaṃ doso tesaṃ vinayanupāyassa sāvakesu ṭhapitattā .
Tenevāha –
‘‘ Na tāvāhaṃ , pāpima , parinibbāyissāmi , yāva me bhikkhū na sāvakā bhavissanti viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā dhammadharā … pe … uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahaV1.20 dhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desessan ’’ tiādi ( dī . ni .2.168; saṃ . ni .5.822; udā .51).
‘‘ Kusinārāyan ’’ tiādi bhagavato parinibbutadesakālavisesadassanaṃ ‘‘ aparinibbuto bhagavā ’’ ti gāhassa micchābhāvadassanatthaṃ , loke jātasaṃvaddhabhāvadassanatthañcaM1.21 .
Tathā hi manussabhāvassa supākaṭakaraṇatthaṃ mahābodhisattā carimabhave dārapariggahādīnipi karontīti .
Upādīyate kammakilesehīti upādi , vipākakkhandhā kaṭattā ca rūpaṃ .
So pana upādi kilesābhisaṅkhāramāranimmathanena nibbānappattiyaṃ anossaṭṭho , idha khandhamaccumāranimmathanena ossaṭṭho nissesitoti ayaṃ anupādisesā , nibbānadhātu .
Nibbānadhātūti cettha nibbutimattaṃ adhippetaṃ , itthambhūtalakkhaṇe cāyaṃ karaṇaniddeso .
‘‘ Dhātubhājanadivase ’’ ti idaṃ na ‘‘ sannipatitānan ’’ ti etassa visesanaṃ , ussāhajananassa pana visesanaṃ ,‘‘ dhātubhājanadivase bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhaṃ janesī ’’ ti .
Dhātubhājanadivasato hi purimapurimataradivasesu bhikkhū samāgatāti .
Atha vā dhātubhājanadivase sannipatitānaṃ kāyasāmaggīvasena sahitānanti attho .
Saṅghassa thero saṅghatthero , so pana saṅgho kiṃ parimāṇānanti āha –
‘‘ sattannaṃ bhikkhusatasahassānan ’’ ti .
Niccasāpekkhatāya hi edisesu samāso hotiyeva , yathā –
‘‘ devadattassa garukulan ’’ ti .
Āyasmā mahākassapo puna dullabhabhāvaṃ maññamāno bhikkhūnaṃP1.26 ussāhaṃ janesīti sambandho .
‘‘ Dhātubhājanadivase sannipatitānan ’’ ti idaṃ ‘‘ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhaṃ janesī ’’ ti ettha ‘‘ bhikkhūnan ’’ ti imināpi padena sambandhanīyaṃ .
Subhaddena vuḍḍhapabbajitena vuttavacanamanussarantoti sambandho .
Tattha anussaranto dhammasaṃvegavasenāti adhippāyo .
‘‘ Saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeyyuṃ saṅgāyeyyaṃ … pe … ciraṭṭhitikaṃ tassa kimaññaṃ āṇaṇyaṃ bhavissatī ’’ ti etesaṃ padānaṃ ‘‘ iti cintayanto ’’ ti etena sambandho .
Tathā ‘‘ yañcāhan ’’ ti etassa ‘‘ anuggahito pasaṃsito ’’ ti etena sambandho .
Yaṃ pāpabhikkhūti ettha yan ti nipātamattaṃ , kāraṇaniddeso vā , yena kāraṇena antaradhāpeyyuṃ , tadetaṃ kāraṇaṃ vijjatīti attho , addhaniyan ti addhānamaggagāmi , addhānakkhamanti attho .
Yañcāhan ti ettha yan ti yasmā , yena kāraṇenāti vuttaṃ hoti , kiriyāparāmasanaṃ vā etaṃ , tena ‘‘ anuggahito pasaṃsito ’’ ti ettha anuggaṇhanaṃ pasaṃsanañca parāmasati .
‘‘ Cīvare sādhāraṇaparibhogenā ’’ ti ettha ‘‘ attanā samasamaṭṭhapanenā ’’ ti idha attanā-saddaṃ ānetvā cīvare attanāV1.21M1.22 sādhāraṇaparibhogenāti yojetabbaṃ .
Yassa yena hi sambandho dūraṭṭhampi ca tassa tanti atha vā bhagavatā cīvare sādhāraṇaparibhogena bhagavatā anuggahitoti yojanīyaṃ , etassāpi hi karaṇaniddesassa sahayogakattutthajotakattasambhavato .
Yāvadeti yāvadeva , yattakaṃ kālaṃ , yattake vā samāpattivihāre , abhiññāvihāre vā ākaṅkhanto viharāmi ceva voharāmi ca , tathā kassapopīti attho .
Idañca navānupubbavihārachaḷabhiññabhāvasāmaññena thutimattaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ .
Na hi āyasmā mahākassapo bhagavā viya devasikaṃ catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasaṅkhyā samāpattiyo samāpajjati , yamakapāṭihāriyādivasena vā abhiññāyo vaḷañjetīti .
Tenevāha –
‘‘ navānupubbavihārachaḷabhiññāppabhede ’’ tiP1.27 .
Tassa kimaññaṃ āṇaṇyaṃ bhavissati , aññatra dhammavinayasaṅgāyanāti adhippāyo .
‘‘ Nanu maṃ bhagavā ’’ tiādinā vuttamevatthaṃ upamāvasena vibhāveti .
Tato paran ti tato bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhajananato parato .
Pure adhammo dippatīti apināma dibbati , yāva adhammo dhammaṃ paṭibāhituṃ samattho hoti , tato puretaramevāti attho .
Āsanne anicchite hi ayaṃ pure-saddo .
Dippatīti ca dippissati .
Puresaddasanniyogena hi anāgatatthe ayaṃ vattamānappayogo , yathā –
‘‘ purā vassati devo ’’ ti .
‘‘ Sakalanavaṅgasatthusāsanapariyattidhare … pe … ekūnapañcasate pariggahesī ’’ ti etena sukkhavipassakakhīṇāsavapariyantānaṃ yathāvuttapuggalānaṃ satipi āgamādhigamasabbhāve saha paṭisambhidāhi pana tevijjādiguṇayuttānaṃ āgamādhigamasampattiyā ukkaṃsagatattā saṅgītiyā bahupakārataṃ dasseti .
Idaṃ vuttaṃ saṅgītikkhandhake ,( pārā .437) apaccakkhaṃ nāma natthi paguṇappavattibhāvato , samantapāsādikāyaṃ pana ‘‘ asammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ nāma natthī ’’ ti ( pārā . aṭṭha . paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā ) vuttaṃ , taṃ ‘‘ dve sahassāni bhikkhuto ’’ ti vuttampi bhagavato santike paṭiggahitamevāti katvā vuttaṃ .
Caturāsītisahassānīti dhammakkhandhe sandhāyāha .
Pavattinoti paguṇāni .
Ānandattherassa navappāyāya parisāya vibbhamanena mahākassapatthero evamāha –
‘‘ na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī ’’ ti .
Tattha mattan ti pamāṇaṃ .
Chandā āgamanaṃ viyāti padavibhāgo .
‘‘ Kiñcāpi sekkho ’’ ti idaṃM1.23 na sekkhānaṃ agatigamanasabbhāvena vuttaṃ , asekkhānameva pana uccinitattāti daṭṭhabbaṃP1.28 .
Paṭhamamaggeneva hi cattāri agatigamanāni pahīyantīti .
‘‘ Abhabbo chandā … pe … agatiṃ gantun ’’ ti ca dhammasaṅgītiyā tassa yogyabhāvadassanena vijjamānaguṇakathanaṃ .
Pariyattoti adhīto .
GāvoV1.22 caranti etthāti gocaro , gocaro viya gocaro , bhikkhācaraṇaṭṭhānaṃ .
Visabhāgapuggalo subhaddasadiso .
Sattipañjaran ti sattikhaggādihatthehi purisehi mallarājūnaṃ bhagavato dhātuārakkhakaraṇaṃ sandhāyāha .
Taṃ palibodhaṃ chinditvā taṃ karaṇīyaṃ karotūti saṅgāhakena chinditabbaṃ chinditvā ekantakaraṇīyaṃ karotūti attho .
Mahājanan ti bahujanaṃ .
Gandhakuṭiṃ vanditvā paribhogacetiyabhāvatoti adhippāyo .
Yathā tan ti yathā aññopi yathāvuttasabhāvo , evanti attho .
Saṃvejesīti ‘‘ nanu bhagavatā paṭikacceva akkhātaṃ –
‘ sabbeheva piyehi manāpehi nānābhāvo vinābhāvo ’’’ tiādinā ( dī . ni .2.183; saṃ . ni .5.379; a . ni .10.48; cūḷava .437) saṃvegaṃ janesi .
Ussannadhātukan ti upacitadosaṃ .
Bhesajjamattāti appakaṃ bhesajjaṃ .
Appattho hi ayaṃ mattā-saddo ,‘‘ mattāsukhapariccāgo ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . pa .290) viya .
Dutiyadivaseti devatāya saṃvejitadivasato , jetavanavihāraṃ paviṭṭhadivasato vā dutiyadivase .
Āṇāva cakkaṃ āṇācakkaṃ .
Etadaggan ti eso aggo .
Liṅgavipallāsena hi ayaṃ niddeso .
Yadidan ti ca yo ayaṃ , yadidaṃ khandhapañcakanti vā yojetabbaṃ .
‘‘ PaṭhamaṃP1.29 āvuso upāli pārājikaṃ kattha paññattan ’’ ti kasmā vuttaṃ , nanu tassa saṅgītiyā purimakāle paṭhamabhāvo na yuttoti ?
No na yutto , bhagavatā paññattānukkamena pātimokkhuddesānukkamena ca paṭhamabhāvassa siddhattā .
Yebhuyyena hi tīṇi piṭakāni bhagavato dharamānakāle ṭhitānukkameneva saṅgītāni , visesato vinayābhidhammapiṭakānīti daṭṭhabbaṃ .
‘‘ Vatthumpi pucchī ’’ tiādi ‘ kattha paññattan ’ tiādinā dassitena saha tadavasiṭṭhampi saṅgahetvā dassanavasena vuttaṃ .
Paṭhamapārājiketi paṭhamapārājikapāḷiyaṃ ( pārā .24), tenevāha –
‘‘ na hi tathāgatā ekabyañjanampi niratthakaṃ vadantī ’’ ti .
JātakādikeM1.24 khuddakanikāyapariyāpanne , yebhuyyena ca dhammaniddesabhūte tādise abhidhammapiṭake saṅgaṇhituṃ yuttaṃ , na pana dīghanikāyādippakāre suttantapiṭake , nāpi paññattiniddesabhūte vinayapiṭaketi dīghabhāṇakā ‘‘ jātakādīnaṃ abhidhammapiṭake saṅgaho ’’ ti vadanti .
Cariyāpiṭakabuddhavaṃsānañcettha aggahaṇaṃ , jātakagatikattā .
Majjhimabhāṇakā pana ‘‘ aṭṭhuppattivasena desitānaṃ jātakādīnaṃ yathānulomadesanābhāvato tādise suttantapiṭake saṅgaho yutto , na pana sabhāvadhammaniddesabhūte yathādhammasāsane abhidhammapiṭake ’’ ti jātakādīnaṃ suttantapiṭakapariyāpannataṃ kathayanti .
Tattha ca yuttaṃ vicāretvā gahetabbaṃ .
EvaṃV1.23 nimittapayojanakāladesakārakakaraṇappakārehi paṭhamaṃ saṅgītiṃ dassetvā idāni tattha vavatthāpitasiddhesu dhammavinayesu nānappakārakosallatthaṃ ekavidhādibhede dassetuṃ ‘‘ evametan ’’ tiādimāha .
Tattha vimuttirasan ti vimuttiguṇaṃ , vimuttisampattikaṃ vā , aggaphalanipphādanato , vimuttikiccaṃ vā , kilesānaṃP1.30 accantaṃ vimuttisampādanato .
Keci pana ‘‘ vimuttiassādan ’’ ti vadanti .
Kiñcāpi avisesena sabbampi buddhavacanaṃ kilesavinayanena vinayo , yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāne apāyapatanādito dhāraṇena dhammo , idhādhippete pana dhammavinaye niddhāretuṃ ‘‘ tattha vinayapiṭakan ’’ tiādimāha .
Avasesaṃ buddhavacanaṃ dhammo , khandhādivasena sabhāvadhammadesanābāhullato .
Atha vā yadipi dhammoyeva vinayopi , pariyattiyādibhāvato , vinayasaddasannidhāne pana bhinnādhikaraṇabhāvena payutto dhamma-saddo vinayatantividhuraṃ tantiṃ dīpeti yathā ‘‘ puññañāṇasambhārā , gobalibaddhan ’’ ti ca .
‘‘ Anekajātisaṃsāran ’’ ti ayaṃ gāthā bhagavatā attano sabbaññutañāṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ arahattappattiṃ paccavekkhantena ekūnavīsatimassa paccavekkhaṇañāṇassa anantaraṃ bhāsitā .
Tenāha ‘‘ idaṃ paṭhamabuddhavacanan ’’ ti .
Idaṃ kira sabbabuddhehi avijahitaṃ udānaṃ .
Ayamassa saṅkhepattho – ahaṃ imassa attabhāvagehassa kārakaṃ taṇhāvaḍḍhakiṃ gavesanto yena ñāṇena taṃ daṭṭhuṃ sakkā , tassa bodhiñāṇassatthāya dīpaṅkarapādamūle katābhinīhāroM1.25 ettakaṃ kālaṃ anekajātisaṃsāraṃ anekajātisatasahassasaṅkhyaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭaṃ anibbisaṃ taṃ ñāṇaṃ avindanto alabhantoyeva sandhāvissaṃ saṃsariṃ .
Yasmā jarāvyādhimaraṇamissatāya jāti nāmesā punappunaṃ upagantuṃ dukkhā , na ca sā tasmiṃ adiṭṭhe nivattati , tasmā taṃ gavesanto sandhāvissanti attho .
Diṭṭhosīti idāni mayā sabbaññutañāṇaṃ paṭivijjhantena diṭṭho asi .
Puna gehan ti puna imaṃ attabhāvasaṅkhātaṃ mama gehaṃ .
Na kāhasi na karissasi .
Tava sabbā avasesākilesa phāsukā mayā bhaggā .
Imassa tayā katassa attabhāvagehassa kūṭaṃ avijjāsaṅkhātaṃ kaṇṇikamaṇḍalaṃ visaṅkhataṃ viddhaṃsitaṃ .
Visaṅkhāraṃ nibbānaṃ ārammaṇakaraṇavasena gataṃ anupaviṭṭhaṃ idāni mama cittaṃ , ahañcaP1.31 taṇhānaṃ khayasaṅkhātaṃ arahattamaggaṃ ajjhagā adhigato pattosmīti .
Ayaṃ manasā pavattitadhammānamādi .
‘‘ Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā ’’ ti ( udā .1,2,3) ayaṃ pana vācāya pavattitadhammānaṃ ādīti vadanti .
Antojappanavasena kira bhagavā ‘‘ anekajātisaṃsāran ’’ tiādimāha ( dha . pa .153).
‘‘ Pāṭipadadivase ’’ ti idaṃ ‘‘ sabbaññubhāvappattassā ’’ tiV1.24 na etena sambandhitabbaṃ ,‘‘ paccavekkhantassa uppannā ’’ ti etena pana sambandhitabbaṃ .
Visākhapuṇṇamāyameva hi bhagavā paccūsasamaye sabbaññutaṃ pattoti .
Vayadhammāti aniccalakkhaṇamukhena dukkhānattalakkhaṇampi saṅkhārānaṃ vibhāveti ‘‘ yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ , yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .3.15; paṭi . ma .2.10) vacanato .
Lakkhaṇattayavibhāvananayeneva ca tadārammaṇaṃ vipassanaṃ dassento sabbatitthiyānaṃ avisayabhūtaṃ buddhāveṇikaṃ catusaccakammaṭṭhānādhiṭṭhānaṃ aviparītaṃ nibbānagāminippaṭipadaṃ pakāsetīti daṭṭhabbaṃ .
Idāni tattha sammāpaṭipattiyaṃ niyojeti ‘‘ appamādena sampādethā ’’ ti .
Atha vā ‘‘ vayadhammā saṅkhārā ’’ ti etena saṅkhepena saṃvejetvā ‘‘ appamādena sampādethā ’’ ti saṅkhepeneva niravasesaṃ sammāpaṭipattiṃ dasseti .
Appamādapadañhi sikkhāttayasaṅgahitaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ sāsanaṃ pariyādiyitvā tiṭṭhatīti .
Paṭhamasaṅgītiyaṃ asaṅgītaṃ saṅgītikkhandhakakathāvatthuppakaraṇādi .
Keci pana ‘‘ subhasuttampi ( dī . ni .1.444) paṭhamasaṅgītiyaṃ asaṅgītan ’’ ti vadanti , taṃ pana na yujjati .
PaṭhamasaṅgītitoM1.26 puretarameva hi āyasmatā ānandena jetavane viharantena subhassa māṇavassa bhāsitanti .
Daḷhikammasithilīkaraṇappayojanā yathākkamaṃ pakatisāvajjapaṇṇattisāvajjesu sikkhāpadesu .
Tenāti vividhanayattādinā .
Etan ti vividhavisesanayattāti gāthāvacanaṃ .
Etassāti vinayassa .
AttatthaparatthādibhedetiP1.32 yo taṃ suttaṃ sajjhāyati , suṇāti , vāceti , cinteti , deseti ca , suttena saṅgahito sīlādiattho tassāpi hoti , tena parassa sādhetabbato parassāpi hotīti , tadubhayaṃ taṃ suttaṃ sūceti dīpeti .
Tathā diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaṃ lokiyalokuttarañcāti evamādibhede atthe ādi -saddena saṅgaṇhāti .
Attha -saddo cāyaṃ hitapariyāyavacanaṃ , na bhāsitatthavacanaṃ , yadi siyā , suttaṃ attanopi bhāsitatthaṃ sūceti , parassāpīti ayamattho vutto siyā .
Suttena ca yo attho pakāsito so tasseva hotīti , na tena parattho sūcito hoti , tena sūcetabbassa paratthassa nivattetabbassa abhāvā atthagahaṇañca na kattabbaṃ .
Attatthaparatthavinimmuttassa bhāsitatthassa abhāvā ādiggahaṇañca na kattabbaṃ .
Tasmā yathāvuttassa hitapariyāyassa atthassa sutte asambhavato suttadhārassa puggalassa vasena attatthaparatthā vuttā .
AthaV1.25 vā suttaṃ anapekkhitvā ye attatthādayo atthappabhedā vuttā ‘‘ na haññadatthatthipasaṃsalābhā ’’ ti etassa padassa niddese ( mahāni .63; cūḷani .85)‘‘ attattho , parattho , ubhayattho , diṭṭhadhammiko attho , samparāyiko attho , uttāno attho , gambhīro attho , gūḷho attho , paṭicchanno attho , neyyo attho , nīto attho , anavajjo attho , nikkileso attho , vodāno attho , paramattho ’’ ti te suttaṃ sūcetīti attho .
Imasmiṃ atthavikappe attha -saddo bhāsitatthapariyāyopi hoti .
Ettha hi purimakā pañca atthappabhedā hitapariyāyā , tato pare cha bhāsitatthabhedā , pacchimakā pana ubhayasabhāvā .
Tattha duradhigamatāya vibhāvane aladdhagādho gambhīro .
Na vivaṭo gūḷho .
Mūludakādayo viya paṃsunā akkharasannivesādinā tirohito paṭicchannoM1.27 .
NiddhāretvāP1.33 ñāpetabbo neyyo .
Yathārutavasena veditabbo nīto .
Anavajjanikkilesavodānā pariyāyavasena vuttā , kusalavipākakiriyādhammavasena vā .
Paramattho nibbānaṃ , dhammānaṃ aviparītasabhāvo eva vā .
Atha vā ‘‘ attanā ca appiccho hotī ’’ ti attatthaṃ ,‘‘ appicchākathañca paresaṃ kattā hotī ’’ ti paratthaṃ sūceti .
Evaṃ ‘‘ attanā ca pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hotī ’’ tiādi ( a . ni .4.99,265) suttāni yojetabbāni .
Vinayābhidhammehi ca visesetvā sutta-saddassa attho vattabbo .
Tasmā veneyyajjhāsayavasappavattāya desanāya attahitaparahitatādīni sātisayaṃ pakāsitāni hoti tapparabhāvato , na āṇādhammasabhāvavasappavattāyāti idameva ca ‘‘ atthānaṃ sūcanato suttan ’’ ti vuttaṃ .
Sutte ca āṇādhammasabhāvā ca veneyyajjhāsayaṃ anuvattanti , na vinayābhidhammesu viya veneyyajjhāsayo āṇādhammasabhāve .
Tasmā veneyyānaṃ ekantahitapaṭilābhasaṃvattanikā suttantadesanā hotīti ‘‘ suvuttā cetthā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .
Pasavatīti phalati .
‘‘ Suttāṇā ’’ ti etassa atthaṃ pakāsetuṃ ‘‘ suṭṭhu ca ne tāyatī ’’ ti vuttaṃ .
Attatthādividhānesu ca suttassa pamāṇabhāvo , attatthādīnañca saṅgāhakattaṃ yojetabbaṃ tadatthappakāsanapadhānattā suttassa .
Vinayābhidhammehi visesanañca yojetabbaṃ .
Etan ti ‘‘ atthānaṃ sūcanato ’’ tiādikaṃ atthavacanaṃ .
Etassāti suttassa .
Abhikkamantīti ettha abhi -saddo kamanakiriyāya vuddhibhāvaṃ atirekataṃ dīpeti , abhiññātā abhilakkhitāti ettha ñāṇalakkhaṇakiriyānaṃ supākaṭatāvisesaṃ , abhikkantenātiP1.34 ettha kantiyā adhikattaṃ visiṭṭhatanti yuttaṃ kiriyāvisesakattā upasaggassa .
Abhirājā abhivinayeti pana pūjitaparicchinnesu rājavinayesu abhi -saddo pavattatīti kathametaṃ yujjeyyātiV1.26 ?
Pūjanaparicchedanakiriyādīpanato , tāhi ca kiriyāhi rājavinayānaṃ yuttattā .
Ettha hi atimālādīsu ati-saddo viya , abhi-saddo yathā saha sādhanena kiriyaṃ vadatīti abhirājaabhivinaya-saddā siddhā , evaṃ abhidhammasadde abhi-saddo saha sādhanena vuḍḍhiyādikiriyaṃ dīpetīti ayamattho dassitoti daṭṭhabbo .
BhāvanāpharaṇavuḍḍhīhiM1.28 vuḍḍhimantopi dhammā vuttā .
Ārammaṇādīhīti ārammaṇasampayuttakammadvārapaṭipadādīhi .
Avisiṭṭhan ti aññamaññavisiṭṭhesu vinayasuttābhidhammesu avisiṭṭhaṃ samānaṃ .
Taṃ piṭakasaddanti attho .
Yathāvuttenāti ‘‘ evaṃ duvidhatthenā ’’ tiādinā vuttappakārena .
Kathetabbānaṃ atthānaṃ desakāyattena āṇādividhinā atisajjanaṃ pabodhanaṃ desanā .
Sāsitabbapuggalagatena yathāparādhādisāsitabbabhāvena anusāsanaṃ vinayanaṃ sāsanaṃ .
Kathetabbassa saṃvarāsaṃvarādino atthassa kathanaṃ vacanapaṭibaddhatākaraṇaṃ kathā .
Kathīyati vā etthāti kathā .
Saṃvarāsaṃvarassa kathā saṃvarāsaṃvarakathā .
Esa nayo itaresupi .
Bheda -saddo visuṃ visuṃ yojetabbo ‘‘ desanābhedaṃ sāsanabhedaṃ kathābhedañca yathārahaṃ paridīpaye ’’ ti .
Bhedan ti ca nānattanti attho .
Sikkhā ca pahānāni ca gambhīrabhāvo ca sikkhāppahānagambhīrabhāvaṃ , tañca paridīpaye .
Ettha yathāti upārambhanissaraṇadhammakosarakkhaṇahetupariyāpuṇanaṃP1.35 suppaṭipatti duppaṭipattīti etehi pakārehi .
Āṇaṃ paṇetuṃ arahatīti āṇāraho sammāsambuddhattā .
Vohāraparamatthānampi sabbhāvato āha āṇābāhullatoti .
Ito paresupi eseva nayo .
Pacurāparādhā seyyasakādayo .
Ajjhāsayo āsayova atthato diṭṭhi , ñāṇañca .
Vuttañcetaṃ –
‘‘ Sassatucchedadiṭṭhi ca , khanti cevānulomike ;
Yathābhūtañca yaṃ ñāṇaṃ , etaṃ āsayasadditan ’’ ti .( visuddhi . ṭī .1.136);
Anusayā kāmarāgabhavarāgadiṭṭhipaṭighavicikicchāmānāvijjāvasena satta anāgatā kilesā , atītā paccuppannā ca tatheva vuccanti .
Na hi kālabhedena dhammānaṃ sabhāvabhedo atthīti .
Cariyāti cha mūlacariyā , antarabhedena anekavidhā , saṃsaggavasena tesaṭṭhi honti .
Te pana amhehi asammohantaradhānasuttaṭīkāyaṃ vibhāgato dassitā , atthikehi tato gahetabbā .
Atha vā cariyāti caritaṃ , taṃ sucaritaduccaritavasena duvidhaṃ .
Adhimutti nāma sattānaṃ pubbaparicayavasena abhiruci , sā duvidhā hīnapaṇītabhedena .
Ghanavinibbhogābhāvato diṭṭhimānataṇhāvasenaV1.27 ‘‘ ahaṃ mamā ’’ ti saññino .
Mahanto saṃvaro asaṃvaro .
Buddhiattho hi aya ’ makāro yathā ‘‘ asekkhā dhammā ’’ ti ( dha . sa .11).
TīsupiM1.29 cetesu ete dhammatthadesanā paṭivedhāti ettha tantiattho tantidesanā tantiatthapaṭivedho ca tantivisayā hontīti vinayapiṭakādīnaṃ atthadesanāpaṭivedhādhārabhāvoP1.36 yutto , piṭakāni pana tanti yevāti tesaṃ dhammādhārabhāvo kathaṃ yujjeyyāti ?
Tantisamudāyassa avayavatantiyā ādhārabhāvato .
Avayavassa hi samudāyo ādhārabhāvena vuccati , yathā –
‘‘ rukkhe sākhā ’’ ti .
Dhammādīnañca dukkhogāhabhāvato tehi vinayādayo gambhīrāti vinayādīnañca catubbidho gambhīrabhāvo vutto .
Tasmā dhammādayo eva dukkhogāhattā gambhīrā , na vinayādayoti na codetabbametaṃ samukhena , visayavisayīmukhena ca vinayādīnaṃyeva gambhīrabhāvassa vuttattā .
Dhammo hi vinayādayo , tesaṃ visayo attho , dhammatthavisayā ca desanāpaṭivedhoti .
Tattha paṭivedhassa dukkarabhāvato dhammatthānaṃ , desanāñāṇassa dukkarabhāvato desanāya ca dukkhogāhabhāvo veditabbo , paṭivedhassa pana uppādetuṃ asakkuṇeyyattā , tabbisayañāṇuppattiyā ca dukkarabhāvato dukkhogāhatā veditabbā .
‘‘ Hetumhi ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā ’’ ti etena vacanena dhammassa hetubhāvo kathaṃ ñātabboti ?
‘‘ Dhammapaṭisambhidā ’’ ti etassa samāsapadassa avayavapadatthaṃ dassentena ‘‘ hetumhi ñāṇan ’’ ti vuttattā .
‘‘ Dhamme paṭisambhidā ’’ ti ettha hi ‘‘ dhamme ’’ ti etassa atthaṃ dassentena ‘‘ hetumhī ’’ ti vuttaṃ ,‘‘ paṭisambhidā ’’ ti etassa ca atthaṃ dassentena ‘‘ ñāṇan ’’ ti .
Tasmā hetudhamma-saddā ekatthā , ñāṇapaṭisambhidā-saddā cāti imamatthaṃ vadantena sādhito dhammassa hetubhāvo , atthassa hetuphalabhāvo ca evameva daṭṭhabbo .
Yathādhamman ti cettha dhamma -saddo hetuṃ hetuphalañca sabbaṃ saṅgaṇhāti .
Sabhāvavācako hesa , na pariyattihetubhāvavācako , tasmā yathādhamman ti yo yo avijjāsaṅkhārādidhammoP1.37 , tasmiṃ tasminti attho .
Dhammānurūpaṃ vā yathādhammaṃ .
Desanāpi hi paṭivedho viya aviparītasavisayavibhāvanato dhammānurūpaṃ pavattati , yato ‘ aviparītābhilāpo ’ ti vuccati .
Dhammābhilāpoti atthabyañjanako aviparītābhilāpo , etena ‘‘ tatra dhammaniruttābhilāpe ñāṇaṃ niruttipaṭisambhidā ’’ ti ( vibha .718) ettha vuttaṃ sabhāvadhammaniruttiṃ dasseti , saddasabhāvattā desanāya .
Tathā hi niruttipaṭisambhidāyaM1.30 parittārammaṇādibhāvo paṭisambhidāvibhaṅgapāḷiyaṃ ( vibha .749) vutto .
Aṭṭhakathāyañca ‘‘ taṃ sabhāvaniruttiṃ saddaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā ’’ tiādinā ( vibha . aṭṭha .642) saddārammaṇatāV1.28 dassitā .
‘‘ Imassa atthassa ayaṃ saddo vācako ’’ ti vacanavacanīye vavatthapetvā taṃtaṃvacanīya vibhāvanavasena pavattito hi saddo desanāti .
‘‘ Anulomādivasena vā kathanan ’’ ti etena tassā dhammaniruttiyā abhilāpaṃ kathanaṃ tassa vacanassa pavattanaṃ dasseti .
‘‘ Adhippāyo ’’ ti etena ‘‘ desanāti paññattī ’’ ti etaṃ vacanaṃ dhammaniruttābhilāpaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ , na tabbinimuttaṃ paññattiṃ sandhāyāti dasseti .
Nanu ca ‘‘ dhammo tantī ’’ ti imasmiṃ pakkhe dhammassa saddasabhāvattā dhammadesanānaṃ viseso na siyāti ?
Na , tesaṃ tesaṃ atthānaṃ bodhakabhāvena ñāto , uggahaṇādivasena ca pubbe vavatthāpito saddappabandho dhammo , pacchā paresaṃ avabodhanatthaṃ pavattito tadatthappakāsakoP1.38 saddo desanāti .
Atha vā yathāvuttasaddasamuṭṭhāpako cittuppādo desanā , musāvādādayo viya .
‘‘ Vacanassa pavattanan ’’ ti ca yathāvuttacittuppādavasena yujjati .
So hi vacanaṃ pavatteti , tañca tena pavattīyati desīyati .
‘‘ So ca lokiyalokuttaro ’’ ti evaṃ vuttaṃ abhisamayaṃ yena pakārena abhisameti , yaṃ abhisameti , yo ca tassa sabhāvo , tehi pākaṭaṃ kātuṃ ‘‘ visayato asammohato ca atthānurūpaṃ dhammesū ’’ tiādimāha .
Tattha hi visayato atthādianurūpaṃ dhammādīsu avabodho avijjādidhammasaṅkhārādiatthatadubhayapaññāpanārammaṇo lokiyo abhisamayo , asammohato atthādianurūpaṃ dhammādīsu avabodho nibbānārammaṇo maggasampayutto yathāvuttadhammatthapaññattīsu sammohaviddhaṃsano lokuttaro abhisamayoti .
Abhisamayato aññampi paṭivedhatthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ tesaṃ tesaṃ vā ’’ tiādimāha .
‘ Paṭivedhanaṃ paṭivedho ’ ti iminā hi vacanatthena abhisamayo ,‘ paṭivijjhīyatīti paṭivedho ’ ti iminā taṃtaṃrūpādidhammānaṃ aviparītasabhāvo ca ‘‘ paṭivedho ’’ ti vuccatīti .
Yathāvuttehi dhammādīhi piṭakānaṃ gambhīrabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ idāni yasmā etesu piṭakesū ’’ tiādimāha .
Yo cetthāti etesu taṃtaṃpiṭakagatesu dhammādīsu yo paṭivedho , etesu ca piṭakesu tesaṃ tesaṃ dhammānaṃ yo aviparītasabhāvoti yojetabbaṃ .
Dukkhogāhatā ca avijjāsaṅkhārādīnaṃM1.31 dhammatthānaṃ duppaṭivijjhatāya , tesaṃ paññāpanassa dukkarabhāvato taṃdesanāya , paṭivedhanasaṅkhātassa paṭivedhassa uppādanavisayikaraṇānaṃ asakkuṇeyyattā , aviparītasabhāvasaṅkhātassa paṭivedhassa duviññeyyatāya eva veditabbā .
Yan tiP1.39 yaṃ pariyattiduggahaṇaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ .
Atthan ti bhāsitatthaṃ , payojanatthañca .
Na upaparikkhantīti na vicārenti .
Na nijjhānaṃ khamantīti nijjhānapaññaṃ nakkhamanti , nijjhāyitvāV1.29 paññāya disvā rocetvā gahetabbā na hontīti adhippāyo .
Itīti evaṃ etāya pariyattiyā .
Vādappamokkhānisaṃsā attano upari parehi āropitavādassa niggahassa pamokkhappayojanā hutvā dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti , vādappamokkhā vā nindāpamokkhā .
Yassa catthāyāti yassa ca sīlādipūraṇassa anupādāvimokkhassa vā atthāya dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti ñāyena pariyāpuṇantīti adhippāyo .
Assāti assa dhammassa .
Nānubhontīti na vindanti .
Tesaṃ te dhammā duggahitattā upārambhamānadabbamakkhapalāsādihetubhāvena dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti .
Bhaṇḍāgāre niyutto bhaṇḍāgāriko , bhaṇḍāgāriko viya bhaṇḍāgāriko , dhammaratanānupālako .
Aññatthaṃ anapekkhitvā bhaṇḍāgārikasseva sato pariyatti bhaṇḍāgārikapariyatti .
‘‘ Tāsaṃyevā ’’ ti avadhāraṇaṃ pāpuṇitabbānaṃ chaḷabhiññācatuppaṭisambhidādīnaṃ vinaye pabhedavacanābhāvaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ .
Verañjakaṇḍe ( pārā .12) hi tisso vijjāva vibhattā .
Dutiye pana ‘‘ tāsaṃyevā ’’ ti avadhāraṇaṃ catasso paṭisambhidā apekkhitvā kataṃ , na tisso vijjā .
Tā hi chasu abhiññāsu antogadhāti sutte vibhattā yevāti .
Duggahitaṃ gaṇhāti ,‘‘ tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi , yathā tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāvati saṃsarati anaññan ’’ tiādinā ( ma . ni .1.396).
Dhammacintan tiP1.40 dhammasabhāvavicāraṇaṃ ,‘‘ cittuppādamatteneva dānaṃ hoti , sayameva cittaṃ attano ārammaṇaṃ hoti , sabbaṃ cittaṃ asabhāvadhammārammaṇan ’’ ti ca evamādi .
Tesan ti tesaṃ piṭakānaṃ .
Etan ti etaṃ buddhavacanaṃ .
Atthānulomato anulomiko .
Anulomikataṃyeva vibhāvetuṃ ‘‘ kasmā panā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .
Ekanikāyampīti ekasamūhampiM1.32 .
Poṇikā cikkhallikā ca khattiyā , tesaṃ nivāso poṇikanikāyo cikkhallikanikāyo ca .
Navappabhedan ti ettha kathaṃ navappabhedaṃ ?
Sagāthakañhi suttaṃ geyyaṃ , niggāthakañca suttaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ , tadubhayavinimuttañca suttaṃ udānādivisesasaññārahitaṃ natthi , yaṃ suttaṅgaṃ siyā , maṅgalasuttādīnañca ( khu . pā .5.2; su . ni .225) suttaṅgasaṅgaho na siyā , gāthābhāvato , dhammapadādīnaṃ viya , geyyaṅgasaṅgaho vā siyā , sagāthakattā , sagāthavaggassa viya , tathā ubhatovibhaṅgādīsu sagāthakappadesānanti ?
Vuccate –
‘‘ SuttantiV1.30 sāmaññavidhi , visesavidhayo pare ;
Sanimittā niruḷhattā sahatāññena nāññato ’’.( sārattha . ṭī .1. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathāvaṇṇanā );
Sabbassāpi hi buddhavacanassa suttanti ayaṃ sāmaññavidhi .
Tenevāha āyasmā mahākaccāno nettiyaṃ –
‘‘ navavidhasuttantapariyeṭṭhī ’’ ti ( netti . saṅgahavāra ).
‘‘ Ettakaṃ tassa bhagavato suttāgataṃ suttapariyāpannaṃ ( pāci .255,1242), sakavāde pañcasuttasatānī ’’ ti ( dha . sa . aṭṭha . nidānakathā ; kathā . aṭṭha . nidānakathā ) evamādi ca etassa atthassa sādhakaṃ .
VisesavidhayoP1.41 pare sanimittā tadekadesesu geyyādayo visesavidhayo tena tena nimittena patiṭṭhitā .
Tathā hi geyyassa sagāthakattaṃ tabbhāvanimittaṃ .
Lokepi hi sasilokaṃ sagāthakaṃ ( netti . aṭṭha .13) cuṇṇiyaganthaṃ ‘ geyyan ’ ti vadanti .
Gāthāvirahe pana sati pucchaṃ katvā vissajjanabhāvo veyyākaraṇassa tabbhāvanimittaṃ .
Pucchāvissajjanañhi ‘ byākaraṇan ’ ti vuccati , byākaraṇameva veyyākaraṇaṃ .
Evaṃ sante sagāthakādīnampi pucchaṃ katvā vissajjanavasena pavattānaṃ veyyākaraṇabhāvo āpajjatīti ?
Nāpajjati , geyyādisaññānaṃ anokāsabhāvato ,‘ gāthāvirahe satī ’ ti visesitattā ca .
Tathā hi dhammapadādīsu kevalaṃ gāthābandhesu , sagāthakattepi somanassañāṇamayikagāthāyuttesu ,‘ vuttañhetan ’ tiādivacanasambandhesu , abbhutadhammapaṭisaṃyuttesu ca suttavisesesu yathākkamaṃ gāthāudānaitivuttakaabbhutadhammasaññā patiṭṭhitā , tathā satipiM1.33 gāthābandhabhāve bhagavato atītāsu jātīsu cariyānubhāvappakāsakesu jātakasaññā , satipi pañhāvissajjanabhāve , sagāthakatte ca kesuci suttantesu vedassa labhāpanato vedallasaññā patiṭṭhitāti evaṃ tena tena sagāthakattādinā nimittena tesu tesu suttavisesesu geyyādisaññā patiṭṭhitāti visesavidhayo suttaṅgato pare geyyādayo .
Yaṃ panettha geyyaṅgādinimittarahitaṃ , taṃ suttaṅgaṃ visesasaññāparihārena sāmaññasaññāya pavattanatoti .
Nanu ca sagāthakaṃ suttaṃ geyyaṃ , niggāthakaṃ suttaṃ veyyākaraṇanti suttaṅgaṃ na sambhavatīti codanā tadavatthā vāti ?
Na tadavatthā , sodhitattā .
Sodhitañhi pubbe gāthāvirahe sati pucchāvissajjanabhāvo veyyākaraṇassa tabbhāvanimittanti .
Yañca vuttaṃ –
‘‘ gāthābhāvato maṅgalasuttādīnaṃ ( khu . pā .5.1,2,3) suttaṅgasaṅgahoP1.42 na siyā ’’ ti , taṃ na , niruḷhattā .
Niruḷho hi maṅgalasuttādīnaṃ suttabhāvo .
Na hi tāni dhammapadabuddhavaṃsādayoV1.31 viya gāthābhāvena paññātāni , atha kho suttabhāvena .
Teneva hi aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘ suttanāmakan ’’ ti nāmaggahaṇaṃ kataṃ .
Yañca pana vuttaṃ –
‘‘ sagāthakattā geyyaṅgasaṅgaho siyā ’’ ti , tadapi natthi , yasmā sahatāññena .
Saha gāthāhīti hi sagāthakaṃ .
Sahabhāvo nāma atthato aññena hoti , na ca maṅgalasuttādīsu kathāvinimutto koci suttapadeso atthi , yo ‘ saha gāthāhī ’ ti vucceyya , na ca samudāyo nāma koci atthi , yadapi vuttaṃ –
‘‘ ubhatovibhaṅgādīsu sagāthakappadesānaṃ geyyaṅgasaṅgaho siyā ’’ ti tadapi na , aññato .
Aññā eva hi tā gāthā jātakādipariyāpannattā .
Ato na tāhi ubhatovibhaṅgādīnaṃ geyyaṅgabhāvoti .
Evaṃ suttādīnaṃ aṅgānaṃ aññamaññasaṅkarābhāvo veditabbo .
‘‘ Ayaṃ dhammo … pe … ayaṃ vinayo , imāni caturāsīti dhammakkhandhasahassānī ’’ ti buddhavacanaṃ dhammavinayādibhedena vavatthapetvā saṅgāyantena mahākassapappamukhena vasigaṇena anekacchariyapātubhāvapaṭimaṇḍitāya saṅgītiyā imassa dīghāgamassa paṭhamamajjhimabuddhavacanādibhāvo vavatthāpitoti dasseti ,‘‘ evametaṃ abhedato ’’ tiādinā .
Nidānakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .